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Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 01261312     EISSN : 23563931     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005303202101
Core Subject : Science,
Immunology & microbiology Neuroscience
Journal of the Medical Sciences (JMedSci) or Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran (BIK) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia. JMedSci aiming to communicate high-quality articles in the areas of biomedical science from basic to clinical sciences.The journal welcomes papers from original articles, case reports, reviews, and book reviews. All papers published in JMedSci are freely available as downloadable pdf files. The journal began its publication on March 1973 and published quarterly (January, April, July, and October). JMedSci is abstracted and indexed in DOAJ, Crossref, Google Scholar, Sinta, Indonesia One Search. JMedSci is accredited by Directorate of General Higher Education, the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Indonesia
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 32 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 44, No 02 (2012)" : 32 Documents clear
The association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2922126 within ghrelin and growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a) gene with insulin resistance in obese female adolescents in Yogyakarta Special Region Cut Gina Inggriyani Rina Susilowati Madarina Julia
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 02 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Previous study reported that among 79 obese female adolescents in Yogyakarta Special Region, 44 (55.7%) of them have insulin resistance. However, no significant differences on dietary habits and physical activity between the obese female who have insulin resistance and thosewho are insulin sensitive were observed. Therefore, it was thought that genetic factors are involved in the occurrence of insulin resistance. Ghrelin and growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) genes have been associated with the insulin signaling pathway with implicationsin insulin resistance. The study aimed to analyze the association between SNP (single nucleotid polymorphism) rs2922126 in GHSR1a gene with insulin resistance in obese female adolescents in Yogyakarta Special Region. Seventy eight obese female adolescents who were selected in theprevious study were involved in this study. Secondary data including name of subjects, age, body height, body weight, BMI (body mass index), fasting glucose level, fasting insulin level, waist circumference and HOMA-IR index were obtained from previous study. Polymerase Chai Reaction (PCR) and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) methods were used to the genotype analysis of SNP rs2922126. Chi-square test was used to calculate odds ratio on genotype and allele of SNP rs2922126 GHSR1a gene in insulin resistance and insulin sensitive groups. The results showed that A/A genotype individuals in SNP rs2922126 had higher risk to develop insulin resistance, compared to A/T and T/T genotypes individuals (OR: 2.03; 95%CI: 0.54-7.57). However, it was not significantly different (p>0.05). Individuals with A/A genotype and A allele carriers at SNP rs2922126 tended to have a higher value of BMI, fasting glucose level, fasting insulin level, HOMA-IR, and waist circumference compared to other carriers, althoughit was not significant (p>0.05). It can be concluded that SNP rs2922126 in GHSR1a gene is not associated with insulin resistance in obese female adolescents in Yogyakarta Special Region.Keywords: GHSR1a gene - SNP rs2922126 - insulin resistance - female - obese
The diagnostic value of fine needle aspiration biopsy and ultrasonography on thyroid nodule in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta Wicaksono Probowoso Ishandono Dachlan
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 02 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

As the prevalence of thyroid cancer increases, a diagnostic method that can identify malignancy that warrants further surgical treatment is needed. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and ultrasonography (USG) are preoperative test for diagnosing thyroid tumor. This research aimed to calculate the diagnostic value of FNAB and USG on thyroid nodule patients in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta. This was a diagnostic test study using a retrospective designusing data from medical records of patients with thyroid nodules from January 2006 to December 2010. The diagnositic value of FNAB and USG including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy were calculated and compared with histopathological examination as the gold standard. Ninety medical records data of patients consisting of 71 females and 19 males who were diagnosed thyroid nodule with FNAB or USG before surgery were evaluated in this study. The results of FNAB of 90 patients were as follows: 54 (60.0%) benign, 6 (6.7%) malignant, and 30 (33.3%) follicular neoplasm. Meanwhile, the results USG of 90 patients were as follows: 38 (42.2%) benign, 15 (16.7%) malignant and 37 (41.1%) non determined. The diagnostic value of FNAB was described as follows: sensitivity of50.0%, specificity of 100%, PPV of 100%, NPV of 50.0% and an accuracy of 60.0%, whereas the diagnostic value of USG was described as follows: sensitivity of 81.8%, specificity of87.5%, PPV 60%, NPV 94.5% and accuracy of 50.0%. In conclusion, the diagnostic value of FNAB and USG in stablishing diagnosis of thyroid nodule is still low. The FNAB has higher accuracy compared to USG for diagnosing thyroid nodules.Keywords: diagnostic value - fine needle aspiration - ultrasonography - thyroid nodule - histopathological examination
