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Brigitta Laksmi Paramita
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Biota: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati
Published by Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta
ISSN : 25273221     EISSN : 2527323X     DOI : doi.org/10.24002/biota
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
Biota: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati merupakan jurnal ilmiah yang memuat hasil-hasil penelitian, kajian-kajian pustaka dan berita-berita terbaru tentang ilmu dan teknologi kehayatian (biologi, bioteknologi dan bidang ilmu yang terkait). Biota terbit pertama kali bulan Juli 1995 dengan ISSN 0853-8670. Biota terbit tiga nomor dalam satu tahun (Februari, Juni, dan Oktober).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 22 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 14, No 2 (2009): June 2009" : 22 Documents clear
The Life Cycle and Sensitivity of the Local Copepod, Apocyclops sp to Tributyltin Exposure D. Sumilat, J. Rimper, Inneke F.M. Rumengan,N.D. Rumampuk,
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 14, No 2 (2009): June 2009
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (80.713 KB) | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v14i2.2367

Abstract

Uji toksisitas tributiltin secara akut telah dicobakan pada kopepoda tropis Apocyclops sp. yang diisolasi dari tambak Manembo-nembo Bitung, Sulawesi Utara. Kopepoda dikultur dalam kondisi laboratorium (25-27oC, 30 ppt dan tanpa penerangan) dengan pemberian mikroalga Nannochloropsis oculata sebagai pakan. Semua individu kopepoda yang digunakan sebagai hewan uji berasal dari sepasang induk jantan dan betina. Kopepoda untuk eksperimen tributiltin (TBT) diberi perlakuan dalam air laut dan selama eksperimen tidak diberi pakan, dan larutan stok TBT-Cl dilarutkan dalam aseton. Pengaruh starvasi (tanpa pemberian pakan) dan aseton diamati sebelum uji toksisitas TBT dilakukan. Setiap eksperimen, 10 kopepoda dewasa (5 jantan dan 5 betina) dari satu kohort dimasukkan ke dalam cawan petri (diameter 3 cm) berisi masing-masing 10 ml air laut. Ternyata perlakuan tanpa pemberian pakan tidak mempengaruhi kopepoda selama periode eksperimen. Dalam uji toksisitas TBT, hanya 3 individu yang dapat bertahan sampai akhir eksperimen (8 jam) walaupun dengan konsentrasi terendah (0.0001 ng.l-1). Kebanyakan individu telah mati sebelum 8 jam diekspos ke konsentrasi TBT 0.01 ng.l-1. Pada konsentrasi TBT yang lebih tinggi (0.1 dan 1 ng.l-1), tingkat kelulusan hidup kopepoda hanya 50% dalam waktu kurang dari satu jam, sedangkan kopepoda yang sisa masih hidup semuanya sebelum mati jam ke-4 yang diberi perlakukan. Dalam uji toksisitas ini, semua konsentrasi yang dicobakan ternyata lebih kecil dari rata-rata konsentrasi TBT di alam (10 ng.l-1). Kisaran konsentrasi TBT yang lebih lebar masih perlu diuji-cobakan untuk mengklarifikasi efek akut TBT agar dapat diperoleh konsentrasi untuk uji toksisitas secara kronis.
Karakterisasi, Pengaruh Sumber Nitrogen dan Karbon terhadap Produktivitas Enzim Lipase Rhizopus microsporus var oligosporus UICC 550 Mangunwardoyo, Wibowo; Lusini, Yuyun; Gandjar, Indrawati
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 14, No 2 (2009): June 2009
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (166.947 KB) | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v14i2.2689

Abstract

Effect of nitrogen and carbon source on the production of extracellular lipase by R.microsporus var. oligosporus UICC 550 was studied. The enzyme activity was alsocharacterized in terms of temperature, pH, stability at room temperature, and effectof divalent ion. The amount of 2.5% (w/v) of olive oil as carbon sources and 5% (w/v)peptone as nitrogen sources were the optimum for production of lipase enzyme.Partial purifications using ammonium sulfate followed by dialysis showed that at pH6.5 and temperature 35oC was the optimum condition, respectively. The stability(remaining up to 80% of the optimum enzyme) was recorded at pH 6.5 after 24 hoursincubation at room temperature. The optimum activity remained 40% of the after onehour incubation at 35oC. Divalent ions concentration at 1 mM, Zn2+, Cu2+, Mg2+ andFe2+ inhibited the lipolytic activity.
Insecticidal Activity of Extracellular Protein of PRU8 Isolate against Tenebrio molitor Larvae Akhdiya, Alina; Pratiwi, Etty; Samudra, I Made
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 14, No 2 (2009): June 2009
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (233.506 KB) | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v14i2.2684

