Althea Medical Journal
Althea Medical Journal (AMJ) is a peer reviewed electronic scientific publication journal which is published every 3 months (March, June, September, and December). Althea Medical Journal publishes articles related to research in biomedical sciences, clinical medicine, family-community medicine, and public health.
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<![CDATA[Incidence of Herpes Zoster in relationship with Climate Factors from 2009 to 2011 ]]>
<![CDATA[Adinda, Herning]]>;
<![CDATA[Sandiono, Dendi]]>;
<![CDATA[Prajitno, Ihrul Prianza]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 3 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Althea Medical Journal ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Herpes zoster, or shingles, is a skin or mucous infection caused by the reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Seasonal pattern of herpes zoster incidence was reported in some countries, indicating that emergence of this disease was caused by the reactivation of latent Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) rather than new exposures to VZV. On the other hand, the VZV primary infection difference between tropical and temperate zones may have implications for virus reactivation as herpes zoster. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence of herpes zoster in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, West Java related to the change of rainfall, air temperature and humidity from 2009 to 2011.Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was carried out to 341 medical records of herpes zoster patients from Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung periode 2009 to 2011. Data on climate factors, i.e. rainfall, air temperature, and relative humidity, were obtained from the Indonesian Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency. The collected data were presented using tables and figures.Result: The highest number of herpes zoster cases occured during the period when the highest annually total rainfall and annually mean relative humidity occurred.Conclusions: The finding of this study shows that herpes zoster cases have the same pattern with the rainfall and relative humidity. These findings can inform better prevention of herpes zoster. However, further research is needed to get more comprehensive understanding on this relationship. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n3.591]]>
<![CDATA[Enteric Pathogen Bacteria in Non-Broiler Chicken Egg Shells from Traditional Market and Supermarket, Jatinangor Subdistrict, West Java ]]>
<![CDATA[Arumugam, Kavita]]>;
<![CDATA[Sudigdoadi, Sunarjati]]>;
<![CDATA[Nugraha, Gaga Irawan]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 3 (2015) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Althea Medical Journal ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Around 1.5 million of children dying annually due to diarrhea. Contaminated food is one of the sources of the diarrhea incidence (food borne diseases). Eggs are one of the least expensive forms of protein which is affordable by the community and is easily to find in either traditional or modern market/supermarkets.The objective of this study was to identify enteropathogenic bacteria contamination on non-broiler (ayam kampung) egg shell and to compare the findings between eggs sold in traditional and modern markets.Methods: This was a descriptive study performed at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran. A total of 40 eggs were used, 20 from two traditional markets and 20 from two modern markets. The eggs were swabbed using saline, dipped in tryptic soy broth and streaked on Mac Conkey agar. The collected data were analyzed and presented in tables.Results: Out of 40 samples, there were 19 positive cultures found from the traditional market and 16 from the modern market. There were 30 pink colonies indicating that they were lactose fermented, 5 transparent colonies indicated non-lactose fermentation, 4 showed no colony growth, and 1 grew an unidentified colony. The most found bacteria were Klebsiella sp. and Enterobacter sp. in both market. Conclusions: Eggs shells from traditional and modern markets are contaminated with Enteropathogenic microbes. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n3.487]]>
<![CDATA[Antidiabetic Activity of Calcium Bentonite in Alloxan Monohydrate-induced Diabetic Wistar Rat Models ]]>
<![CDATA[Alviana, Galuh]]>;
<![CDATA[Yuwono, Hendro Sudjono]]>;
<![CDATA[Sylviana, Nova]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 3 (2015) ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Calcium bentonite is a natural clay that has the ability to absorb toxins and metabolite excess substances and often referred to as healing clay because it is used traditionally. This study aimed to determine the ability of local calcium bentonite to absorp high blood glucose..Methods: This study was an experimental study using 20 female Wistar rats and divided into two groups consisting of Group I (control group, n=10) and Group II (calcium bentonite group, n=10). Diabetes in rats was induced by alloxan monohydrate 150 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally. Examination of blood glucose was performed three times; in the beginning of study, 72 hours after alloxan monohydrate induction, and four days after the given interventions. Blood glucose levels in mean values were analyzed using t-independent test. Statistically significance was considered when p<0.05.Results: Oral calcium bentonite of 1g/kg body weight significantly lowered blood glucose level relatively to the control group with average value of 131.30 mg/dl (p=0.01).Conclusions: Calcium bentonite significantly lowers blood glucose levels. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n3.562]]>
<![CDATA[Characteristics and Predisposing Factors of Bacterial Corneal Ulcer in the National Eye Center, Cicendo Eye Hospital, Bandung from January to December 2011 ]]>
<![CDATA[Putri, Astrid Maharani]]>;
<![CDATA[Heryati, Susi]]>;
