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INDONESIA
Medical Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 08531773     EISSN : 22528083     DOI : 10.13181
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
This quarterly medical journal is an official scientific journal of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia in collaboration with German-Indonesian Medical Association (DIGM) Indexed in: IMSEAR; CAB Abstracts; Global Health; HINARI; DOAJ; DRJI; Google Scholar; JournalTOCs; Ulrichsweb Global Serial Directory; WorldCat; New Jour; Electronic Journals Library; ISJD Accredited (2013-2018) by DIKTI Kemendikbud Republik Indonesia (No:58/DIKTI/Kep/2013)
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Articles 11 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 11 No. 3 (2002): July-September" : 11 Documents clear
Distribution of genetic polymorphism of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) in Indonesian subjects
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2002): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v11i3.62

Abstract

Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) plays a pivotal role in the alcohol metabolism. Decreased activity of ALDH enzyme has more influence on the hypersensitivity to alcohol than of alcohol dehydrogenase. ALDH enzyme exists in several isozymes. Among these isozymes, ALDH2 is a major isozyme that has a very high affinity for acetaldehyde. Recent studies suggested that the deficiency of ALDH2 may be inherited. Functional polymorphism of ALDH2 gene has been observed in a nucleotide of the 487th codon. In the atypical gene, this codon consists of AAA nucleotides for lysine, instead of GAA for glutamic acid in the wild type gene. In this study, we have analyzed the genetic polymorphism of ALDH2 gene among 100 Indonesian students using genomic DNA extracted from hair roots. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods were performed for this purpose. Three oligonucleotide primers were designed for two steps PCR. The reverse primer R was intentionally constructed not to be 100% complementary to the template strand, to generate a restriction site for Eco RI within the variable nucleotide in the PCR product of ALDH2 gene. This study indicates that 70 subjects (70%) have wild type, 29 (29%) atypical heterozygote and only 1 (1%) atypical homozygote ALDH2 alleles. Conclusively, the atypical ALDH2 allele frequency in Indonesians (31/200) is higher than in Caucasoids (only about 5-10%), but less than in Mongoloids (40-50%). This may be due to the diverse ethnics of Indonesian population. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 135-42) Keywords: alcohol hypersensitivity, genetic polymorphism, aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) gene
Effect of beta blocker therapy on survival in severe heart failure
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2002): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v11i3.63

Abstract

Beta-blocking agents have been shown to reduce the risk of hospitalization and death in patients with mild to moderate heart failure, but little is known about the efficacy or safety of these agents in severe heart failure. A case of beta blocker administration in severe heart failure with ejection fraction less than 25% is reported. The reported benefits of beta blockers with regard to morbidity and mortality in patients with mild to moderate heart failure were also found in the patient with severe heart failure as reported in this case. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 174-5) Keywords: beta-blocking agents, heart failure, ejection fraction
Idiosyncratic chloroquine retinopathy − a case report
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2002): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v11i3.64

Abstract

Chloroquine still remains the most widely used antimalarial of present time. Cumulative dose retinopathy has been reported with the use of chloroquine therapy, especially seen in patients on its chronic therapy in rheumatological disorders. A rare case report on chloroquine induced idiosyncratic retinopathy while being used in treatment of Falciparum malaria is being presented. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 176-8)Keywords: cloroquine, adverse effects, idiosyncratic, malaria, retinopathy
Multiple cysticercus nodules in skin and brain in a Balinese woman: A case report
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2002): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v11i3.65

Abstract

A case of multiple subcutaneous and cerebral cysticercosis in a 33-year-old Balinese female, is reported. The patient suffered from seizures since adolescence, which was not treated. Since three years before admission she started developing multiple nodules in the skin, starting from her forehead and since a year ago also in other parts of the head and body such as shoulders, chest and back. Serum sample tested against cysticercus antigen by immunoblot assay against antigen of Taenia solium was positive. The copro-antigen test was also positive, indicating the presence of the adult worm in the intestines. The patient was treated with praziquantel for the adult T. solium infection and thereafter with albendazole for the larval stages, which resulted in obvious reduction of the cerebral cysts and most of the subcutaneous nodules disappeared. However the adult worm was not recovered in the 24 hours stool specimen and after one year the immunoblot test was still positive. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 169-73) Keywords: cysticercosis, Taenia solium, praziquantel, albendazole
Comparative study of azathioprine and cyclosporin in rheumatoid arthritis – a sixteen weeks follow-up study
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2002): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v11i3.66