Abstract

Sel ataupun supernatan bebas sel dari kultur cair isolat bakteri entomopatogen PRU8 memiliki toksisitas tinggi terhadap larva Tenebrio molitor. Bioesei protein ekstrasel kasar hasil pengendapan amonium sulfat menunjukkan bahwa toksisitas tertinggi terdapat pada protein yang diendapkan pada kejenuhan amonium sulfat 70%. Pemurnian protein menggunakan kolom Hi Prep 16/60 Sephacryl S-200 HR menghasilkan satu fraksi protein toksin. Mortalitas larva uji yang disuntik dengan 19,2 nanogram toksin murni mencapai 71%. Uji toksisitas menggunakan toksin murni menunjukkan bahwa toksin tersebut termasuk kelompok toksin tipe injeksi. Berdasarkan analisa SDS-PAGE toksin tersebut tersusun atas dua protein dengan berat molekul 116,25 dan 66,24 kDa
Pengaruh Suhu Annealing dan Konsentrasi MgCl2 terhadap Spesifisitas Amplikon dengan Primer CSSM018 Indriawati, Indriawati; Margawati, Endang T.
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 14, No 2 (2009): June 2009
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (174.26 KB) | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v14i2.2683

Abstract

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique of DNA amplification which its success depends on the wider range of several factors, e.g., the annealing temperatures and MgCl2 concentrations. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of annealing temperatures and MgCl2 concentrations on the amplicon specificity of CSSM018 primer. Annealing temperatures of 50oC to 60oC were used in this study while MgCl2 concentrations were in the range of 1.0mM to 2.5 mM. DNA genome of Garut sheep was used as DNA template. PCR products were visualized by a method of 8% ND PAGE. The findings showed that the annealing temperature of 60oC presented the most specific band of the CSSM018 primer at the right size of 116-134bp. Annealing temperatures that were less than 60oC showed the weaker and non-specific bands. A concentration of 1.25 mM MgCl2 showed the best band of the CSSM018 primer with size of 116-134bp. While concentrations of 1.5; 1.75; 2.0 and 2.5 mM MgCl2 showed sharper with some bands seemed noisy, those indicated non-specific products. This study suggests that annealing temperature of 60oC and MgCl2 concentration of 1.25 mM resulted specific amplicon for CSSM018 primer.
Struktur Anatomi Epidermis Daun Lima Kultivar Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Berdasarkan Resistensinya terhadap Jamur Tepung (Sphaerotheca fuliginea Poll) Maryani, Maryani; Prabawani, Ratri Lila; Daryono, Budi Setiadi
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 14, No 2 (2009): June 2009
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (344.435 KB) | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v14i2.2688

