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International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine
Published by Universitas Warmadewa
ISSN : 30477441     EISSN : 30477433     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22225/ijbstm
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine is published twice (March and September) a year. The objective is to promote articles on biology and medicine. International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine publishes original research work related to biological and medicine. The journal publishes Original articles, Short Reports, Case Reports, and Review articles. All articles published in International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine (IJBSTM) are peer-reviewed and published online for immediate access and citation. International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine (IJBSTM) publishes the Original clinical and experimental research studies, Review articles, Case reports on topics but not limited to: Biocemistry, Genetics and molecular biology, Medicine, Environmental health, Tropical diseases, Diseases in tropics, Global health, Pharmacological sciences, Biomedical sciences, Public health, Infection, Epidemiology and clinical epidemiology, Molecular biology, Microbiology, Travel Medicine
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 3 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "vol. 3 no. 2 (2026)" : 3 Documents clear
Multitarget Effects of Spirulina Extract in a Drosophila Model of an Ulcerative Colitis-Like Phenotype ST. Nur Afivha Abdullah; Fadya Aura Islamia; Nihal Rahadatul Aisy S; Nadila Pratiwi Latada; Widya Hardiyanti; Asbah Asbah; Mukarram Mudjahid; Elly Wahyudin; Rosany Tayeb; Firzan Nainu
International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Publication Department, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/ijbstm.3.2.2026.33-42

Abstract

Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) involves intestinal barrier disruption, inflammation, oxidative stress, and altered autophagy. SDS-induced intestinal injury in Drosophila melanogaster reproduces selected UC-relevant features, including barrier disruption and stress responses. However, whether Spirulina extract affects the expression of sod1, sod2, atg8a, and totA in this model remains unclear. Thus, sod1 and sod2 were selected as antioxidant-response markers, atg8a for autophagy, and totA for JAK/STAT-associated stress responses. We expected Spirulina extract to alleviate SDS-induced injury by modulating these molecular responses. This study evaluated the effects of Spirulina extract on survival and the expression of these genes. Methods D. melanogaster was exposed to SDS to induce a UC-like phenotype, which was assessed using survival and Smurf assays. Spirulina extract at concentrations of 0.625 %, 1.25 %, and 2.5 % was evaluated for toxicity and protective effects. Gene expression of sod1, sod2, totA, and atg8a was analyzed using RT-qPCR. Results Spirulina extract at concentrations of 0.625–2.5 % showed to be tolerated during fly development and were used in subsequent experiments. SDS 0.25 % successfully induced a UC-like phenotype, characterized by reduced survival and increased Smurf phenotype. Spirulina extract, particularly at 0.625 %, improved survival. At the molecular level, Spirulina extract decreased totA and atg8a expression, and differentially modulated sod1 and sod2 expression. Conclusion Spirulina extract, particularly at 0.625 %, was associated with increased survival in SDS-exposed D. melanogaster and changes in the expression of sod1, sod2, atg8a, and totA. These findings indicate phenotypic and molecular responses to Spirulina treatment, although the observed gene expression changes do not establish the mechanisms underlying the survival response.
Clinical Outcomes Associated with Different Intrathecal Opioid Regimens for Cesarean Delivery: A Case Series Joshua Christian Suyanto
International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Publication Department, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/ijbstm.3.2.2026.43-47

Abstract

Background: Optimal postoperative pain management with minimal side effects is a crucial component of surgeries utilizing the Enhanced Recovery After Cesarean (ERAC) protocol. Neuraxial morphine is a major component of multimodal post-cesarean analgesia; however, high-dose administration increases the risk of specific adverse effects, including pruritus, nausea/vomiting, urinary retention, sedation, and respiratory depression. The addition of intrathecal fentanyl combined with a low dose of intrathecal morphine has been observed to be associated with favorable clinical outcomes. Case Series: This case series reports three female patients who underwent elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. The first and third cases received a combination of 10 mg bupivacaine, 25 mcg fentanyl, and 50 mcg morphine, whereas the second case received 10 mg bupivacaine and 100 mcg morphine. Postoperative evaluations for Cases 1 and 3 utilizing Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WBFS) ranging from 1 to 3 during the first 48 hours. Both patients were capable of sitting at the 6th hour and achieving independent mobilization by the 12th hour. Conversely, although the patient in Case 2 reported a WBFS of 1 to 2 within the first 48 hours, she experienced Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV), which was associated with delayed mobilization (sitting at the 12th hour and mobilizing at the 18th hour). Conclusion: The addition of 25 mcg fentanyl combined with 50 mcg morphine was associated with a quality of postoperative analgesia that is not substantially different from 100 mcg of morphine in this case series. Furthermore, this regimen was observed to be associated with lower incidences of PONV and pruritus, as well as earlier mobilization of post-cesarean delivery patients.
Role of Corticosteroid in The Management of Covid-19 I Putu Bhujangga Pratama Kusuma Artana; I Gusti Agung Istri Mahaiswari; Gusti Agung Ksatrya; Ni Ketut Ayu Pramesti Ari; Saraswati Laksmi Dewi; Putu Aryagiri Prabawa
International Journal of Biomedical Science and Travel Medicine Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Publication Department, Universitas Warmadewa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/ijbstm.3.2.2026.48-53

Abstract

Systemic corticosteroids are an important immunomodulatory therapy for severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Their anti-inflammatory effects may reduce excessive immune activation and pulmonary injury, although immunosuppression may impair antiviral responses and delay viral clearance. This review summarizes the role of corticosteroids in the management of COVID-19, focusing on mechanisms, clinical efficacy, indications, dosing, safety, and their use with other immunomodulatory therapies. Evidence from randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses demonstrates that corticosteroids, particularly dexamethasone, reduce mortality in patients requiring supplemental oxygen or advanced respiratory support, whereas routine use in patients without oxygen requirements is not recommended. Dexamethasone 6 mg once daily for up to 10 days or until discharge remains the best-established regimen. Higher doses do not necessarily provide additional benefit and may increase mortality and adverse events. Dexamethasone has the strongest direct evidence, while hydrocortisone and methylprednisolone have also demonstrated potential benefits, although comparative evidence remains heterogeneous. Corticosteroids may be combined with additional immunomodulatory agents, such as tocilizumab or baricitinib, in patients with persistent inflammation and clinical deterioration despite corticosteroid therapy. Overall, corticosteroid therapy should be individualized according to disease severity, oxygen requirement, dose, and treatment duration to balance suppression of pathological inflammation against preservation of antiviral immunity.

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