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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology
ISSN : 02156334     EISSN : 1907770X     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary
BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 4 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "No. 21 (2003)" : 4 Documents clear
ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT OF THREE FUNGAL ISOLATES TO AFLATOXIN-PRODUCING^spergiY/HS/JavHS OKKY S.DHARMAPUTRA
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 21 (2003)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (574.261 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2003.0.21.186

Abstract

Aflatoxin contamination in preharvest peanuts can be controlled among others by using antagonistic fimgi to aflatoxin-producing fungi.  Aspergillus flavus  is one of the fungal species where certain strains can produce aflatoxin. Informations regarding the type of interactions between antagonistic fungi and toxigenic A. flavus, and the effects of culture filtrates of the test fungi on the growth and aflatoxin production of toxigenic A. flavus  are necessary, before antagonistic fungi could be used as biocontrol agent. Three fungal isolates (nontoxigenic A. flavus BIO 2127, A. niger BIO 2129 and Trichoderma harzianum BIO 19130) were tested for their antagonistic properties against toxigenic A. flavus BIO 2132 using direct and indirect confrontation methods. On direct confrontation method, four kinds of agar media were used, i.e PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar), MEA 1% (Malt Extract Agar 1%), SMKYA (Sucrose 200 g, MgSO47H2O 0.5 g, KNO3 3 g, yeast extract 7 g, and block agar AA 20 g), and the mixture of MEA 1 % + SMKYA (1:1). The results indicated that the type of interactions between toxigenic A. flavus either with nontoxigenic A. flavus or with T. harzianum was B type. In this type of interaction, the growth of both toxigenic A. flavus and the test fungi inhibited each other (mutual inhibition) with the zone of inhibition < 2 mm. Type of interaction between toxigenic A. flavus and A. niger depended on the kind of media. On SMKYA and MEA 1% + SMKYA media, the interaction was B type, while on PDA and MEA 1% media it was D type. In this D type of interaction, toxigenic A. flavus and A. niger  inhibited each other (mutual inhibition) at a distance > 2 mm. Culture filtrates derived from nontoxigenic A. flavus and A. niger grown on ME 1%, SMKY and ME 1% + SMKY inhibited the growth (based on dry weight) of toxigenic A. flavus, except culture filtrates derived from T. harzianum grown on SMKY and ME 1% + SMKY media stimulated the growth of toxigenic A. flavus. Culture filtrates of nontoxigenic A. flavus, A. niger and T. harzianum inhibited aflatoxin B\ production of toxigenic A. flavus. Culture filtrates of A. niger and T. harzianum with conidial concentrations of IxlO6, 2xl06 and 3xl06 per ml inhibited aflatoxin B, production up to 100%. The percentage of inhibition of aflatoxin Bi production increased with the increase of conidial concentrations of nontoxigenic A. flavus. The highest percentage of inhibition of aflatoxin BI production (62.5%) was obtained from conidial concentration of 3xl06 per ml. Aspergillus niger was the most potential fungus in inhibiting the growth of toxigenic A. flavus, either on agar media or on culture filtrates of test fungi. Culture filtrate of A. niger was also the most potential filtrate in inhibiting aflatoxin BI production of toxigenic A. flavus.Keywords:    Antagonistic effect / Aspergillus flavus I Aspergillus niger I Trichoderma harzianum I aflatoxin
SOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL BENZOATE- UTILIZING Serratia marcescens DWI SURYANTO; ANTONIUS SUWANTO
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 21 (2003)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (424.953 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2003.0.21.184

Abstract

A new benzoate-utilizing strain, Serratia marcescens DS-8, isolated from the environment was characterized. The strain was enterobacilli, Gram negative, mesophilic, non halophilic, and aerobic bacterium that showed motile ovale-rod shaped cells. The isolate produced extracellular chitinase, protease, and prodigiosin (a red pigment produced by several Serratia strains yielding bright red or pink colonies). A physiological assay using Microbact* test showed that the strain was closely related to Klebsiella ozaenae  (49.85%) and Serratia liquefaciens  (24.42%), respectively. However, 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that the strain was closely related to  S. marcescens  DSM 30121 with similarity level of 98%. DS-8 strain was able to synthesize its own vitamins. Optimum growth in benzoate was obtained at pH between 7-8.5 and NaCl concentration of 1-1.5% (w/v). The isolate could grow in benzoate-containing medium up to 10 mM. Other carbon sources that could support the growth of DS-8 were casamino acid, glutamate, glucose, acetate, potato starch, and ethanol. Keywords: Serratia marcescens/aromatic degradation/168 rRNA sequence
CONTROL OF AFLATOXIGENIC Aspergillus flavus IN PEANUTS USING NONAFLATOXIGENIC A. flavus, A. niger and Trichoderma harzianum OKKY S.DHARMAPUTRA
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 21 (2003)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2003.0.21.187

