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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 02159945     EISSN : 27747832     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15294/ijmns
Core Subject : Education,
Mathematics
The scope of the journal includes the following areas of research: Natural Sciences, Mathematics, and Applied Sciences
Arjuna Subject : Matematika - Matematika (Lain-Lain)
Articles 14 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 41, No 2 (2018): October 2018" : 14 Documents clear
Potensi Eugenol Sebagai Agen Proteksi Kerusakan Struktur Paru Akibat Paparan Asap Rokok
Indonesian Journal of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Vol 41, No 2 (2018): October 2018
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijmns.v41i2.16748

Abstract

Asap rokok mengandung senyawa radikal bebas tidak stabil yang menyebabkan stres oksidatif. Stres oksidatif berhubungan dengan respon inflamasi yang menjadi awal dari ppok. Eugenol adalah senyawa aktif yang terkandung pada minyak cengkeh. Eugenol merupakan antioksidan eksogen yang mampu menetralisir radikal bebas sehingga dapat dijadikan agen proteksi kerusakan akibat paparan radikal bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisi potensi eugenol sebagai agen proteksi pada kerusakan paru tikus akibat paparan asap rokok. Sampel 25 tikus dibagi menjadi lima kelompok. Kelompok A0 dan A1 masing-masing adalah kelompok kontrol negatif dan positif. Kelompok A2, A3, A4 adalah kelompok perlakuan dengan minyak cengkeh berturut-turut dosis 23mg; 33mg; dan 43 mg/200g BB. Semua kelompok kecuali kontrol negatif, dipapar dengan asap rokok 2×15 menit. Perlakuan selama 33 hari. Spesimen paru kanan dibuat preparat histologi dengan pewarnaan HE. Data berupa perbandingan derajat kerusakan paru pada masing-masing kelompok dianalisis dengan Kruskal-Wallis dan Mann Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minyak cengkeh dengan kandungan senyawa aktif eugenol berpotensi sebagai agen proteksi pada kerusakaan paru tikus akibat paparan asap rokok dengan dosis efektif sebesar 23 mg/200g BB.Cigarette smoke contains unstable free radical compounds that can cause oxidative stress. Oxidative stress related to inflammation respons that can lead of COPD. Eugenol is an active compound contained in clove oil. Eugenol is an exogenous antioxidant that can neutralize free radicals so that it can be used as a protective agent of damage due to exposure to free radicals. The purpose of this research is to analyze the potential of eugenol as a protective agent in rat lung damage due to exposure to cigarette smoke. Samples of 25 rats were divided into five groups. Groups A0 and A1 are negative and positive control. Group A2, A3, A4 are a group treated with clove oil at a dose of 23 mg; 33mg; and 43 mg / 200g BB. All groups except negative controls were exposed to cigarette smoke 2x15 minutes. Treatment for 33 days. The right lung specimen was made histological preparations with the HE method. Data in the form of a comparison of the degree of lung damage in each group were analyzed by Kruskal wallis and Mann Whitney. he results showed that clove oil with the active ingredient eugenol had the potential to be a protective agent for lung damage due to exposure to cigarette smoke with an effective dose of 23 mg/200g BB.
Preparasi Kitosan dari Cangkang Keong Sawah (Pila ampullacea) asal Persawahan ‘Aerbauk’ Desa Oesao, Kabupaten Kupang untuk Adsorpsi Timbal (II)
Indonesian Journal of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Vol 41, No 2 (2018): October 2018
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijmns.v41i2.18085

