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INDONESIA
Medical Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 08531773     EISSN : 22528083     DOI : 10.13181
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
This quarterly medical journal is an official scientific journal of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia in collaboration with German-Indonesian Medical Association (DIGM) Indexed in: IMSEAR; CAB Abstracts; Global Health; HINARI; DOAJ; DRJI; Google Scholar; JournalTOCs; Ulrichsweb Global Serial Directory; WorldCat; New Jour; Electronic Journals Library; ISJD Accredited (2013-2018) by DIKTI Kemendikbud Republik Indonesia (No:58/DIKTI/Kep/2013)
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Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 13 No. 4 (2004): October-December" : 10 Documents clear
Single nucleotide polymorphisms of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor promoter and their impacts to the promoter activities
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 4 (2004): October-December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v13i4.153

Abstract

Women of reproductive ages are varies in their responses to exogenous FSH stimulations. The difference of FSHR genotype due to the polymorphisms in exon 10 is one of its significant factors. To know further whether the core promoter of FSHR is also polymorphic and to know whether those polymorphisms influence the promoter activity, we did polymorphism screening of FSHR promoter to 262 women undergoing IVF/ICSI, followed by functional study to know the impact of polymorphisms to the promoter activity. This study indicated that the core promoter of human FSHR is polymorphic. We found five SNPs at positions –29, –37, –114, –123 and –138 in addition to the variety number of adenines. Polymorphism at position –123 significantly decreased the promoter activity, in contrast, polymorphism at position –37 and –138 significantly increased the promoter activity, whereas polymorphism at position –29, –114 and short adenines stretch did not significantly influence the promoter activity. The differences of the promoter activities due to polymorphisms might change the ovarian sensitivity to FSH. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 205-14)
The association of CAG repeat length polymorphisms of androgen receptor gene and spermatogenesis impairment in several Indonesian men
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 4 (2004): October-December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v13i4.154

Abstract

Spermatogenesis impairment is the main cause of infertility in men. Androgen is believed to play a critical role in regulating spermatogenesis. Androgen acts by binding to the androgen receptor (AR) which is a protein regulator of DNA transcription. Exon 1 of AR gene contains a CAG repeat length polymorphism and it is believed to interfere AR function. This study includes DNA isolation from peripheral blood and amplification of CAG repeat fragments by PCR method. CAG repeat lengths were determined by electrophoresis on 6% denaturing gel polyacrylamide. We found that the mean CAG repeat lengths were 24,3 ± 3,4 in oligozoospermic/azoospermic men and 22,7 ± 2,7 in normozoospermic men. The difference in CAG repeat length between the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0,031, t-test). Nevertheless, there was no correlation between CAG repeat lengths and sperms concentration (rs = -0,038; p = 0,775). This result suggest that the expansion of CAG repeat length was not the main cause of spermatogenesis impairment. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 215-20)
Coronary to pulmonary fistula as the primary source of pulmonary blood supply in pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 4 (2004): October-December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v13i4.155

Abstract

A communication between the coronary and pulmonary arteries, so called coronary to pulmonary fistula, is a rare source of pulmonary supply in pulmonary atresia (PA) with ventricular septal defect (VSD). A 4 year old girl referred to National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta with symptoms and signs of increased pulmonary blood flow since infancy and was confirmed by the chest x-rays. Heart examination revealed normal first heart sound with single loud second heart sound and an ejection systolic murmur at the pulmonary area. ECG demonstrated sinus rhythm with normal axis and biventricular hypertrophy. Echocardiography was performed and truncus arteriosus (TA) type I was suspected with perimembranus VSD, overriding of the aorta, and dilated main pulmonary artery. But on cardiac catheterization studies, a non obstructive fistula was found between the left coronary and main pulmonary artery coexisted with PA and VSD. A successful surgery was performed subsequently and confirmed the above diagnosis. Although there were episodes of pulmonary hypertension crisis during early post operative course, she was then discharge from the hospital in a good condition. Since irreversible pulmonary vascular disease may develop in a non restrictive coronary to pulmonary fistula, early recognition of this anomaly is very important for better surgical result. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 237-40)
Clinical manifestation of HIV/AIDS patients: differences between public and private hospitals in Jakarta
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 4 (2004): October-December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v13i4.156

