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INDONESIA
Medical Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 08531773     EISSN : 22528083     DOI : 10.13181
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
This quarterly medical journal is an official scientific journal of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia in collaboration with German-Indonesian Medical Association (DIGM) Indexed in: IMSEAR; CAB Abstracts; Global Health; HINARI; DOAJ; DRJI; Google Scholar; JournalTOCs; Ulrichsweb Global Serial Directory; WorldCat; New Jour; Electronic Journals Library; ISJD Accredited (2013-2018) by DIKTI Kemendikbud Republik Indonesia (No:58/DIKTI/Kep/2013)
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 11 No. 1 (2002): January-March" : 10 Documents clear
The effect of continuous exposure to electromagnetic fïeld on four successive generations of mice
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2002): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v11i1.43

Abstract

The objective of this study is to know the biobgical effects of electromagnetic field treatment on four successive generations of mice. Fourty eight male and female mice of Swiss Webster Strain, 3 months of old, and 35 - 40 g body weight, were kept in a controlled environment and fed a standard diet. Mice were divided into 6 groups of four couples each. The first group was exposed to electromagnetic field of I kV/10 cm, the second group to 2 kV/10 cm, and the third group to 3 kV/10 cm. The remaining 3 groups were served as untreated controls of the first, second, and third group, respectively. Each couple of mice was placed in a cage (26x20x11 cm) with wire metal cage tops. The cages of experimental groups with mice inside, were then put on the negative terminal plate of a pair of parallel aluminium plate electrodes. These cages were perpendicular to the positive electrode plate at a distance of I0 cm. Subsequently, the electrodes were connected to stepup transformer as an alternating current power supply. All mice belonging to experimental and untreated control groups were allowed to mate, gastate, and deliver the first up to fourth generations, During investigation, all generations of experimental groups were continuously treated to electromagnetic field, while generations of untreated control groups received no treatment to electromagnetic field, During the study, all mice were housed in a room having a temperature of 26o’ C and a light - dark cycle of 12:12 hours. The results of this study showed that exposure of mice to electromagnitic field results in reduced fertility with no change in sex ratio of the offspring. Exposure to electromagnetic field, however, were effective in inducing congenital anomalies, such as micropthalmy, white eyes, short hind legs, dwarf mice, and tumors in both sexes of the offspring which caused of death after 3 - 4 months of old. A large mortality rate were found, especially in the third and fourth generations. No congenital anomalies and tumors were noted in untreated controls. ln conclusion, we suggest that several facts which found in this study were the result of changes in genetic material of the sperm or eggs during spermatogenesis or oogenesis, respectively, i.e. a mutagenic effect. This interaction between electromagnetic field and the living cell, may then cause biological effects on cells, tissues, and organs, so that finally there are consequences for the whole organisms. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 3-10) Keywords: electromagnetic field, fertility, mortality rate, congenital anomalies, tumor, mice
Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) on the body weight, blood pressure and vaginal bleeding in menopausal women
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2002): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v11i1.44

Abstract

This study was a descriptive, retrospective trial conducted in 29 menopausal women. Each patient received treatment with conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) 0.625 mg/day + medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) 5 mg/hari continuously for the period of 6 months. The average age of menopause was 53.7 years with duration of menopause of 5.5 years. The education level of patients was Senior High School and higher. During the period of 6 months of continuous combined HRT, a significant increase of body weight and systolic blood pressure was found, while diastolic blood pressure did not have any significant change. Vaginal bleeding in the form of spotting occurred in 69% of the patients during the use of continuous combined HRT. (Med J Indones 2002; 11:11-4)Keywords: continuous HRT, menopause, body weight, blood pressure, bleeding
A randomized comparative trial of first-dose response to Angiotensin- Converting Enzyme Perindopril and Captopril in Indonesian heart failure patients
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2002): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v11i1.45

Abstract

Several large placebo-controlled trials have confirmed that angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors significantly reduce mortality aid morbidity in all functional grades of congestive heart failure (CHF), nevertheless only a proportion of patients who may benefit from treatment are priscribed an ACE inhibitor. One of the perceived difficulties is the occurrence of first-dose hypotension in susceptible patients. A double-blind, randomised, single-dose therapy, parallel-group study was conducted with the aim to compare the first-dose responses to low dose ACE inhibitors captopril and perindopril in patients with stable chronic heart failure. Seventy patients (New York Heart Association class I-IV) were included. Blood pressure was recorded every 15 minutes 2 hours before starting treatment. The mean of these readings was taken as the baseline blood pressure. Patients were randomised to receive a single-dose of captopril 6.25 mg or perindopril 2 mg. After taking the drug, blood pressure was monitored every 15 minutes for 2 hours, every 30 minutes during 5 hours then hourly after 2 hours. The maximum mean arterial pressure fall from baseline of perindopril was 0.85 mmHg compared to captopril 4.60 mmHg. The maximum mean systolic fall from baseline of perindopril was 3 '31 'mmHg compared to captopril 6.76 mmHg while the maximum mean diastolic fall from baseline of perindopril was 1.08 mmHg compared to captopril 2.63 mmHg. The hypotensive effect of the captopril group started soon after dosing and reached its maximum after 1 to 2 hours while perindopril showed slight reduction of systolic after 1 hour and slight reduction of diastolic after 4 hours. Compared to captopril, perindopril seemed to be less likely to cause first-dose hypotension in patients with heart failure. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 19-23)Keywords: first dose hypotension, perindopril, captopril, chronic heart failure
Evaluating mental stress test in coronary artery disease treadmill positive patients
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2002): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v11i1.46

