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INDONESIA
Medical Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 08531773     EISSN : 22528083     DOI : 10.13181
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
This quarterly medical journal is an official scientific journal of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia in collaboration with German-Indonesian Medical Association (DIGM) Indexed in: IMSEAR; CAB Abstracts; Global Health; HINARI; DOAJ; DRJI; Google Scholar; JournalTOCs; Ulrichsweb Global Serial Directory; WorldCat; New Jour; Electronic Journals Library; ISJD Accredited (2013-2018) by DIKTI Kemendikbud Republik Indonesia (No:58/DIKTI/Kep/2013)
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Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 17 No. 2 (2008): April-June" : 8 Documents clear
Thoracic epidural anesthesia attenuates hemorrhagic-induced splanchnic hypo-perfusion in post-resuscitation experimental hemorrhagic shock
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 17 No. 2 (2008): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v17i2.304

Abstract

The purpose of present study was to assess the effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia on splanchnic perfusion, bacterial translocation and histopathologic changes in experimental hemorrhagic shock in short-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina). Sixteen Macaca nemestrinas were randomly assigned to one of two groups i.e. the lidocaine group (n = 8), receiving general anesthesia plus lidocaine thoracic epidural anesthesia; and the saline group (n = 8), receiving general anesthesia alone as control. Hemorrhagic shock was induced by withdrawing blood gradually to a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40 mm Hg, and maintained for 60 minutes. Animals were then resuscitated with their own blood and ringer lactate solution (RL). After resuscitation, epidural lidocaine 2% was given in the lidocaine group and saline in the control group. Resuscitation that was performed after one hour hemorrhagic shock, with hemodynamic variables and urine output returned to normal, revealed there was no improvement of splanchnic perfusion. PgCO2, P(g-a)CO2, and pHi remained in critical value and tended to deteriorate in the saline group. Contrast to saline group, splanchnic perfusion in lidocaine group tended to improve. This condition was supported by the finding of less bacterial translocation and better histopathologic changes in lidocaine thoracic epidural anesthesia group than in saline group. This study concludes that lidocaine thoracic epidural anesthesia attenuates splachnic hypoperfusion in post-resuscitation hemorrhagic shock in Macaca nemestrina. (Med J Indones 2008; 17: 73-81)
Water quality of Angke River: Microbiological point of view
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 17 No. 2 (2008): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v17i2.305

Abstract

This research is a part of a multidisciplinary research in the Angke River. The aim of this research is to study the river's water quality from the microbiological point of view in several locations along the Angke River. The locations under this study included: Duri Kosambi, Pesing Poglar, Teluk Gong, Pantai Indah Kapuk and Estuary (4 points). The examinations were held in term of microbiological aspects, based on the guide published by the Ministry of Health, the Republic of Indonesia and concluded according to Government Regulation. The parameter of microbiological tests was the most probability number (MPN) of total and fecal coliform. The method used was done in 2 steps: presumptive and confirmed test. Completed test was conducted to confirm the presence of E.coli and other bacteria in water. The result showed that the water quality of the Angke River was poor; therefore, it is not recommended to be used as drinking water. It is categorized as the 2nd class quality that means it can only be used for water recreation, veterinary, showering plants and or other purposes that require the same quality of water. The MPN of total coliform at Pantai Indah Kapuk and the outer side of river mouth (estuary area) was lower than other areas. People who live in Pantai Indah Kapuk are having a higher economic level. Therefore, it can be assumed that they are more educated people who have more insight about hygiene. Further, the water at the outer side of river mouth contains a higher salt concentration that can kill pathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, the water quality of the Angke River is categorized as 2nd class quality not recommended to be used as dringking water except the water from Pantai Indah Kapuk and estuary area that can be used as dringking water after boiling. (Med J Indones 2008; 17:82-7)
Cholestasis sepsis at neonatology ward and neonatal Intensive Care Unit Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital 2007 : incidence, mortality rate and associated risk factors
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 17 No. 2 (2008): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v17i2.306

