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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology
ISSN : 02156334     EISSN : 1907770X     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary
BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 5 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "No. 10 (1997)" : 5 Documents clear
THE EFFECTS OF DRYING AND SHELLING ON ASPERGILLUS FLAWS INFECTION AND AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION OF MAIZE* DHARMAPUTRA, O.S.
BIOTROPIA No. 10 (1997)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (311.784 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1997.0.10.131

Abstract

The  effects of drying  and  shelling on  Aspergillus  fla\-us  infection  and  aflatoxin  production  of maize  stored under laboratory conditions were investigated together with the intactness of grain and change of moisture content during the storage period. Fully matured maize var. Arjuna and CPI-2 were harvested at 90 and 97 days after planting, respectively, after which they were unhusked and divided into 4 pans. The 1st and the 2nd parts were sun dried up to 20^ moisture content (m.c.) and then shelled and re-dried up to 17 and 14% m.c.. respectively. The 3rd part was sun dried up to 17% m.c. and then shelled but not re-dned. The 4th pan was sun dried up to 17% m.c. and then shelled and re-dried up to 14% m.c. The maize was sun dried by spreading either the cobs or the kernels on the paved floor. The nail-down wood and mechanical sheller were used for shelling the maize. After drying and shelling, maize samples were stored in the jars which were covered with muslin cloth for 3 months under laboratory conditions. A. flavus was isolated using dilution method on Aspergillus Flavus and Parasiticus Agar (AFPA). The damaged kernel analysis was carried out at the beginning of storage to obtain the percentage of damaged kernel caused by shelling. The m.c. and aflatoxin were determined using oven and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods, respectively. The m.c. decreased at 1 month of storage and then it was almost constant at 2 and 3 months of storage. The percentage  of damaged kernels  of maize var. CPI-2 was  higher  than  those  of  var. Arjuna. The percentage  of damaged kernels of maize shelled at 20% m.c. was higher than that shelled at 17% m.c. The percentage of damaged kernels of maize shelled by mechanical sheller was higher than that shelled by nail-down wood.*Paper presented at the Symposium on Pest Management for Stored Food and Feed, 5 -7 September 1995 Bogor, Indonesia.
THE EFFECTS OF MILLING DEGREE AND TYPE OF BAG ON FUNGAL INFECTION AND SOME CHEMICAL CONTENTS OF STORED MILLED RICE S.DHARMAPUTRA, OKKY
BIOTROPIA No. 10 (1997)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1108.265 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1997.0.10.132

Abstract

The effects of milling degree and type of bag on fungal infection of stored milled rice were investigated together with some chemical contents (glucose, amylose, protein and total lipid contents), and changes in moisture content. Rice var. IR 64 with different milling degrees (85, 90, 95 and 100%) packed in  jute and polypropylene bags (1 kg of milled rice/bag) were stored under laboratory conditions with temperature between 24.3-27.3 C and relative humidity 52.6-81.9% for 3 months. The initial moisture content (m.c.) of milled rice was ± 14%. Three replications (3 bags) were used for each treatment. Each bag was put individually and was arranged randomly on a wooden pallet. The results showed that in general, the increase of milling degree and duration of storage decreased the m.c. Type of bag did not give significant differences on the m.c.  Twenty eight fungal species were isolated from rice with different milling degree and bag type during storage. The predominant species was Aspergillus Candidas. Total fungal population decreased with  the  increase of milling degree and duration of storage. Bag type did not give significant differences on total  fungal population. In general, the increase of milling degree increased glucose content. Glucose content in milled rice packed in jute bag was higher than that in polypropylene bag. Glucose content tended to decrease with the  increase of storage duration. The increase of milling degree increased amylose content in milled rice. Amylose content of milled rice packed in jute bag was lower than that in polypropylene bag. The increase of storage duration decreased amylose content in milled rice. In general, protein content decreased with the increase of milling degree and duration of storage. 1 type did not give significant differences on protein content. Total  lipid content decreased with  the  increase of milling degree and duration of storage. Total  lipid content of milled rice packed in jute bag was lower than that in polypropylene bag, but based on chemical  analysis the difference was not significant. Based on statistical analyses, correlation between the m.c. and total lipid content with total fungal  population was positive. There was no correlation between glucose, amylose and protein contents with total fungal population. Rice with high milling degree can be stored safely for long period, but it has low chemical (nutritional) contents. Key words:   Milling degree/Bag type/Fungal infection/Chemical content/Milled rice.
INFLUENCE OF MOISTURE CONTENT AND LENGTH OF STORAGE ON FUNGAL INVASION OF PADDY RICE *) E. PADERES, DANILO
BIOTROPIA No. 10 (1997)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1037.32 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1997.0.10.129