Abstract

Evaluation of CAD is more routinely done by treadmill test (TMT i.e. physical strain) than the more frequently occurring mental strain, so a study was planned to assess the provocability of ischaemia by various mental tasks in patient with positive TMT. Thirty educated subjects, positive on TMT were put on a 24 hour holter monitoring. During this time, subjects were assessed by Mental Stress Test (MST) by subjecting to various mental tasks - (a) Time stress test (b) Mental arithmetic test (c) Reading test (d) Zeigarnik effect test and observed for heart rate, blood pressure and ischaemic/arrhythmia responses. The results showed that the male : female ratio was 14:1 with a mean age of 57 ± 8.03 years. The mean change produced during MST in (a) heart rate was 9.16 (SD ± 1.24)/min (b) SBP was 8.86 (SD ± 1.32) mmHg (c) rate pressure product was 82x103; which were statistically low (p<0.001) when compared to haemodynamic changes with TMT. Ischaemia was inducible in only one subject by MST and no increased incidence of arrhythmias during MST was noticed. The low yield of inducible ischaemia by MST when compared to TMT could be due to poor haemodynamic responses achieved by MST when compared to responses of TMT (p<0.001). It is concluded that mental stress does produce ischaemic changes. More intense and sustained MST's which could bring about significant haemodynamic changes are required for inducing ischaemia as by TMT. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 36-40) Keywords: coronary, ischaemia, mental task, stress test, treadmill
Incidence and cause of acute confusion in elderly patients
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2002): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v11i1.47

Abstract

Acute confusion is a clinical syndrome in the elderly whose diagnosis is made by acute onset of disturbance of consciousness, impairment of cognition and fluctuating perception and has an underlying medical cause associated with usually serious medical illness. Acute confusion has a high morbidity and mortality, and patient need to stay longer in the hospital, have a higher risk for institutionalization and immobilization. The aim of this study is to recognize the incidence and most of medical illness, which cause acute confusion in elderly patients, a retrospective study based on medical record of elderly patients who were hospitalized in Dr Kariadi hospital since 1998 to 1999. 5407 elderly patients were hospitalized, but only 5191 were analyzed and included in this study. 35% (992 men and 846 women) elderly patients had acute confusion on first arrival and 7% ( 197 men and 176 women) acute confusion appears in the ward. Total acute confusion was 40.89%. The mortality rate was 29% (263 women and 381 men). Three most frequent cause of death were sepsis (10.04%); hemorrhagic stroke (5.11%); multifactor (4.16%). Top ten diseases, which cause acute confusion, were hepatic encephalopathy, hemorrhagic stroke, sepsis, moderate dehydration due to gastoenteritis, hyponatremia, acute myocardial infarction, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmia cordis. (Med J lndones 2002; 11: 30-35)Keywords: acute confusional state, geriatric patients, hospital study
Open study of short course Fleroxacin for Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2002): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v11i1.48

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical and bacteriological effect of short course fleroxacin in uncomplicated typhoid and paratyphoid fever patients. Four hundred mg of fleroxacin was given oraly once daily for a period of 3 to 5 days. The diagnosis of typhoid and paratyphoid fever was established by clinical picture as well as blood culture or Widal serology test. Thirty patients in whom the clinical picture was confirmed as a typhoid or paratyphoid infection were eligible for this investigation. They consisted of 15 males and 15 females ranging in age from 18-38 years average 27.5 years of whom 18 were diagnosed by blood culture consisting of 16 S.typhi positive cases and two S.paratyphi A, while 12 other cases were positively confirmed by serial Widal agglutination serology. These cases suffered from fever between 3-14 days with a minimum recorded body temperature elevation of 38.5 degrees Celsius. Clinical response with defervescence of fever was obtained in the positive blood culture group within 3 days (8 patients) including 2 cases positive for S.paratyphi A and within two additional days (5 days) in the remaining 10 cases. In the twelve cases with a positive serology for typhoid fever a clinical response was obtained for defervescence within 3 days (6 cases) with 4 of these cases were on 3 days of fleroxacin and 2 cases on 5 days of fleroxacin. In the remaining 6 serologic positive cases fever resolved after 4-6 days with an average of 5 days with one on 3 days of fleroxacin and the rest (5 cases) on 5 days of fleroxacin. All positive blood culture cases reverted to negative after the fleroxacin course. No relapse or carrier state was recorded in this serie. It may be concluded that a 3 to 5 days closely monitored course of fleroxacin has excellent clinical as well as bacteriological efficacy in noncomplicated typhoid and paratyphoid fever. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 41-7)Keywords: fluoroquinolones, enteric infections, short course efficacy, open prospective study
Pathological features of glomerulonephritis in Jakarta
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2002): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v11i1.49