Abstract

The aims of this study is to determine the demographic data, risk factors, clinical presentations, opportunistic/co-infections and its difference between public and private hospitals. A retrospective -descriptive study was conducted in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital (public hospital) and Medistra Hospital (private hospital), Jakarta. The inclusion criteria were new HIV/AIDS cases admitted in year 2002-2003 and positive HIV serology (Elisa method). Secondary data were collected form medical record. Sixty-six subjects were enrolled in this study (public hospital 30 subjects and private hospital 36 subjects), consist of 59 male (89.4%) and 7 female (10.6%). Thirty-seven percent subjects were defined as HIV and 62% AIDS. Risk factors obtained include drug user (59.1%), homosexual (13.6%), heterosexual (21.1%), transfusion (1.5%) and maternal-child (perinatal) (1.5%). The clinical symptoms mainly present as acute fever (56.2%), weight loss (39.4%), cough (38.8%), shortness of breath (27.2%), chronic diarrhea (22.8%), prolong fever (19.7%), loss of conciousness (15.3%), anorexia (15.3%). Significant differences between public and private hospitals were seen in fever and cough symptoms. Clinical presentation of HIV/AIDS patients during admission were : pneumonia (56%), oral trush (22.6%), anemia (56.5%), leucopenia (32.3%), lymphopenia (55.9%), elevated AST/ALT (66.1%), hypoalbuminemia (46.9%), limphadenopathy (10.6%), brain space occuping lesion (7.6%), encephalopathy (6.0%), pulmonary tb and pleural effusion (10.6%). The opportunistic and co-infections present were candidiasis (25.8%), chronic hepatitis C (24.2%), chronic hepatitis B and C (4.5%), pulmonary tb, lymphadenitis and miliary tb. Candidiasis and pulmonary tb were frequently found in public hospital. In conclusion from this study that clinical manifestation of HIV/AIDS were young man or woman, with one or more possible risk factor, had fever, respiratory complain, loss of body weight, chronic diarrhea, fatique, oral trush, anemia, leucopenia, lymphopenia. Patients admitted in private hospital had varied complain; and patients that admitted in public hospital had more severe and advance condition. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 232-6)
Use of anti-citrullinated peptide (Anti–CCP) antibodies in distinguishing patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 4 (2004): October-December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v13i4.157

Abstract

Diagnosis of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can be confused in their initial stages. The joints, especially the hands, are commonly affected in both disorders, many patients with SLE are initially misdiagnosed as having RA Given that the outcome for the two diseases is diverse, it would be helpful to have serological marker to distinguish between them at onset. Anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) have recently been described as highly specific for RA. The objective of this study is to confirm the specificity of anti-CCP antibodies and to determine whether they might distinguish patients with RA from those with SLE. This study is a cross sectional study on a group of patients with RA (n=27), SLE with arthritis (n=20), other autoimmune diseases (non-rheumatic diseases, n = 8), and healthy adults (n=20). Anti-CCP was determined by a commercial Elisa test and Rheumatoid factor (RF) was determined by the standard slide latex test. The sensitivity and specificity of anti-CCP for the diagnosis of RA was 63.0% and 97.9% respectively, comparing with RF for RA that was 40.7 % and 85.4 %. Only 1 healthy adult was anti-CCP+, no anti-CCP was detected from SLE and other autoimmune disease. The mean of titer anti CCP in normal healthy adult, other autoimmune diseases, SLE and RA was 1.35 ± 2.04, 0.63 ± 0.59, 0.75 ± 0.59, and 38.17 ± 44.22 RU/ml, respectively. There was a highly significant difference between the mean of titer anti CCP for RA with others diseases (p <0.001). We conclude that detection of anti-CCP is very useful for the diagnosis of RA and distinguishing RA from SLE. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 227-31)
Using homeopathica drugs combination at peripartal phase in preventing bovine subclinical mastitis
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 4 (2004): October-December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v13i4.158

Abstract

A total of 33 dairy lactating cows suffering from subclinical mastitis were classified into group A (10 cows), group B (12 cows) and group C (11 cows). They were treated with the combination of homeopathic drugs and placebo, applied at the 4th and 3rd week antepartum (a.p), and continuing every week postpartum (p.p), for four times. Group A received Coenzyme comp® (in the 4th and 3rd week a.p), Lachesis comp® combined with Traumeel®(1st and 2nd week p.p) and Coenzyme comp® combined with Carduus comp® (3rd and 4th week p.p). Group B received Traumeel®+ Mucosa comp® (4th and 3rd week a.p), Lachesis comp®+ Traumeel® (1st and 2nd week p.p) and Coenzyme comp®+ Carduus comp® (3rd and 4th week p.p) and group C as a placebo. The incidence of subclinical mastitis in group A and C appeared irregular. In contrast, group B showed a constant percentage (33.3%). Group A and B showed significant response to the homeopathic drugs, expressed as an increasing of the somatic cell count value. At peripartal phase, haptoglobin increased in group B 0.80 mg/ml and group A as well as placebo 1.40 mg/ml. After calving, group B expressed a constant value (0.05 mg/ml), while group A and placebo rose significantly. The milk yield in normal lactation period (the 3rd - 7th month) increased significantly, with an increasing 14.1% for group B and 4.9% A respectively. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 221-6)
BMI and WC cut offs for the risk of comorbidities of obesity in a population in Indonesia
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 4 (2004): October-December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v13i4.159

Abstract

Over the last few years health care providers have become more aware of the consecquences of obesity as well as the comorbidities of obesity. The body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) became universally accepted measures to determine the degree of overweight. it is necessary to have cut off points for BMI and WC for the risk factors of the comorbidities of obesity in Indonesia. This study has a cross sectional design with a total of 6318 subjects, that comprised of 5216 males (82.6%) and 1102 females (17.6%). The highest percentage of comorbidities both in males and females were high cholesterol and triglyceride level. The risks of comorbidities were increased at BMI 24.38 kg/m2 and WC 86.25 cm for fasting blood glucose and BMI 24.91 kg/m2 and WC 89.25 cm for triglyceride level. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 241-5)
Combined traditional medicine and pharmacological antihypertensive drugs in a rural community of West Java, Indonesia
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 4 (2004): October-December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v13i4.160