Abstract

Cholestatic jaundice represents serious pathological condition. Septic-cholestasis is a kind of hepato-cellular cholestasis that occured during or after sepsis caused by biliary flow obstruction. This is a cohort study from February to June 2007 on neonatal sepsis patients at Neonatology ward Department of Child Health Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo General National Hospital. Aim of this study is to find out the incidence of intrahepatic cholestasis in neonatal sepsis, associated risk factors, and mortality rate in neonatal cholestasis-sepsis. From 138 neonatal sepsis patients, the incidence of intrahepatic cholestasis is 65.9%. None of the risk factors tested in this study showed statistically significant result. Mortality rate of neonatal cholestasis-sepsis is 52.8%. (Med J Indones 2008; 17: 107-13)
Efficacy of chloroquine, chloroquine plus sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, and amodiaquine for treatment of vivax malaria in Bangka island, Indonesia: a randomized trial
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 17 No. 2 (2008): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v17i2.307

Abstract

Plasmodium vivax malaria resistant to chloroquine is alarming in Indonesia and has been also reported in other countries. An alternative drug is needed. The study was a prospective evaluation and a comparative study of the therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine 25 mg base/kg bw for 3 days (CQ3, n=75), CQ3 plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine based on pyrimethamine dosage of 1.25 mg/kg bw single dose (SP1) [CQ3+SP1, n=84] and amodiaquine 25 mg base/kg bw for 3 days (AQ3, n=83) in symptomatic vivax malaria patients in children and adults. The new version of 2001 WHO test system was used in this study. PCR for genotyping was also done to validate and confirm the treatment outcomes. The therapeutic efficacy of CQ3, CQ3+SP1 and AQ3 on day 14 were very high (94.4%, 97.4% and 98.8%), and dropped on day 28 (81.7%, 87.2% and 96.2% by evaluable analysis; 78.9%. 82.0% and 92.5% after confirmation with PCR; and 74.7%, 78.0% and 90.2% by intention to treat analysis). Most of the ACPR cases (>96%) showed hematological recovery. Gametocyte carriages were documented on day 7 (2.9%, 1.3% and 1.2%), day 14 (4.3%, 1.3% and 1.2%) and day 28 (6.6%, 4.2% and none) in CQ3, CQ3+SP1 and AQ3 groups. Of these 3 regimens, AQ3 showed a better therapeutic efficacy than CQ3 and combined CQ3+SP1 by day 28. Introducing primaquine at the beginning of treatment day or giving a radical treatment in vivax malaria may improve the cure rate. (Med J Indones 2008; 17: 96-106)
Risk factors and incidence of contrast induced nephropathy following coronary intervention
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 17 No. 2 (2008): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v17i2.308

Abstract

Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of important complication of contrast media administration. Its incidence and risk factors among Indonesian patients undergoing coronary intervention has not been reported yet. CIN was defined as increasing of serum creatinine by 0.5 mg/dl or more in the third day following contrast media exposure. Of 312 patients undergoing coronary intervention, 25% developed CIN. Patient-related risk factors comprised of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, NYHA class, proteinuria, serum creatinine > 1.5 mg/dl and ejection fraction ≤ 35%. Contrast-related risk factors comprised of contrast media volume > 300 ml, contrast media type. However, our final model demonstrated that only hypertension [Hazard ratio (HR) = 2.89, 95% confidence intrval (CI) = 1.78 to 4.71, P = 0.000], diabetes mellitus (HR = 3.09, 95% CI = 1.89 to 5.06, P = 0.000), ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 35% (HR = 2.92; 95% CI = 1.72 to 4.96; P = 0.000), total contrast volume > 300 ml (HR = 7.73; 95% CI = 3.09 to 19.37; P = 0.000) and proteinuria (HR = 14.96; 95% CI = 3.45 to 64.86; P = 0.000) were independent risk factors of CIN. In conclusion, CIN developed in 25% of patients undergoing coronary intervention. The independent risk factors of CIN included hypertension, diabetes mellitus, EF ≤ 35%, contrast volume > 300 ml and proteinuria. (Med J Indones 2008; 17: 131-7)
Safety and tolerability of fluvastatin XL in the treatment of hyper-cholesterolemia : a postmarketing surveillance conducted in Indonesia
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 17 No. 2 (2008): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v17i2.309