Abstract

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pembuatan kitosan dari cangkang keong sawah untuk adsorpsi timbal(II).Cangkang keong sawah (Pila ampullacea) merupakan limbah pertanian yang keberadaannya melimpah di area persawahan.Dari limbah ini dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi biomaterial kitosan untuk pemanfaatan yang lebih luas.Salah satu contohnya adalah mekanisme adsorpsi dimana prinsipnya adalah memanfaatkan limbah untuk mengolah limbah. Metode adsorpsi digunakan untuk menguji kemampuan kitosan cangkang keong sawah dalam menyerap ion logam Pb 2+ sebagai sumber pencemar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cangkang keong sawah (Pila ampullacea) dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan kitosan dilihat dari gugus fungsi dan struktur kisikitosan. Berdasarkan data FT-IR maka kitosan keong sawah memiliki gugus fungsi –NH, -OH yang ditandai dengan serapan yang muncul pada bilangan gelombang 3429,96 cm -1 (tumpang tindih gugus –NH dan –OH) serta 1649,79 cm -1 (ciri khas dari kitosan menunjukan vibrasi tekuk –N–H). Diperkuat dengan data X-RD yang menunjukkan kitosan cangkang keong sawah berbentuk kristal karena memiliki puncak difraktogram yang tajam (nilai 2Ɵ). Kapasitas adsorpsi cangkang keong sawah adalah 0,355 mg g -1 pada lama waktu kotak antara adsorben dan adsorbat 240 menit.Research has been conducted on the manufacture of chitosan from rice conch shells for adsorption of lead(II). Rice conch shell (Pila ampullacea) is an agricultural waste that is abundant in the rice fields. From this waste, it can be utilized as chitosan biomaterial for wider utilization. One example is the adsorption mechanism where the principle is to use waste to treat waste. The adsorption method was used to test the ability of rice conch shell chitosan to absorb Pb 2+ metal as a pollutant source. The results showed that rice conch shells (Pila ampullacea) could be used as the base material for chitosan production seen from the functional groups and lattice structures of chitosan. Based on FT-IR data, the rice conch chitosan has a functional group –NH, -OH which is characterized by absorption that appears at wave numbers 3429.96 cm -1 (overlapping –NH and –OH groups) and 1649.79 cm -1 (the characteristic of chitosan shows bending vibrations –N –H). Reinforced with X-RD data which shows a rice conch shell chitosan in the form of a crystal because it has a sharp diffractogram (value 2Ɵ). The adsorption capacity of rice conch shells is 0.355 mg g -1 at the time of the box between the adsorbent and the 240 minute adsorbate.
Keanekaragaman Odonata pada Habitat Perairan dan Padang Rumput di Telaga Madirda
Indonesian Journal of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Vol 41, No 2 (2018): October 2018
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijmns.v41i2.19211

Abstract

Studi keanekaragaman capung dapat membantu dalam konservasi makhluk hidup. Capung pada tahap dewasa dapat dengan mudah dijumpai dan diamati. Capung memiliki peran penting dalam ekosistem yaitu sebagai predator. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragman capung di Telaga  Madirda pada habitat perairan (telaga) dan padang rumput. Metode penelitian menggunakan titik sampling dan dilakukan pehitungan cacah individu secara langsung. Data dianalisis dengan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wienner(H’) dan indeks kemerataan Evennes (E). Hasil penelitian didapatkan 19  spesies capung dari 5 famili. 12 spesies termasuk dalam subordo Anisoptera dan 7 Spesies masuk dalam subordo Zygoptera. Ditemukan satu spesies capung endemik jawa yaitu Rhinocypha fenestrata. Indeks keanekaragaman Shanoon-Wienner (H’) pada habitat perairan 2,11 dan pada habitat padang rumput 0,93,  yang menunjukkan bahwa keanekaragaman pada habitat perairan dalam kategori sedang dan habitat padang rumput dalam kategori rendah.The study of dragonfly diversity can help in the conservation of living things. Dragonflies in the adult stage can be easily found and observed. Dragonflies have an important role in the ecosystem, namely as predators. The study aimed to find out the dragonfly diversity in Madirda Lake in aquatic and grassland habitats. The research method uses sampling points and counts individual counts directly. Data were analyzed by the Shannon-Wienner (H ') diversity index and Evennes (E) evenness index. The results of the study showed 19 species of dragonflies from 5 families. 12 species are included in the Anisoptera suborder and 7 species are included in the Zygoptera suborder. One endemic Java dragonfly species was found, Rhinocypha fenestrata. The Shanoon-Wienner (H ’) diversity index in 2.11 aquatic habitats and on grassland habitats 0.93, which shows that diversity in aquatic habitats is in the medium category and grassland habitat is in the low category.
Efek Paparan Logam Berat Terhadap Kadar Malondialdehida dan Aktivitas Katalase Ikan Mas dan Ikan Nila di Sungai Kaligarang
Indonesian Journal of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Vol 41, No 2 (2018): October 2018
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ijmns.v41i2.16625