<![CDATA[Nasution, Nursiah]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 3 (2015) ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Corneal ulcer is an emergency condition in ophthalmology, causing visual impairment, mostly by bacterial infection with rapid pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to discover the characteristics of bacterial corneal ulcer patients in the National Eye Center, Cicendo Eye Hospital, Bandung.Methods: A total of 99 medical records consisted of patients diagnosed with bacterial corneal ulcer were selected in this descriptive study. The clinical patterns and predisposing factors of the patients were analyzed. The study also identified the pathogenic bacteria of the cases. This study was carried out in the National Eye Center, Cicendo Eye Hospital, Bandung from January to December 2011 Clinical patterns. The collected data were analyzed and presented in frequency tabulation.Results: The male to female ratio was 2:1, with the average age of 44.4 years. The most common presenting symptom was eye pain (70.7%). Most patients came with decreased visual acuity that was categorized as (near-) blindness (78.8%) and the location of the ulcer was in central area of the cornea (56.5%). The most common predisposing factor was ocular trauma (74.7%) that was caused by exposed to plants. Single-bacterial infection (67.7%) was predominant, with 56 cases (56.6%) of Gram-positive cocci infection.Conclusions: Bacterial corneal ulcer contributes to 48.8% of all microbial corneal ulcers. Most patients came with mild condition, centralized location, and poor visual function. The common predisposing factor was trauma associated with exposed to plants. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n3.505]]>
<![CDATA[Characteristics of Patients with Estrogen Receptor (ER)-Negative, Progesterone Receptor (PR)-Negative, and HER2-Negative Invasive Breast Cancer in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia from 2010 to 2011 ]]>
<![CDATA[Kusumadjayanti, Nadytia]]>;
<![CDATA[Badudu, Dharmayanti Francisca]]>;
<![CDATA[Hernowo, Bethy S.]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 3 (2015) ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer that has been diagnosed among Indonesian women. One of the subtypes that frequently being studied is the triple negative breast cancer which has poorer prognosis among all subtypes. The objective of this study was to investigate the incidents and the characteristics of triple negative breast cancer patients.Methods: This study used triple negative breast cancer patientsâ medical records in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. Some characteristics were identified, such as age at presentation, menopause status, tumor size, stage at presentation, grades of tumor, pathological features, and metastatic status. Data were taken during 2010 and 2011 and presented in table.Results: Thirty women among 252 patients were identified as having triple negative breast cancer. Based on those 30 cases, 11 patients were in the age group of 40â55 years. Fifteen out of 30 cases were premenopausal. From 30 cases, 14 patients had tumor size bigger than 5 cm. Sixteen cases had stage III tumor. Most of the cases were invasive ductal carcinoma mammae as their histological features. Two cases had metastized to pleura.Conclusions: The incidence rate of triple negative breast cancer in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital is 11.9% with these common characteristics: range of age are between 40 to 45 years, have a premenopausal, had >5cm tumor , stage III tumor and has histological feature IDC, and only 2 patients were metastized to pleura. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n3.494]]>
<![CDATA[Factors Related to the Intention to Cigarette Smoking among Junior High School Students in Jatinangor Subdistrict, West Java ]]>
<![CDATA[Yee, Ngu Ling]]>;
<![CDATA[Sunjaya, Deni Kurniadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Karyono, RM Haryadi]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 3 (2015) ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Cigarette smoking is known to harm the health of smokers and causes the death of millions people around the world. Smoking initiation in Indonesia is begun early especially during teenagers year. The aim of the study was to analyze the factors related to the intention to cigarette smoking among Junior High School students in Jatinangor subdistrict.Methods: A quantitative method with cross sectional study was conducted in the junior high school setting during the period of September to November 2013. Inclusion criterias were students aged 13Â15 years old and did not smoke. Four factors were measured in this study, which were attitudes toward cigarette smoking, parents who smoke, peers influence and advertisement where each factor had 5 questions with âYesâ or âNoâ answers. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaire among 226 students using stratified random sampling. Statistical analysis of the variables was using chi square test.Results: As much as 44.25% of the respondents had intention and 55.75% had no intention to cigarette smoking. This study showed significant relation among attitudes, parents who smoke, peers influence and advertisements with the intention to cigarette smoking.Conclusions: Half of the respondents have intention to cigarette smoking and the most factors related to it are peers influence. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n3.528]]>
<![CDATA[Womenâs Opinion about Womenâs Rights regarding Family Planning in Hegarmanah Village, Jatinangor Subdistrict, West Java in 2013 ]]>
<![CDATA[Saw, Suzanne]]>;
<![CDATA[Syukriani, Yoni]]>;
<![CDATA[Kartamihardja, A. Hussein S. Kartamihardja]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 3 (2015) ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Universal Declaration of Human Rights stated that all mankind have equal right and dignity. Both woman and man have rights regarding family planning. It is often assumed that in developing country, women do not consider their rights in family planning decision making process. This study was carried out to determine the opinion of women regarding womenâs rights in family planning.Methods: A descriptive study was carried out to 99 respondents during the period of August to October 2013, in Hegarmanah village, Jatinangor subdistrict. The inclusion criteria were women aged 15â49 years old, able to speak Bahasa Indonesia, and agreed to participate. Variables for this study were the opinions of the respondents regarding womanâs rights in family planning which were represented in 12 questions. Collected data were presented as percentages shown in tables.Results: Most of the respondents stated that they had the rights in family planning decision making, including choosing contraceptive methods, number of children, and spacing of each child. However, all of the respondents agreed that men should be involved in it. More than half of the respondents stated that they asked opinion from family member regarding family planning especially their mothers. Cultural norms did not influence the family planning decision making. However, religion influenced the family planning decision making.Conclusions: Majority of the women in Hegarmanah village have the role to make decision on family planning by considering the opinions of their spouses, other family members, friends and their religions. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n3.526]]>