Abstract

The relationship of moisture content and storage period to fungal population, seed germination, grain whiteness and translucency was determined. Various fungal species predominated at different moisture conditions and storage periods. The fungi observed belong to the groups of Aspergillus flavus-oryzae, A. glaucus, A. mdulans. A. candidus, A. versicolor, A. terreus and A. niger and  an unidentified species of Penicillium, Trichoconiella, Curvularia, Fusarium, Syncephalastrum  and Verticillium. The predominant storage fungi were A. fla\iis-oryzae and A. candidus whereas, the predominant field fungi were Trichoconiella sp., Cun-ularia sp. and Syncepfialastrwn sp. A decrease in the number of field fungi and an increase in the number of storage fungi with storage time were observed. Storage fungi were noted as early as five weeks after storage at moisture contents from 9.3 to 18.33%. The percentage germination of paddy remained high when stored at moisture contents of 9.3 to 14% but decreased with storage time at 14.5 to 18.33% moisture  content. The  percentage germination of paddy  reached  a peak  at  10-15 weeks of  storage. A  significant negative correlation between percent germination and moisture content was observed. At 14.5-18.33% moisture content, the germination of stored paddy decreased with a marked increase of storage molds. Changes  in grain whiteness was  not  affected by moisture  content. However,  a  decrease  in percent  whiteness  and translucency was noted after 25 weeks of storage.Keywords:       Stored products pests / Rice / Moisture content / Storage / Time / Fungi / Aspergillus sp. / Penicillium sp. / Trichoconiella sp. / Curvularia sp. / Fusarium sp./ Syncephalastrum sp. / Verticillium sp. 
INFLUENCE OF INSECT AND SEED SAMPLE SIZE AND HEAT TREATMENT ON THE INFESTATION OF CALLOSOBRUCHVS CHINENS1S (L.) ON MUNGBEAN, VIGNA RADIATA (L) Wilczek *) M. BucruANON1, ELISA
BIOTROPIA No. 10 (1997)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (698.795 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1997.0.10.130

Abstract

The  influence  of  different  insect  and  seed  sample  size  and  heat  treatment  on  the  infestation  of  bean  weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis on mungbean,Vjg/m radiata (L.) Wilczek, was studied. Insect and seed sample size as well as varieties/genotype had significant influence in obtaining large responses in the number of eggs and progenies of the bean weevil. Use of at least 10 adult weevils to infest test samples containing at least 40 seeds for a 5-day oviposition period should produce reliable results when infesting mungbean seeds with unsexed weevils. Dry heat treatment was very effective in disinfesting mungbean seeds from the bean weevil in different developmental stages. It improved germination depending upon the condition of the seed before tr eatment and certain temperature limits. A suggested  treatment for mungbean dismfestation using dry heat would be 60°C and 70°C for  two-and one-hour treatments, respectively at 12% moisture content. For seeds in bulk, 60°C is much preferred.Key words:   Callosobruchus chinensis/ Insect and seed sample size/Mungbean infestation/Heat treatment
INFLUENCE OF MEDIA GELLING AGENTS ON ROOT BIOMASS AND IN VITRO VA-MYCORRfflZAL SYMBIOSIS OF CARROT WITH GIGASPORA MARGARITA PAL BHATIA, NAVEEN; ADHOLEYA, ALOK; VERMA, ANJALI
BIOTROPIA No. 10 (1997)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.1997.0.10.128

Abstract

An in vitro study with Ri-TDNA transformed roots of carrot  (Daucus carota) was carried out  to evaluate  the role of macro-elements contributed as impurities in  the gelling agent (phytagel) over and above  those present  in the minimal (M) medium. Production of root biomass was taken as a measure to quantify the influence of macro-elements added to the minimal medium. The levels of phosphorus when adjusted to 1.19 mg/1 and 1.09 mg/l, lead to dry root biomass production at par with the control. Attempts made to lower the amount of impurities in phytagel by de-ionization using different alkalies, proved NaOH to give the best results in terms of relatively high amount of root biomass. In an in vitro dual culture system with carrot as host and Gigaspora margarita as the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, phytagel impurities helped to produce maximum number of infection units and auxiliary cells when phytagel was added to the minimal medium.Key words:    Agrobacterium    rhiiogenesfDaucus    caro/a/Gelling    agents/diaspora    margarita/Macro- elements/Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza/Transformed roots.

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