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INDONESIA
Medical Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 08531773     EISSN : 22528083     DOI : 10.13181
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
This quarterly medical journal is an official scientific journal of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia in collaboration with German-Indonesian Medical Association (DIGM) Indexed in: IMSEAR; CAB Abstracts; Global Health; HINARI; DOAJ; DRJI; Google Scholar; JournalTOCs; Ulrichsweb Global Serial Directory; WorldCat; New Jour; Electronic Journals Library; ISJD Accredited (2013-2018) by DIKTI Kemendikbud Republik Indonesia (No:58/DIKTI/Kep/2013)
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Articles 11 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 13 No. 2 (2004): April-June" : 11 Documents clear
Oxidant and antioxidant status of police officer in the city and rural area
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 2 (2004): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v13i2.132

Abstract

This study was designed to investigate the biochemical alteration in human caused by free radical accumulation due to air pollution. The policemen recruited were 60 country policemen consisting of 30 non smokers (group I) and 30 smokers (group II); 30 smoking policemen with administrative work in Jakarta (group III) and 30 smoking traffic policemen from Jakarta (group IV). Our results show that the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of groups I, II, III, IV, respectively were : 3.34 ± 0.81 umol/l; 4.28 ± 0.77 umol/l; 5.20 ± 0.66 umol/l and 5.12 ± 0.78 umol/l which were statistically different (p < 0.01) among each others, except between groups III and IV. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) of the groups respectively, were: 16.75 ± 9.80 U/mg protein; 22.83 ± 6.82 U/mg protein; 26.10 ± 8.50 U/mg protein and 26.90 ± 9.34 U/mg protein, which were statistically different (p < 0.05) between group I vs the other groups. The catalase activity of the groups respectively were : 106.25 ± 47.47 U/mg protein; 118.84 ± 42.73 U/mg protein; 119.83 ± 35.35 U/mg protein and 145.57 ± 61.85 U/mg protein. The statistical difference (p < 0.05) was found between group I & IV. Administration of vitamins C (500 mg) and E (300 mg) daily for 30 days to the policemen with high oxidant stress caused a decreased in the activities of SOD from 27.34 ± 10.05 U/mg protein to 16.91 ± 6.51 U/mg protein (p < 0.05) and catalase from 134.29 ± 53.28 U/mg protein to 67.07 ± 25.26 U/mg protein (p < 0.05). This study shows us that the oxidant status of city policemen was higher than that of rural policemen and that a combination of vitamins C & E could reduce the oxidant stress to a certain extent. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 77-80) Keywords: malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, population study.
Sinonasal lymphomas in Indonesia: immunophenotype and Epstein-Barr virus association
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 2 (2004): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v13i2.133

Abstract

Sinonasal lymphoma is a rare disease with NK/T-cell (NKTC) or B-cell immunophenotype. Previous study revealed the geographic difference in frequency of NKTC lymphoma (NKTCL) and almost constant association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Through review of 41 cases with sinonasal lymphoproliferative diseases registered in the Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Indonesia during the period 1994 to 2002, thirty-five were accepted as sinonasal lymphoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed that 20 cases (57%) were NK/T-cell type and 15 (43%) B-cell type with large cell morphology, i.e.,diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. NKTCL showed a marked male preponderance (M/F= 4:1) and younger onset of disease (median age, 37 years), and B-cell lymphoma showed a relative female preponderance (1:1.5) and older disease onset (median age, 49 years). In situ hybridization using EBER-1 probe revealed that 90% of NKTCL were EBV-positive, but none of B-cell lymphoma were EBV-positive. This is the first report on sinonasal lymphoma in Indonesia showing relative predominance of B-cell lymphoma compared to other Asian countries and Peru (14-24%). Lack of EBV-association in Indonesian sinonasal B-cell lymphoma showed a marked contrast to that in other Asian countries (EBV positive rate, 25-41 %). Predominance of sinonasal B-cell lymphoma without EBV genome might suggest presence of specific etiologic factors in Indonesia. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 71-6) Keywords: sinonasal lymphoma, B-cell, NK/T-cell, Epstein-Barr virus, Indonesia
The clinical, laboratory, and microbiological profile of patients with sepsis at the Internal Medicine Inpatient Unit of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 2 (2004): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v13i2.134