Clinical signs as diagnostic test to assess hypoxemia in children with acute asthma exacerbation Latifah Hanum Roni Naning Endy Paryanto Prawirohartono
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 02 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Asthma attack can cause hypoxemia. One of the methods to detect hypoxemia is by using pulseoximetry. However, this tool is not always available in some health care centres. Therefore, amore rapid and simple diagnostic tool is needed as an alternative method to detect hypoxemia.This study aimed to assess signs and symptoms as diagnostic tools for hypoxemia in childrenwith asthma. This was an analytical observational with cross-sectional design performed inDepartment of Pediatrics, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas GadjahMada, Yogyakarta. The study was started in Februari 2010 until the sample size was sufficient.Seventy seven children with asthma between 0 – 18 years old who were presented to EmergencyDepartment and Respiratory Outpatient Clinic were involvoled in this study. All subjects wereexamined for clinical signs and oxygen saturation as the gold standard. The prevalence ofhypoxemia in children with asthma in this study was 18.2%. The best single clinical predictor ofhypoxemia was tachycardia that yielded a sensitivity of 86% (95%CI: 67 – 100%) and specificityof 59% (95%CI: 49 – 71%), and nasal flaring yielded a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of79%. The combination of 2 clinical signs namely chest wall retraction-nasal flaring increased asensitivity of 79% and specificity of 71%, chest wall retraction-tachycardia increased a sensitivityof 86% and a specificity of 76%, chest wall retraction-tachypnoe increased a sensitivity of 86%and a specificity of 51%, tachycardia-tachypnoea increased a sensitivity of 79% and a specificityof 76%. The combination 3 clinical sign namely chest wall retraction-tachycardia-tachypnoeayielded a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 79%. In conclusion, chest wall retraction andtachycardia have higher diagnostic score than other clinical signs to assess hypoxemia in childrenwith asthma on acute exacerbation.Keywords: asthma - hypoxemia - clinical signs - children - assessment
Candida albicans biofilm: formation and antifungal agents resistance Tri Wibawa
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 02 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Candida sp are the most common fungal pathogens causing fatal health care associated infections.Among the genus of Candida, Candida albicans is the most frequent species isolated frompatients. The notorious C. albicans infection is the ability of this dimorphic fungus to formbiofilm. Biofilm has been pointed as a dynamic phenotypic switching in bacteria and fungi,which may result in higher morbidity and mortality in human beings. This review addresses thebasic explanation of biofilm formation which is characterized by the antifungal agents resistance.The factors that influence C. albicans biofim formation and antifungal agents resistance arediscussed.Key words: Candida sp – antifungal – resistance – biofilm - pathogenecity
Relation between participating in playgroup with child development Elsa Maimon Djauhar Ismail Mei Neni Sitaresmi
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 02 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Playgroup is one of early education programs to promote child development. A cohort study found that early education program resulted in better social performance. However this study did not evaluate the influence of this program on child development. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether participating in playgroup relates to child development achievement. This was a cross sectional study conducted on children in Yogyakarta Special Region. The subjects were children in the first month of kindergarten. The child development was tested using Denver II. Other data were collected by questioners and filled by their parents. Chi-square test was used to analyze the factorsthat influenced the child development. One hundred and seventy two children participated in the study. It was found that the development achievement of children participating in playgroup were 3.2 times better than those not participating in playgroup (p=0.002; OR: 3.248; 95% CI: 1.558-6.774), whereas gender, education of parents, number of slibings, and birth weight were not associated with the child development achievement. In conclusion, joining the playgroup relates to the child achievement development.Keywords: playgroup - child development - Denver II test - kindergarten - education