Abstract

Some hypertensive subjects in Indonesia consume traditional herbal medicines in addition to the usual pharmacological drugs. This paper studied the relationship between several traditional herbal medicines, such as morinda, star fruit, garlic, or jamu, believed to control hypertension and the risk of current pharmacological antihypertensive drug users in subjects with stage 1 and 2 hypertension in a rural community West Java, Indonesia. The data were obtained from 3 field studies by the second year medical students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia conducted in 2001, 2002, and 2003 in a subdistrict of the Bogor regency. The subjects were selected randomly from neighborhood clusters. Interviews and blood pressure measurements were conducted at the houses of the subjects by specially trained second year medical students supervised by faculty members. There were 496 subjects with stage 1 or 2 hypertension, with 11.5% under current antihypertensive drugs. Compared with the hypertension stage 1 subjects, hypertension stage 2 subjects were 5.4 times more likely to be currently taking pharmacological antihypertensive medication (adjusted odds ratio = 5.44; 95% confidence interval = 2.64-11.27). The combined of current antihypertensive medication with traditional medicines were cucumber which being the most dominant followed by star fruit and morinda. Reasons for this were probably the strong influence of culture, the limited medical facilities, and high cost of the antihypertensive drugs. It was concluded that in a rural Indonesia, it was common for hypertensive subjects to take pharmacological drugs as well as traditional medicine for antihypertensive therapy. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 246-51)
Asia Pacific menu patterns in relation to lipid abnormalities: An Indonesian perspective
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 4 (2004): October-December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v13i4.161

Abstract

Countries in the Asia-Pacific region differ widely with respect to their nutritional intake and nutritional status. The highest daily energy and proportion of fat intakes of the population is shown by the New Zealanders (total energy 3475 Kcals; fat proportion 37.2% or 1293 Kcals), while the lowest is the Siamese (total energy 2288 Kcals; fat proportion 13.1% or 300 Kcals). The Indonesian on the other hand, is at the third from the bottom (total energy 2631 Kcals; proportion of fat is 14.5% or 381.9 Kcals). Animal fat contributes to 29.7% (1033 Kcals) of the total daily energy intake of the New Zealanders (total 3475 Kcals), and the mortality rate coronary heart disease (CHD) is also the highest (228 per 100,000 populations for men and 173 for women). In contrast, the proportion of animal fat in Indonesian menu is only 1.47% (38.7 Kcals) of the total daily energy intake, while the CHD mortality rate is still below 50 per 100,000 for both men and women. Compared to the same values fifteen years before, animal fat intake of the New Zealanders has a decrease of 90%, Australian 88%, Philippines 99%, however the Indonesian on the other hand, has an increase of 157%. In New Zealand and Australia, the proportion of mortality attributed to cardiovascular disease (CVD) for men accounts for over 40% of total mortality. Japan however, the proportion mortality rate for CVD is only less than 30% of total mortality. In this level, Japan places itself among less industrialized group such as Malaysia and the Philippines. In the case of cerebrovascular (stroke) mortality however, Japan belongs to the highest category group. It seems that apart of high fat intake, stress and possibly also other factors play a major role in the development of stroke. The mean Indonesian total energy intake is 2631 Kcals, consisting of 8.7% protein (228.9 Kcals, 52.2 g), 76.8% carbohydrate (2020 Kcals, 505 g), and 14.5% fat (381.9 Kcals, 42.4 g). Animal fat intake is only 4.3 g/day (38.7 Kcals) which is 1.47% of the total energy intake. Although appears to be low, but it has a 157% increase if compared to the same value fifteen years before. Indonesian CHD mortality rate is still relatively low (below 50 per 100,000), however it is only a matter of time that the this value will soon increase in line with the increase of fat (especially animal fat) and total energy intakes. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 252-7)Keywords: Asia Pacific, Indonesia, menu pattern, energy, protein, fat, animal fat, mortality rate, cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease
Skin abnormality and hairloss: the reproductive endocrinological viewpoint
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 4 (2004): October-December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v13i4.162

Abstract

Excessive androgen production may cause changes in female skin, such as hirsutism and acne. The administration of antiadrogenic hormone such as cyproteron acetate, may eliminate the hyperandrogenic effect on the skin. Hairloss may also caused either by hyper-androgenemia or by low estrogen level. The administration of either antiandrogen or estrogen may reduce hairloss. Virilization, which includes excessive growth of hair and clitoris enlargement, deepened voice, muscle hypertrophy and mammary hypoplasia are also associated with hyperandrogenemia. Antiandrogen treatment could eliminate these impacts of virilization. In contrast, cellulite was supected to be due to androgen deficiency, and the use of topical testosterone could eliminate it. It is concluded that skin and/or hairloss are associated with hormonal changes in women. The treatment with antiandrogenic hormones may reduce or cure these abnormalities. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 258-63)Keywords: Hirsutism, virilization, acne, cellulite, hairloss, androgen, estrogen

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