Abstract

The effects of nontoxigenic Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and Trichoderma harzianum inoculated into planting media on toxigenic A. flavus infection and its aflatoxin production in peanut kernels at harvest were investigated together with (1) the moisture content of planting media before peanut planting, at the time of inflorescence, and at harvest, (2) the population of aflatoxigenic and nonaflatoxigenic A. flavus, A. niger and T. harzianum  in peanut planting media before peanut planting, at the time of inflorescence, and at harvest, (3) the moisture content of peanut kernels at harvest, and (4) toxigenic A. flavus invasion in peanut plant parts (roots, stems, petioles, leaves and flowers) at the time of inflorescence. The fungal isolates were inoculated into planting media at the same time with the planting of peanut seeds. Peanut plants were grown under glasshouse conditions. Treated planting media were inoculated with the combined use of (1) toxigenic and nontoxigenic A. flavus, (2) toxigenic A. flavus and A. niger, and (3) toxigenic A. flavus and T. harzianum. Planting media inoculated only with each fungal isolate and uninoculated planting media were used as controls. Two watering treatments of peanut plants were carried out, i.e. watering until harvest and not watering for 15 days before harvest. The populations of the fungal isolates in the planting media and peanut kernels were determined using dilution method followed by pour plate method; the percentages of toxigenic A. flavus and test fungal colonizations in peanut plant parts were determined using plating method; the moisture content of planting media and peanut kernels were determined  using oven method; the aflatoxin content of peanut kernels was determined using Thin Layer Chromatography method. The results indicated that at the time of harvest the decrease in moisture contents of planting media not watered for 15 days before harvest was higher than those watered until harvest. The lowest population of toxigenic A. flavus was in planting media inoculated with the combined use of toxigenic and nontoxigenic A. flavus at the time of inflorescence and at the time of harvest. Toxigenic A. flavus could invade the roots, stems and flowers of peanut plants. The lowest percentage of invasion was on the plant parts which planting media were inoculated with the combined use of toxigenic and nontoxigenic A. flavus. The moisture content of peanut kernels originated from watered plants until harvest were higher than those not watered for 15 days before harvest. The population of toxigenic A. flavus  in peanut kernels derived from the plants whose planting media were inoculated with the combined use of toxigenic A. flavus and each test fungi, was lower than those inoculated only with toxigenic A. flavus.  It indicated that the test fungi inoculated into planting media could inhibit toxigenic A. flavus  infection in peanut kernels. Aflatoxin was only detected in peanut kernels originated from one plant whose planting medium was inoculated only with toxigenic A. flavus and the plant was watered until the time of harvest. Toxigenic A. flavus infection and aflatoxin production were not influenced by planting media which were not watered for 15 days before harvest. Keywords:  Biocontrol / Aflatoxigenic / Nonaflatoxigenic / Aspergillus flavus I Aspergillus niger I Trichoderma harzianum I Peanuts
KARYOMORPHOLOGY OF THE PHILIPPINE ROCK GOBY, Glossogobius giuris (GOBIIDAE) FROM LAKE TAAL AND SOME RIVERS OF CAVITE, LUZON ISLAND JIMMY T MASAGCA; JOSE A. ORDONEZ
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 21 (2003)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2003.0.21.185

Abstract

The karyomorphology of Glossogobius giuris (Gobiidae) obtained from Lake Taal and some rivers of Cavite in Luzon Island, Philippines was described. Metaphase chromosome analysis (colchicine-sodium citrate-Carnoy's fixation-Giemsa staining procedures) of the hematopoitetic cells in the anterior kidneys revealed that the diploid chromosome number was 2n=46 (46A). Fundamental Number (FN) is also 46, since all chromosomal morphology were acrocentrics without any distinguishable heteromorphic pair of chromosomes in the metaphase spreads from both dry and wet preparations. This study confirms previous reports on the chromosomal sets of G. giuris from India. Keywords : Philippines / Lake Taal / Genetics / Karyomorphology / Glossogobius giuris

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