Onset of menarche: differences between urban and rural community in Tangerang District, Banten Province, Indonesia Dewi Darmawati Sunartini Hapsara Suryono Yudha Patria
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 02 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

The transition of physical and sexual maturation in becoming an adult occurs in adolescenceperiod. This transition runs in parallel with the development of cognitive, emotional, socialcultural and adaptation ability. Girls sexual maturity is marked by first menstruation (menarche)which is the most important phase of reproductive development. The relationship betweenmenarche and growth rate of body height is very close. The menarche occurs when the growthrate of the body height begins to decline. Many factors influence the onset of menarche i.e.physical activity, nutritional intake, socio economic and environmental conditions and availabilityof medical services. These factors vary between rural and urban area. Girls in urban area tend tohave modest life style compared with their counterpart in rural area. The purpose of this studywas to compare the onset of menarche of girls in urban and rural area, and to identify factorsthat influence the onset of menarche. This was a cross sectional study involving 220 girlsstudents of elementary school from both urban and rural area in Tangerang District, BantenProvince. The mean onset of menarche of all subjects was 11.46 ± 0.99 years, while the meanonset of menarche of girls who live in rural area (11.87±0.99 years) was significantly slowerthan girls who live in urban area (11.05±0.80 years) (p=0.01). The birth body weight and birthbody length, physical activity and environment condition significantly influenced the onset ofmenarche. The girls who live in urban areas had an earlier predictor factors to achieve for onsetof menarche than those who live in rural areas (OR: 3.34 [95% CI: 1.911 to 5.823] and aOR:2.95 [95% CI: 1.410 - 6.012]).Keywords: menarche - growth spurt - sexual maturity - urban - rural community
Multiple mini punch grafts for extensive ulcer: a case report Yohanes Widodo Wirohadidjojo
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 02 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Multiple mini punch grafts is the placing of mini size of full thickness skins on to ulcer bed. Theyconsist of epidermal and dermal component composed with hair follicles and other skin appendiceswhere epidermal stem cells are located. The epidermal stem cells are the best source of epidermalcells in reconstruction of skin equivalent that is usually used for replacing classic split thicknessskin graft in recovering extensive ulcer. In this article, the application of multiple mini punchgrafts onto extensive ulcer is reported. A case of extensive ulcer was suffered by a 6-year-oldboy whose left foot is injured in a traffic accident. His toes had already been amputated bysurgeon but a classic skin graft failed to recover the ulcer. Multiple mini punch grafts had beenharvested from his inguinal and buttock skin and they were placed onto his ulcer. Pre and postmini punch grafting photographs were reviewed. After eight weeks, placed multiple mini punchtissues onto large ulcer reveals lateral extensions and more than 90% of epithelialization. Multiplemini punch grafts can be used as a method to cover large ulcer.Key words: mini punch grafts-large ulcer-epithelialization-epidermal-stem cells
The risk factors of urinary tract infection among elementary school students in Sleman District, Yogyakarta Special Region Arya Agustino Purba Pungky Ardhani Suryana Yudha Patria, Tonny Sadjimin
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 02 (2012)
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Abstract

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the second commonest acterial infection in Indonesian children after respiratory tract infection. In order to establish early diagnosis of UTI, it is important to recognize the risk factors of UTI in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associationbetween circumcision, personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, nutritional status, parents’ educational level, socioeconomic status, constipation, and class attendance with incident of UTI and to determine its prevalence in elementary school students in Depok and Ngaglik SubDistricts, Sleman District, Yogyakarta Special Region. It was a case-control study using stratified random sampling. Controls were matched with case groups based on school grade and gender. An early screening of UTI using dipstick was conducted, and continued with urine culture toconfirm microorganims infection. The association between the risk factors and the incident of UTI was evaluated using a questionnaire for the students or their parents. Prevalence of UTI in elementary school students in Sleman District was 9.96% with pathogenic microorganisms namely Klebsiella (44.1%), Echerichia coli (31.2%), and Pseudomonas (24.7%). Circumcision (OR=8.00; 95%CI=2.115-193.91; p=0.039) was statistically significant as protective factor ofUTI. Furthermore, poor personal hygiene (aOR = 4.314; 95% CI = 2.202-8.451; p = 0.000) and poor environmental sanitation (aOR = 2.481; 95% CI = 1.264-4.872; p = 0.008) were the high risk factors of UTI, whereas lower socioeconomic status and lower educational level of theparents were not significant risk factors of UTI. Other factors i.e. poor/fair nutritional status, constipation and class attendance were not risk factors of UTI. In conclusion, the prevalence of UTI in elementary school students in Sleman District is 9.96%. Circumcision is a protectivefactor of UTI, whereas poor personal hygiene and poor environmental sanitation are proven as risk factors of UTI.Keywords: urinary tract infection - risk factors - protective factor - elementary school students- pathogenic microorganism