Abstract

Powdery mildews are plant diseases caused by fungi, including Sphaerotheca fuliginea Poll. They cause a decrease on leaves health. Plant resistance to Sphaerotheca fuliginea Poll. might have a relationship to leaf anatomical structure, especially to epidermis. Therefore, the aim of this research was to characterize epidermal leaf structure of resistant and susceptible cultivars. This study used two resistant cultivars (PI 371795 and PMAR), one susceptible cultivar (Action 434) and two other cultivars (Fresh 848 and Sakata 144) which are not known their characteristic to powdery mildews. The fifth leaves (counted from the cotyledon) were collected from melon plants which reached early generative development. Leaf epidermal slides were prepared semi permanently. The results showed that the morphological leaves of resistant cultivars have dendatus leaf edges, while the susceptible one has repandus leaf edges. Anatomically, the leaves of PI 371795 had upper epidermal cells with wavy edges, but not in the others. Both PI 371795 and PMAR 5 had irregular shape of lower epidermal cells with curved edges, while leaf epidermal cells from susceptible cultivar tended to have irregular polygonal upper and lower epidermal cells with straight edges and shorter non-glandular trichomes. PMAR 5 had long glandular trichomes. There was significant difference between cultivars in the average of stomata number, the average of stomata index and trichome number on the lower epidermal tissue, but not on the lower epidermal tissue. In the lower epidermis, PI 371 and PMAR 5 had lower average of stomata number and stomata index compared to Action 434. PMAR 5 had higher number of trichomes than susceptible cultivar (Action 434). Meanwhile, Fresh 848 cultivar tends to have similar characters to resistant ones in terms of leaf edges, lower epidermal shape, stomata number and index. Sakata 144 had similar characters to those the susceptible one in terms on leaf edges, lower epidermal cells shape, stomata number and index, but not in trichome number. It may be assumed that the first protection of melon against S. fuliginea Poll. is located on lower epidermal tissue.
Era Emas Biologi Atmodjo, P. Kianto
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 14, No 2 (2009): June 2009
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (23.339 KB) | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v14i2.2692

Abstract

Selamat datang dalam era emas biologi! Setiap hari berita-berita yang berkaitan dengan biologi selalu bermunculan melalui koran harian, mingguan, dan berita-berita yang disiarkan media elektronika. Pemanfaatan biologi untuk bidang industri manufaktur, pertanian, kesehatan, farmasi dan makanan tidak pernah ada habisnya. Hal yang paling hangat adalah pemanfaat teknologi asam deoksi ribonukleat untuk penentuan jati diri teroris yang terbunuh dalam penyergapan di Temanggung apakah Nordin M Top atau bukan, penentuan jati diri korban ledakan bom atau kebakaran, serta penentuan jati diri korban kecelakaan pesawat, merupakan contoh-contoh peran biologi dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat modern, dan inilah yang dimaksud era emas biologi oleh Reece dan Simon dalam pengantar buku Essential Biology With Physiology.
KERAGAMAN JENIS JAMUR ENDOFIT PADA PANDAN WANGI (PANDANUS AMARYLIFOLIUS) DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIJAMUR METABOLIT YANG DIPRODUKSINYA Jamal, Yuliasri; Ilyas, Muhamad; Kanti, Atit; Agusta, Andria
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 14, No 2 (2009): June 2009
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (351.303 KB) | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v14i2.2685

Abstract

The whole nine isolates of endophytic fungi have been obtained from leaves and roots of pandan wangi (Pandanus amarylifolius) collected from Bogor Botanical Garden. Identification of the fungi isolates were conducted based on their morphological characteristics, and revealed that one fungus belongs to the genus of Fusarium, one of Dreschlera, and 7 fungi isolates belong to Coelomycetes. The ethyl acetate extract of the fungi cultures in PDB and GYP media showed a diverse secondary metabolite profiles. Ethyl acetate extract derived from the culture of PWA-2 fungus in GYP medium showed an antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but not to Fusarium oxysporum and Candida tropicalis. The GC-MS analysis of the active extract showed eugenol as an active component.
Molecular Identification of Genes Involved in Magnetosome Synthesis in Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 Wahyudi, Aris Tri
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 14, No 2 (2009): June 2009
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (267.758 KB) | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v14i2.2691

Abstract

Satu mutan Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 yang tidak bersifat magnetik, yang didesain NMA41, dikonstruksi melalui mutagenesis dengan transposon Mini-Tn5Km1 untuk mengidentifikasi gen yang terlibat dalam sintesis magnetosom. Mutagenesis dengan transposon dilakukan melalui konjugasi antara M. magneticum AMB-1 dan Escherichia coli S17-1 ( pir) yang membawa plasmid pUTmimi-Tn5Km1. Frekuensi transkonjugasi tertinggi berkisar 1.8 x 10-7 sel per resipien. NMA41 tidak respon terhadap bidang magnet dan kehilangan kemampuan dalam mensintesis magnetosom. Sekuens DNA/gen yang disisipi oleh transposon (dinamakan DNA pengapit) diisolasi dengan PCR yang dibalik (inverse PCR) dan diklon ke dalam plasmid pCR2.1. Penyejajaran sekuen DNA dari DNA pengapit terhadap sekuens DNA genom lengkap AMB-1 dapat mengidentifikasi sebuah kerangka baca terbuka (open reading frame, ORF2) dalam suatu operon yang terdiri dari 4 gen. Sekuen asam amino yang dideduksi dari ORF2 menunjukkan homologinya dengan protein domain GGDEF dari Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum MS-1 (identik 90%; kemiripan 95%) yang mempunyai fungsi dalam mekanisme transduksi sinyal. Gen atau operon ini diduga berfungsi selama proses sintesis magnetosom pada M. magneticum AMB-1.
Induksi Mutasi Curcuma zedoaria (Christm) Roscoe dengan Irradiasi Sinar Gamma Poerba, Yuyu Suryasari; Martanti, Diah
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 14, No 2 (2009): June 2009
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (306.515 KB) | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v14i2.2686