<![CDATA[Health Seeking Behavior among Patients with Tuberculosis in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia in November 2012 ]]>
<![CDATA[Putrie, Maya Valentina]]>;
<![CDATA[Ruslami, Rovina]]>;
<![CDATA[Apriani, Lika]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 3 (2015) ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital is the main referral hospital in West Java, Indonesia, treating yearly 1.000 tuberculosis cases of whom most are in severe condition. The severity of the disease is probably affected by the poor patientâs health seeking behavior.The objective of this study was to assess the pattern of patients with tuberculosisâs health seeking behavior before being treated in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung.Methods: A descriptive study was carried out in November 2012 on 56 patients in the Drug Observed Treatment Shortcourse (DOTS) Clinic at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital (RSHS) to assess the number and type of health services visited prior to RSHS. The inclusion criteria were patients who were diagnosed with TB for the first time, aged at least 19 years old. The data were collected using an open-ended questionnaire and presented as percentage.Results: A total of 32 respondents (57%) sought for initial treatment by going to professional health care centers (the medical doctors, puskesmas, or hospitals), the rests sought for traditional treatment (7%), self-treatment (29%), or no medication prior to the treatment at RSHS (7%). Fifty five percent of respondents did more than one type of health seeking behavior. The average time between the first complaint until the respondents got treatment was 5 months.Conclusions: The patients with tuberculosisâs treatment seeking behavior is various prior to the treatment at RSHS and there are still patients who seek treatments to the non-profesional health care. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n3.490]]>
<![CDATA[Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Hand washing among Street vendors in Campus of Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java from June-November 2012 ]]>
<![CDATA[Adib, Tajul Al]]>;
<![CDATA[Raksanagara, Ardini S.]]>;
<![CDATA[Hawani, Dewi]]>;
<![CDATA[Setiawati, Elsa Pudji]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 3 (2015) ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Hand washing is a moderate step in preventing communicable diseases. Communicable diseases like diarrhea and respiratory tract infection can be reduced significantly just by practicing hand washing. Most of the people already knew how to wash their hand, but some of them still did not understand the objective and the correct ways of performing hand washing. The aim of the study was to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice of hand washing among street vendors.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted to 30 street vendors at the gate of Universitas Padjadjaran Campus from June to November 2012. The inclusion criterias were street vendors involved in food preparation, cooking, mixing, and willing to participate in this study. A questionnaire was developed to identify the knowledge, attitude and practice of hand washing. The level of the variable measured was divided into 3 categories: good, moderate, and poor. The collected data were analyzed and presented in table.Results: There were 12/30 of street vendors classified as having moderate knowledge and 25/30 as having good attitude and good practice of hand washing.Conclusions: The street vendors at the gate of Universitas Padjadjaran Campus had moderate knowledge, good attitude and good practice of hand washing. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n3.500]]>
<![CDATA[Rural and Urban Differences in the Eye Health of High School Students ]]>
<![CDATA[Kusnawan, Andi]]>;
<![CDATA[Musa, Ine Renata]]>;
<![CDATA[Setiadinata, Jimmy]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 3 (2015) ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Visual impairment is a serious health problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80% of the incidence of visual impairment occurring globally could be prevented or treated. Several factors responsible for high rates of uncorrected refractive errors are the lack of awareness about the early detection on the unequal distribution regarding health services and a culture of compliance. This study was aimed to identify the differences of the level of visual acuity and self-perception of the visual functions between high school students in the urban and rural areas.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 94 high school students in two different schools, urban and rural areas during November 2012, using the simple random sampling technique. The study was performed through interviews and examination of visual acuity using Rapid Assessments of Avoidable Blindness. The collected data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test.Results: A total of 93.6% of respondents had good visual acuity. Self-perception of the visual functioning test showed that most respondents gave good answer. The statistical test using Mann-Whitney showed that there was no difference in level of visual acuity and self-perception of visual function between urban and rural students (p>0.05).Conclusions: Most of the high school students have good visual acuity and good self-perception of their visual function but there is no difference between rural and urban areas. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n3.507]]>