Abstract

All cases of renal biopsies received during a 10-year period from 1990-1999 were collected and analyzed. There were a totat of 1344 cases, comprising 390 pediatric cases, 9 I 8 adult cases and 36 cases of unknown age. Immunofluorescence microscopy was performed on 1089 cases (81.0%). The purpose of this study is to have an overview of the pattem and spectrum of glomerular diseases in Indonesia, especially in Jakarta and surroundings, with special emphasis on the cases with nephrotic syndrome, lupus nephritis and IgA nephropathy, and to compare the findings with previous reports from Indonesia and afew other countries. There were 250 cases of childhood nephrotic syndrome and 479 adult cases. The most frequent histopathological appearance in both groups was minimal change disease, i.e. 58.2% and 44.7% respectively. Males were more often affected than females with a ratio of 2.0:1 for children and 1.4:1 for adults. Lupus nephritis comprised 124 cases, among which three cases were not representative. The male to female ratio was 1:7.9. Most cases were in the fourth decade, i.e. 47 cases (38.5%), and the most frequent histopathological appearance was WHO class IV with 71 cases (58.7%). There were 97 cases of IgA nephropathy with an age range between 3 to 58 years. The peak incidence was in the fourth decade with 32 cases (33%). The male to female ratio was L7: I. The most frequent histopathological appearances were diffuse sclerosing lesion 34 cases (35%) and mesangial proliftrative lesion 33 cases (34%). (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 24-9)Keywords: renal biopsy, pathological features, glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, lupus nephritis, IgA nephropathy
Problems in managing foreign bodies in the upper aerodigestive tract
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2002): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v11i1.50

Abstract

The incidence of foreign body aspiration and ingestion in esophagus is higher in children under five years old. Especially for young children, suffocation from inhalation and ingestion of foreign bodies represents the highest cause of home accidental death. To some extent, establishing the diagnosis of foreign body ingestion or aspiration remains a big problem due to some difficulties in taking the history, getting the accurate signs and symptoms and performing radiologic examination. Therefore, beside the availability of the necessary equipments, the management of these particular cases requires person with expertise and professional skill in endoscopy. This paper will discuss several problems happening to real patients in the case of aspirated plastic materials and peanut as well as stones and dentures that were stuck in the esophagus. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 15-8)Keywords: foreign body, esophagoscopy, bronchoscopy
Seroepidemiology and risk factors of Hepatitis B and C virus infections among drug users in Jakarta, Indonesia
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2002): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v11i1.51

Abstract

The number of drug users is markedly increased in recent times. Data were collected consecutively in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Mitra Menteng Abadi Hospital in Jakarta. HBsAg were examined using reverse passive hemaglutination assay (RPHA) and anti-HCV with dipstick method; both were from the laboratoium Hepatika, Mataram, Indonesia. In a 5 month period (March - August 1999) there were 203 cases of drug users. Most of them were male ( 185 cases or 91.1%) with a mean age of 21.2 ± 4.3 years. Mean age in starting to use the drug was 18.8 ± 4.0 years. The prevalence of anti-HCV and HBsAg positivity were 74.9% (151 cases) and 9.9% (19 cases), respectively. The prevalence of double infection was 7.4% (15 cases). Injection drug users (IDU) were 168 cases (84%). Extramarital sex was done by 62 cases (30.5%), but only 16 cases (8%) with more than one partner. Tattoo was found in 32 cases ( 15.8%). Multivariate analysis revealed that lDU and tattoo were the risk factors for anti-HCV positivity, with the OR of 9.15 (95% CI 3.28-5.53) and 13.24 (96% CI 1.6 - 109.55), respectively. No significant medical risk factor could be identified for HBsAg positivity. Double infection of HBV and HCV was found in 15 cases (7.4%). We concluded that the prevalence of HBV, HCV infection and double infection of HBV - HCV in drug users were high, with tattoo and injection drug usage as risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 48-55) Keywords: HBsAg, Anti-HCV, tattoo, injection drug users
Smoking problem in Indonesia
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2002): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v11i1.52

Abstract

Smoking is an important public health probLem in Indonesia. Up to 60% of male adult population as well as about 4% of female adult population are smokers. In fact, some of Indonesian kretek cigarettes have quite high tar and nicotine content. Besides health effect, smoking habit also influence economic status of the individuals as well as the family. In health point of view, even though reliable nation wide morbidity and mortality data are scarce, report from various cities showed smoking related diseases, such as Lung cancer, COPD, effect of pregnancy, etc. Other problem is a fact that smoking habit start quite in early age in Indonesia. This article also describe factors complicate smoking control program as well as several things to be done to strengthen smoking control program in Indonesia. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 56-65)Keywords : smoking, Indonesia, impact

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