Abstract

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic progressive deforming polyarthritic disease involving multisystems and associated with considerable morbidity. Immunosuppressive drugs have been used to reduce/arrest the progression of the disease. The present study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of Azathioprine and cyclosporin in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients. Study consisted of 100 patients of Rheumatoid Arthritis (as per criteria of American Rheumatism Association, 1987) divided into two groups : group I received Azathioprine 1 mg/kg/d and group II received cyclosporin 2.5-3.0 mg/kg/d for 16 weeks. Assessment of efficacy was based on clinical, biochemical and radiological parameters. All patients showed marked improvemen (p value < 0.001) in all clinical parameters i.e. relief in pain, reduction in morning stiffness, painful/swollen joint along with walking time for 50 feet and increase in grip strength. All patients showed reduction (p < 0.001) in ESR without any change in rheumatoid factor titres. Both drugs showed equal efficacy (p value = NS) in improvement of clinical and biochemical parameters. But cyclosporin showed more reduction in bony erosions and juxtaarticular osteoporosis. Ten patients showed nephrotoxicity with cyclosporin. Cyclosporin has an edge over azathioprine in reducing the rate of progression of joint change in Rheumatoid Arthritis but is associated with increased incidence of side effects that are generally manageable. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 153-7) Keywords: azathioprine, cyclosporin, rheumatoid arthritis
Utility of bone marrow aspiration in extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2002): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v11i3.67

Abstract

This study was undertaken to look for evidence of acid fast bacilli (AFB) in bone marrow (BM) in patients of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Fifty cases suspected of extrapulmonary tuberculosis underwent bone marrow aspiration from sternum/illiac crest and were put on a therapeutic trial of antituberculosis therapy. All cases taken in the study responded to the therapy. The pattern of involvement were – abdominal (20), CNS (19), pericardial involvement (5), cervical lymphadenopathy (2), PUO (2), spinal (1) and miliary (1). 52% cases showed evidence of AFB in BM (on Ziehl Neelsen’s (ZN) staining) whereas only 4% of cases showed evidence of AFB in any other body fluid (CSF/pericardium/peritonium). Besides this, cytomorphological changes of BM showed evidence of lymphocytosis (22%), increased plasma cells (80%) and prominence of macrophages (88%), thus signifying infective pathology with macrophage overactivity. So we conclude that bone marrow aspiration has a definite diagnostic value and may prove useful when other investigations are unrewarding. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 148-52) Keywords: bone marrow aspiration, acid fast bacilli, extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Viral load profiles in drug users with asymptomatic HIV infection and normal CD4 cell counts
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2002): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v11i3.68

Abstract

Since the year 2000 there has been a steep increased in the number of HIV/AIDS patients in Indonesia, coming mostly from intravenous drug users. Antiretroviral treatment has been proved to decrease mortality and increase quality of life of HIV/AIDS patients. The treatment is given according to clinical condition of the patients, number of CD4 and viral load. In this study, CD4 and viral load were examined in 71 asymptomatic HIV patients originated from injecting-drug users. CD4 counting was performed by indirect immunoflouresence method using monoclonal antibody, and viral load was tested using PCR technique. Among 56 patients who has the number of CD4 more than 200/mm3, 30 patients (55.4 %) has viral load more than 55,000 copies/ml and 35.7% has viral load 5,000-55,000 copies/ml. Correlation between the number of CD4 and viral load gave the r value of 0.194. It is concluded that there is no association between the number of CD4 and viral load in drug user HIV/AIDS patients. The treatment of HIV/AIDS for these patients should be given according to the viral load. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 143-7)Keywords: viral load, CD4, injecting-drug user
Incidence of epilepsy among patients with cerebral palsy (CP) in Yayasan Pemeliharaan Anak Cacat (YPAC) – Medan
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2002): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v11i3.69