Abstract

At the moment, the diagnosis of sepesis is established based on the criteria of the presence of a clinical manifestation of systemic inflammatory response syndrome/SIRS, infection, and organ dysfunction. In the last two years, the idea to add several additional parameters to these criteria has developed, with the proposition to use the acronym PIRO (P: predisposition, I: infection, R: response, and O: organ failure). Clinical manifestations of sepsis at each hospital or treatment unit may differ according to the severity of sepsis, the focus of infection, comorbidity, and organ dysfunction or failure. This study evaluated the demographic, comorbidity, source of infection, SIRS manifestation, organ dysfunction, and microbiological profile of sepsis at the Internal Medicine Inpatient Ward of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta. A correlative, cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed on 42 subjects with sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock. The study was performed at the Inpatient Ward of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo NAtional General Hospital, Jakarta, in the year 2002. Clinical and laboratory (hematological, biochemical, and blood gas analysis) data, as well as results of aerobic cultures of the blood and other specimens were recorded. The criteria of sepsis used were based on that of the American College of Chest Physician and the Society of Critical Care Medicine in 1992. The results of the study demonstrated a proportional distribution of sepsis based on age and sex, with comorbidity in 88% of subjects, consisting of diabetes mellitus and other chronic diseases. The most common sources of infection were the lungs, skin-soft tissue, abdomen, and urinary tract, with Gram-negative bacteria more commonly found than Gram-positive bacteria. SIRS manifestation was found among over 70% of subjects, with the most common manifestations being tachycardia and tachypnea. The most common manifestations of organ dysfunction were reduced consciousness, metabolic acidosis, renal dysfunction, and a lower mean arterial pressure. There was a correlation between these parameters and the degree of sepsis. (Med J Indones 2004; 13:90-5)Keywords: sepsis, clinical manifestation, microbiology
Comparison of urinary excretion of Deoxypiridinoline and value of serum Osteocalcin within the Knee Osteoarthritis grading
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 2 (2004): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v13i2.135

Abstract

The identification of molecular markers, which reflects differences in disease progression rates in Osteoarthritis (OA), would greatly facilitate clinical studies. Urinary Deoxypyridinoline (UDPD) and serum osteocalcin (OC) had been widely used for marker of bone metabolism, but the use for molecular marker in OA was lack of data. Recent studies show that there were conflicted results between urinary excretion of DPD and serum OC value within knee OA grading. The aim of this study is to compare of urinary excretion of DPD and the level of serum OC as destructive parameter of cartilage within the knee OA grading. This cross sectional study comprise of 69 patients with OA of knee joints. Kellgren and Lawrence scale was use for grading of OA. Group of patients with knee OA grade 2 call as group of early OA and group of patients with knee OA grade 3 and 4 calls as group of late OA. DPD in urine was measured using Immuno-chemilunescence, serum osteocalcin was measured using Elisa method. The mean value of urinary concentrations of DPD in OA patients was higher than normal value (9.79 ± 7.28 nM DPD/mM Creatinin), and the mean value of serum OC within normal value (8.49 ± 4.68 ng/mL). There were no significant differences of age, body mass index (BMI), duration of illness, urinary excretion of UDPD and serum OC level between early and late OA. In conclusion, there is no significant difference of urinary excretion of DPD and serum OC level within knee OA grading. The use of urinary DPD and serum OC as molecular markers of progression of OA needed to be explored by other longitudinal study. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 96-101) Keywords: Knee osteoarthritis, deoxypiridinoline, osteocalcin
Interleukin-18 levels in adult dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 2 (2004): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v13i2.136

Abstract

Interleukin (IL)-18 ( interferon-γ inducing factor) is one of cytokines, produced by macrophage, take part in differentiation T-helper (Th) to Th1 and interferon γ producing. T helper1 play role in cellular immunity especially in viral infection include dengue. A descriptive correlative study has done to know the correlation between IL-18 levels and disease severity in admitted dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) patients. In 42 subjects consist of 20 (47.6%) DF and 22 (53.3%) DHF (grade I to IV WHO criteria, 1999) showed that IL-18 levels significantly higher in DHF than DF patients. There are significant correlation between IL-18 levels and hematocrit and low platelet value. This study supports the possible role of IL-18 in pathogenesis DHF in adults. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 86-9)Keywords: dengue, dengue hemorrhagic fever, IL-18, cytokine, pathogenesis
Skin test in drug eruption Five years experience at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 2 (2004): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v13i2.137

Abstract

Side effect of a drug should always considered by the physician in prescribing the drug for patients. Drug eruption could be very severe and re-exposure to traces of possible causative drugs may induce the same or even fatal clinical type of skin lesion. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of skin test, an alternative in-vivo methods, in determining the cause of drug eruption. A retrospective study on results of skin test (patch and prick test) in drug eruption was conducted during 5 years period (1998-2002), with special interest on clinical type of lesion. The most prominent clinical type were fixed drug eruption(FDE), urticaria, eczematous eruption, exanthematous eruption, and erythroderma. Skin test was done on 125 out of 746 patients with drug eruption, and 34.4% gave positive results. In some mild cases of urticaria and FDE oral provocation test was done with special precaution. The results showed that skin test could be considered as an alternative, safe and relatively easy way to the oral challenge test to find the causative drug in drug eruption, especially the severe form. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 81-5)Keywords: skin test, drug eruption, cutaneous adverse drug reaction (CADR).
Surveillance of nosocomial infections in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, 1999-2002
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 2 (2004): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v13i2.138

