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Dialektika kontemporer
Published by Universitas Negeri Makassar
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Core Subject : Social,
Social Sciences
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Articles 2 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 10, No 2 (2022): Juli – December 2022" : 2 Documents clear
Robert Nozick’s Minimal State: A Critique Augustine Terhide Maashin
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol 10, No 2 (2022): Juli – December 2022
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Abstract

The book, Anarchy, State and Utopia by Robert Nozick’s is his most celebrated work in which the author discusses his political thoughts. His theory of Justice (The Entitlement Theory) and the Minimal State constitute the major themes in this book. Against John Rawl’s theory of justice which is distributive in nature, Nozick develops his theory of justice which he terms “entitlement theory”,a theory thatplaces emphasis on actual consent rather than rationality as the basis of political control which is actualized in the minimal state. For Nozick, the minimal state is the only morally justifiable form of government. This contention rests upon his understanding of the separateness of each person, the existence of inviolable rights, and the side constraint that these rights impose on the behaviour of others. Nozick claims that persons are rational, they are moral agents, and they have free will. In addition, they have the ability to regulate and guide their lives in accordance with some overall conception of their choice. His advocacy of a minimalist state limited to the protection of the people against theft, fraud and the enforcement of contract, his emphasis on the exclusive right to own property, rejection of coercive taxation, rejection of the provision of public social amenities amongst others is flawed and constitutes a problem in this regard. This paper concludes that, the kind of state envisaged by Nozick is utopia. However the good elements of his theory can be modified to make for the kind of state that prioritizes individual rights. 
Divine Reality and the Principle of Sufficient Reason: A Philosophical Analysis Peter Ottuh; Onos Idjakpo
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol 10, No 2 (2022): Juli – December 2022
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Abstract

The cosmological postulation that there cannot be an “effect” without a “cause” is the underlying predicate of the Principle of Sufficient Reason (PSR). PSR states that everything must have a sufficient reason, cause, or foundation. Some theologians consider the above notions to be fideism, preferring to think that God's knowledge is founded on human reason, whereas “intelligent design” is a two-tiered argument that uses design to show the existence of a “Divine Realty” (God). Reality is subjective and is built indirectly depending on human perspective. The paper, therefore, aimed to philosophically analyze the Principle of Sufficient Reason to explain the notion of a divine reality. This analytical philosophical research employs the descriptive and conceptual analysis approaches and reveals that PSR, like other concepts, is not only improbable, but is also contradictory to divine knowledge. It concludes that although PSR uses contradictory terms such as “necessity” and “contingency” and fails to provide adequate justification for the existence of a divine reality, it could be justified that a “Divine Reality” (God or necessary being) must have a “sufficient reason” to exist.

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