Abstract

Curcuma zedoaria (Zingiberaceae) is one of Curcuma spp. used as stomachic,carminative, haematic and styptic medicines. Dried rhizomes of C. zedoaria containessential oil and curcuminoids. Induced mutation of this species would provide andhelp plant breeders to improve and select better quality of the plant. The presentstudy was carried out to determine LD-50% of gamma irradiation of C. zedoaria, toinduce genetic variation using gamma irradiation, and to assess genetic diversityamong mutant genotypes using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)markers. The LD-50% of gamma irradiation was achieved at 813.32 rad. Chlorophyllmutations were recorded at vM1 and vM2. Result of genetic analysis showed thatRAPD profiles were different from that of the control, and genetic dissimilaritiesamong mutant genotypes were higher than that of the control.
THE LIFE CYCLE AND SENSITIVITY OF THE LOCAL COPEPOD, APOCYCLOPS SP TO TRIBUTYLTIN EXPOSURE Rumengan, Inneke F.M.; Rumampuk, N.D.; Sumilat, D.; Rimper, J.
Biota : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati Vol 14, No 2 (2009): June 2009
Publisher : Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (128.026 KB) | DOI: 10.24002/biota.v14i2.2690

Abstract

Uji toksisitas tributiltin secara akut telah dicobakan pada kopepoda tropis Apocyclopssp. yang diisolasi dari tambak Manembo-nembo Bitung, Sulawesi Utara. Kopepodadikultur dalam kondisi laboratorium (25-27oC, 30 ppt dan tanpa penerangan) denganpemberian mikroalga Nannochloropsis oculata sebagai pakan. Semua individukopepoda yang digunakan sebagai hewan uji berasal dari sepasang induk jantan danbetina. Kopepoda untuk eksperimen tributiltin (TBT) diberi perlakuan dalam air lautdan selama eksperimen tidak diberi pakan, dan larutan stok TBT-Cl dilarutkandalam aseton. Pengaruh starvasi (tanpa pemberian pakan) dan aseton diamatisebelum uji toksisitas TBT dilakukan. Setiap eksperimen, 10 kopepoda dewasa (5jantan dan 5 betina) dari satu kohort dimasukkan ke dalam cawan petri (diameter 3cm) berisi masing-masing 10 ml air laut. Ternyata perlakuan tanpa pemberian pakantidak mempengaruhi kopepoda selama periode eksperimen. Dalam uji toksisitas TBT,hanya 3 individu yang dapat bertahan sampai akhir eksperimen (8 jam) walaupundengan konsentrasi terendah (0.0001 ng.l-1). Kebanyakan individu telah mati sebelum8 jam diekspos ke konsentrasi TBT 0.01 ng.l-1. Pada konsentrasi TBT yang lebihtinggi (0.1 dan 1 ng.l-1), tingkat kelulusan hidup kopepoda hanya 50% dalam waktukurang dari satu jam, sedangkan kopepoda yang sisa masih hidup semuanya sebelummati jam ke-4 yang diberi perlakukan. Dalam uji toksisitas ini, semua konsentrasiyang dicobakan ternyata lebih kecil dari rata-rata konsentrasi TBT di alam (10 ng.l-1).Kisaran konsentrasi TBT yang lebih lebar masih perlu diuji-cobakan untukmengklarifikasi efek akut TBT agar dapat diperoleh konsentrasi untuk uji toksisitassecara kronis.

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