Abstract

Sampah domestik, aktivitas industri, dan proses pertanian berkontribusi terhadap cemaran logam berat seperti Pb, Cd dan Hg di perairan Sungai Kaligarang. Cemaran logam berat menimbulkan terjadinya stres oksidatif, yaitu ketidakseimbangan antara oksidan dan antioksidan. Indikator stres oksidatif adalah malondialdehida (MDA) dan enzim katalase (CAT). Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan crossectional untuk mengetahui kandungan Pb, Cd dan Hg serta aktivitas enzim CAT dan MDA pada organ hati ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio L.) dan ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus L.), yang dipelihara dalam Karamba Jaring Apung (KJA) di sungai Kaligarang, Semarang. Analisis kadar Cd, Pb dan Hg menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Aktivitas katalase dan kadar MDA ditentukan menggunakan spektrofotometer. Uji normalitas data mengunakan Shapiro-wilk (p0,05). Perbedaan kadar Pb, Cd dan Hg antara ikan mas dan ikan nila dianalisis menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan, dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Data yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kadar logam berat Pb, Cd dan Hg serta kadar MDA mengalami peningkatan di dalam organ hati dari minggu ke-2, ke-4 dan ke-6. Aktivitas enzim katalase meningkat dari minggu ke-2 ke minggu ke-4 dan menurun pada mingu ke-6. Logam berat Pb, Cd dan Hg perairan berpengaruh terhadap kadar Pb, Cd dan Hg ikan nila, tetapi tidak berpenaruh terhadap Pb ikan mas. Logam berat Pb, Cd dan Hg diduga penyebab terbentuknya ROS dan berakibat timbulnya stres oksidatif. Katalase merupakan enzim antioksidan yang dapat digunakan sebagai biomarker stress oksidatif dan toksistas logam berat pada ikan air tawar, serta indikator yang sensitif terhadap cemaran perairan. Domestic waste, industrial activities, and agricultural processes contribute to heavy metal contamination such as Pb, Cd and Hg in Kaligarang river. Heavy metal contamination causes oxidative stress, which is an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants. Indicators of oxidative stress are catalase enzymes (CAT) and malondealdehyde (MDA). This research is a descriptive crossectional approach to determine the content of Cd, Pb and Hg and the activity of catalase enzymes and malondeladehide (MDA) in goldfish (Cyprinus carpio L.) and parrot fish (Oreochromis niloticus L.), which were kept in floating net cages on the Kaligarang river. Fish which were used in this research were 2.5 months old, the weight were 19-25 grams, and the average of body length were 8-12 cm. Fish samples were 20 goldfish and 20 parrot fish. Analysis of Cd, Pb and Hg levels used Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Catalase activity was determined used a spectrophotometer with 240nm wavelength. Whereas MDA determination used spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 532-534 nm. Data normality test was determined using Shapiro-wilk (p 0.05). Differences levels of Pb, Cd and Hg between goldfish and parrot fish were analyzed using unpaired t test, with a 95% confidence level. Statistical analysis was determined using SPSS for windows 17.0. The data which was obtained showed that the levels of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Hg, and MDA experienced an increase in liver since the 2nd, 4th and 6th weeks. Catalase enzyme activities increased from 2nd until 4th week and decreased in 6th week. Heavy metals of Pb, Cd and Hg affect the levels of Pb, Cd and Hg of parrot fish, but didnot not affect in goldfish. Heavy metals of Pb, Cd and Hg are thought to be the cause of ROS formation and result in oxidative stress. Catalase is an antioxidant enzyme that can be used as a biomarker of oxidative stress and heavy metal toxicity in freshwater fish, as well as sensitive indicators in water contamination.

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