Efficacy of ketamine gargle 40 mg and benzydamine HCl 0.075% in reducing post intubation sore throat Eko Bambang Subekti MuhdarAbubakar Djayanti Sari
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 02 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Sore throat is a frequent complication in postoperative patients under general anesthesia whichis performed with endotracheal tube intubation. This effect occurs because of mucosal irritationand damage and airways inflammation due to a lubricant gel on laryngoscopy or an emphasis ofendotracheal tube cuff. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of ketamine 40 mggargle with benzydamine HCl 0.075% gargle in reducing post intubation of sore throat prior tothe insertion of endotracheal tube. A prospective randomized double blind controlled clinicaltrial enrolled patients aged 18-50 years with physical status of ASA I and II whounderwent elective surgery with general anesthesia in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta.Subjects were divided into 2 groups. 50 patients of group A were given 30 mL ketamine gargle40 mg and 51 patients of group B were given 30mL benzydamine HCl gargle 0.075%. The sorethroat was measured whenever the patients were fully awake, 2 hours and 4 hours post-extubationwith Canbay score (no pain, mild pain, moderate pain and severe pain). There was a significantdifference (p<0.01) in sore throat incidence of both groups especially at fully awake and 2hours post-extubation; 20% in group A versus 66.7% in group B at fully awake and 16% ingroup A versus 58,8% in group B at 2 hours of post-extubation. However, there was not anysignificant difference in sore throat incidence of both groups at 4 hours post-extubation(p=0.394). In conclusion, giving ketamine gargle 40 mg 5 minutes before intubation is moreefficient in reducing sore throat after endotracheal tube-general anesthesia compared withbenzydamine HCl 0.075% at fully awake and 2 hours post-extubation.Keywords : endotracheal tube - sore throat - ketamine gargle - benzydamine HCl gargle
The effect of a formulation containing honey, black cumin, propolis and royal jelly on blood glucose level and pancreatic -cells of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats Sunyoto, Umi Mahmudah, Sindu Oktivasari,Eti Nurwening Sholikhah Setyo Purwono,Sitarina Widyarini,Mus
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 02 (2012)
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Abstract

A formulation containing 40% of honey, 30% of black cumin, 20% of propolis and 10% of royaljelly has been available in the market for the treatment of diabetes. Although each content ofthe formulation is proven to possess antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activities, its combinationeffect has not been evaluated yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thisformulation on blood glucose level and pancreatic -cells of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabeticrats. Thirty six male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) aged 11 weeks with body weight 100-150 gwere used in this study. The rats were divided into 6 groups with 6 rats in each group. Group 1was non diabetic rats that were given aquadest. Group 2 was diabetic rats that were givenaquadest. Group 3 was diabetic rats that were given metformin at dose of 45 mg/kg BW. Group4-6 were diabetic rats that were given formulation tested at dose of 3, 6 and 12 mL/kg BW,respectively. All rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ at 60 mg/kg BW anddiabetic rats were then orally administered the formulation tested or metformin twice daily for14 days. Blood glucose level was monitored on day 10 and 17 after STZ induction. Rats weresacrificed and pancreas samples were taken for histopathological examination. The results showedthat the blood glucose level decreased significantly after seven days of treatment with metforminor fomulation tested and continued after 14 days of treatment. The blood glucose level ofdiabetic rats after 14 days of treatment returned to the normal level. The vacuolization of thepancreatic -cells of diabetic rats treated with metformin or with formulation tested were lowerthan untreated diabetic rats but still higher than non diabetic rats. In conclusion, the formulationtested has antihyperglicemic and protective effect on -cells damage in diabetic rats.Keywords: diabetic rats - honey - black cumin - propolis - royal jelly - antihyperglicemic

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