Abstract

Epilepsy is a chronic condition due to cerebral function disorders. Epilepsy occurs as a common complication of many neurological disorders such as cerebral palsy (CP) that can cause further brain damage if especially they are accompanied with prolonged seizure. The incidence of epilepsy among patients with CP varies, 25-35%. The high incidence of epilepsy among patients with CP suggests that these disorders has common or related origins. We carried out a retrospective study to determine the incidence of epilepsy among patients with CP registered July 1988 to June 1998 in YPAC Medan and to determine whether the incidence of epilepsy was different according to type of CP. Data was compiled from medical records, including name, sex, parity, mothers age, prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal history, and EEG resuts. Data were analysed using statistical computer program and its significance was evaluated by chi square test at p < 0.05. There were 67 cases with CP, 53 cases spastic CP, 13 cases mixed CP and one case dyskinetic CP. Of the 67 cases CP, 47.8% were male, 52.2% female with the mean age of 50.3 (SD 36.9) months. There were 25 (37.3%) patients CP associated with epilepsy, 72% general seizures, 20% partial seizures, and 8% infantile spasm. The incidence of epilepsy was significantly different among patients with CP associated with the type of CP and gestational age, p < 0.05. We concluded that the incidence of epilepsy among patient with CP in YPAC Medan was 37.3% and showed significant difference in CP according to type and gestational age. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 158-63) Keywords: epilepsy, cerebral palsy, obstetric history, gestational age
Nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage and antimicrobial resistance in underfive children with community acquired pneumonia
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2002): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v11i3.70

Abstract

Pathogens in nasopharynx is a significant risk factor of pneumonia. According to WHO, isolates to be tested for antimicrobial resistance in the community should be obtained from nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs. The aim of this study is to know the bacterial patterns of the nasopharynx and cotrimoxazole resistance in under five-year old children with community acquired pneumonia. The study was carried out in 4 primary health clinic (Puskesmas) in Majalaya sub-district, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. All underfive children with cough and/or difficult breathing and classified as having non-severe pneumonia (WHO guidelines) were placed in Amies transport medium and stored in a sterile jar, before taken to the laboratory for further examination, in the same day. During this nine month study, 698 children with clinical signs of non-severe pneumonia were enrolled. About 25.4% (177/698) of the nasopharyngeal specimens yielded bacterial isolates; i.e. 120 (67.8%) were positive for S pneumoniae, 21 for S epidermidis and alpha streptococcus, 6 for Hafnia alvei, 5 for S aureus, 2 for B catarrhalis, and 1(0.6%) for H influenza and Klebsiella, respectively. The antimicrobial resistance test to cotrimoxazole showed that 48.2% of S pneumoniae strain had full resistance and 32.7% showed intermediate resistance to cotrimoxazole. This result is almost similar to the other studies from Asian countries. It seems that H influenza is not a problem in the study area, however, a further study is needed. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 164-8) Keywords: nasopharyngeal swab, S pneumoniae, cotrimoxazole
Diseases of the small bowel in chronic diarrhea: diagnosis and treatment
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2002): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v11i3.71

Abstract

The incidence of chronic diarrhea in Asia is between 0.8-1.0%. The diseases and abnormalities according to the location, which can cause chronic diarrhea, are divided into three locations: the small bowel, the large bowel and extraintestinal. The small bowel diseases include infectious and non-infectious diseases. The infectious diseases are bacterial infections, parasitic infections etc. The non-infectious diseases include of Crohn’s disease, Celiac sprue, NSAID enteropathy, lactose intolerance, benign tumor, carcinoid tumor, carcinoma, post surgery complications, laxative etc. The approaches to diagnosis include good anamnesis, careful physical examination, supporting laboratory tests, more specialized supporting examinations including X-ray of the colon, esophagogastroduodenum follow-through, enteroclysis, ileo-colonoscopy and endoscopy on the upper portion of the digestive tract including the small intestine with biopsy for histopathology examinations. The treatment for chronic diarrhea is divided into supportive and causal therapy. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 179-89) Keywords: small bowel, chronic diarrhea, approaches to diagnosis, treatment

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