Abstract

Nosocomial infection are one of the main problem in hospital which are associated with significant morbidity, mortality and increased economic cost. Surveillance should be attempted regularly to obtain local data of incidence of nosocomial infections, types of infection, pathogen and resistance pattern. We reported the results of nosocomial surveillance in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, in year 1999 to 2002. The data were obtained from surveillance, conducted by Nosocomial Infection Control Committee. Surveillance were performed to patient in risk of nosocomial infections such as underwent surgical procedure, urinary catheter, peripheral or central venous catheter, ventilator and other invasive procedure. Criteria for nosocomial infection which were used, based on technical guidelines of nosocomial infection in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, year 1999; which referred to CDC definition of nosocomial infections. Incidence rate of nosocomial infections in year 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2002 were 1.1, 0.9, 0.6 and 0.4 % respectively. Type of nosocomial infection include catheter related, surgical wound, urinary tract and respiratory tract infections, ranged between 0 to 5.6 %. Gram negative bacteria consist of Pseudomonas sp, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis were the most common nosocomial pathogen. Gram positive bacteria consist of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus anhemolyticus. Trend of increasing incidence of Gram positive nosocomial infection also showed in our surveillance. Mostly Gram negative bacteria had been resistant to penicillin, co amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and 3rd generation cephalosporin, but still sensitive to 4th generation cephalosporin and aminoglycoside. The Gram positive bacteria were still sensitive to penicillin, co amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 4th generation cephalosporin and aminoglycoside. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 107-12) Keywords : nosocomial infection, surveillance, resistance pattern
The levels of hs-CRP in patients with coronary heart disease
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 2 (2004): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v13i2.139

Abstract

Coronary heart disease (CHD) due to atherosclerosis is a multifactorial process with multiple interdependent factors. At present time, atherosclerosis is considered to be an inflammatory process. It has been proven that inflammation plays a mayor role in the initiation, progression as well as the destabilitation of the atherosclerosis plaque. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is one of the most important inflammatory marker in CHD and directly related to the extent and severity of atherosclerosis, extent of myocardial ischemia and myocardial necrosis. The purpose of this study is to determine hs-CRP levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), chronic CHD and non CHD. And, to determine the correlation between hs-CRP levels and CKMB enzyme level in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This is a descriptive observational analytic study with cross sectional design. hs-CRP levels were measured by using chemiluminescent method on 21 ACS patients, 20 chronic CHD patients and 20 non CHD patients. The mean hs-CRP level in ACS, chronic CHD and non CHD patients were respectively 8.40 (SD 5.53) mg/l, 2.81 (SD 2.09) mg/l and 1.07 (SD 0.81) mg/l. A statistically significant difference in hs-CRP level was found between ACS, chronic CHD and non CHD (p = 0.000). A positive correlation was found between hs-CRP level and CKMB enzyme level in AMI patients (p = 0.004). In conclusion hs-CRP level is consistently higher in patients with ACS compared to patients with chronic CHD and non CHD. A positive correlation was found between the increased level of hs-CRP and CKMB enzyme level. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 102-6) Keywords: atherosclerosis, inflammation, hs-CRP, CHD
Potable water source and the method of garbage disposal in lowering the risk of diarrhea
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 2 (2004): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v13i2.140

Abstract

The problem of diarrhea can be controlled through environmental factors and good habits. The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia has designed a simple indicator to evaluate the family health potential, the Family Health Potential Index (FHPI). This study aims to evaluate the effect of FHPI and other indicators on the risk of diarrhea. The data were obtained through a survey carried out by a team from the Family Physician Studies, Graduate Program of the Universitas Sebelas Maret. The survey was held from August to September 2003 in 5 provinces receiving the Family Health and Nutrition (FHN) project. The subjects were 1500 heads of poor families chosen by stratified random sampling. Interviews and observations were carried out by special trained interviewers and held in the subjects’ homes. The use of potable water from the water system and well source built during the FHN project lowered the risk of diarrhea by 66% compared to the use of water from other sources (adjusted odds ratio= 0.34; 95% confidence interval = 0.16 - 0.70). Disposing of garbage using pits, sewers, rivers, or simply burying in the ground, increased the risk of diarrhea by twice compared with the specific method. Providing potable water from the water system or well and proving special tank for garbage disposal were important in order to lower the risk of occurrence diarrhea in a family. The use of non-dirt floors of houses as an FHPI specifically for diarrhea should be studied further. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 119-26) Keywords: diarrhea, potable water, garbage disposal, family health potential index, poor family
Metastatic bone disease
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 2 (2004): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v13i2.141

Abstract

Metastatic bone disease is the most common malignancy of bone, it is estimated that 70% of all malignant bone tumors are metastatic in origin. At autopsy it has been reported between 30 to 85% of patients who die from cancer show occult skeletal metastases. Bone is the third most common site of metastatic process after lung and liver. 80% of metastatic bone disease arise from Ca of breast, prostate, lung, kidney and thyroid. Typical location are thoracolumbal spine, pelvis, ribs, skull and proximal of femur and humerus. Pathogenesis of metastatic bone disease had been explained by Paget’s “Seed and Soil” theory and Ewing’s circulatory theory. Diagnostic procedures include complete laboratory examination, diagnostic bone imaging, chest x-ray, total body scan, CT-scan of chest, abdomen and pelvis and confirmed by histopathological examination. Management of metastatic bone disease is palliative that includes : chemotherapy, radiotherapy, bisphosphonates and surgical treatment for impending / established pathologic fracture to alleviate pain, ease nursing and restore functional activity. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 127-31) Keywords: bone cancer, metastases

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