Abstract

Fluvastatin XL 80 mg tablet has been marketed in Indonesia since December 2002. This post-marketing surveillance (PMS) was conducted between May 2004 and April 2005 involving 98 general physicians to observe the safety and tolerability of fluvastatin XL 80 mg once daily at bedtime for 8 weeks in the treatment of outpatients with hypercholesterolemia. The efficacy of the drug in lowering LDL-cholesterol and other lipid parameters was also observed in daily clinical practice in this PMS. A total of 740 patients were eligible for safety analyses. There were 32 patients (4.32%) with 39 adverse events that were considered related to fluvastatin XL therapy. The most common adverse reactions were dizziness (2.03%), nausea (1.22%), and myalgia (0.68%). No serious adverse event (SAE) was found in this PMS, and no patient discontinued due to adverse event. According to physician's global evaluation, the safety and tolerability of treatment was good in 91.9% of patients. For efficacy analyses, only 566 patients were eligible. At week 8, fluvastatin XL caused decreases in LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels by 28.6%, 30.2% and 24.5%, respectively, and an increase in HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) by 14.3%. In 74 patients with baseline TG > 300 mg/dL, the decrease in TG was 38.1% and the increase in HDL-C was 18.1%. Reduction in LDL-C of > 40% occurred in 19.6% of the patients. In conclusion, treatment with fluvastatin XL 80 mg once daily for 8 weeks in this PMS was shown to be safe and well tolerated, and also effective in reducing LDL-C, TC and TG, and raising HDL-C in daily clinical practice. (Med J Indones 2008; 17:88-95)
Short-term intravenous zoledronic acid in severe osteogenesis imperfecta : A report of three siblings of children
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 17 No. 2 (2008): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v17i2.310

Abstract

This report documented the clinical and biochemical side effects on the first dose of intravenous zoledronic acid therapy in three siblings with severe osteogenesis imperfecta. Zoledronic acid was administered in 50 ml 0.9% saline solution over a period of 30 minutes. All patients had fever during the first 6 to 48 hours after the first infusion. There were no renal side effects, apart from asymptomatic hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia at 48 and 72 hours after zoledronic acid infusion. The minimal clinical side effects were easily manageable. (Med J Indones 2008; 17: 127-30)
The efficacy of Rhinos® SR on nasal resistance and nasal symptoms in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis : a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 17 No. 2 (2008): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v17i2.311

Abstract

Rhinos® SR is a fixed combination of 5 mg loratadine and 60 mg pseudoephedrine immediate release and 60 mg pseudoephedrine sustained release. The present study was aimed to assess the efficacy of Rhinos® SR on nasal airway resistance (NAR) objectively using rhinomanometer and on nasal symptoms in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) in a tropical country. This was a randomized, double-blind, parallel group study in 59 PAR patients who visited the ENT clinic at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. Outpatients of both gender, having moderate to severe PAR for a minimal of 2 years, aged 12 years or older, with a total nasal symptom score (TNSS) > 6 and a nasal congestion score > 2, received Rhinos® SR or placebo twice daily for 7 days. The primary efficacy parameter was the decrease in the NAR values (measured by rhinomanometer on Day 1) of Rhinos® SR from those of placebo. The NAR values were calculated as the area under the curve (AUC) of NAR versus time. The secondary efficacy parameters were the percentage reduction of the clinical symptoms (nasal and nonnasal) evaluated by both the patient and the physician after 1 week use of Rhinos® SR or placebo. From 59 eligible patients, all completed this 1-week trial. For NAR values, after the baseline were considered as 100%, the AUC0-10 h were not significantly different between Rhinos® SR and placebo. However, as the pseudoephedrine reached its peak concentration, i.e. 2 hrs for the immediate release and 6 hrs for the sustained release, then AUC0-2 h and AUC0-6 h of Rhinos® SR were significantly lower compared to those of placebo. Total nasal symptom score (TNSS) evaluated by the patient (sum of the last 3 mornings) for Rhinos® SR decreased 33.0% from baseline (p < 0.001), for placebo decreased 21.9% from baseline (p = 0.002), but the decrease by Rhinos® SR was not significantly different from the decrease by placebo. TNSS evaluated by the physician, nasal congestion score (NCS) and total symptom score (TSS, total nasal and nonnasal), and even the individual symptom scores, evaluated by the patient and the physician, showed similar pattern, i.e. both Rhinos® SR and placebo decreased the symptoms significantly from baseline, and the decreases by Rhinos® SR were larger than the decreases by placebo, but the decreases by Rhinos® SR and placebo were not statistically different. No adverse event was found in this study. From the present study it was concluded that in patients with moderate to severe PAR in a tropical country, Rhinos® SR was effective in relieving nasal congestion by objective measurements of NAR. Rhinos® SR twice a day for 7 days was also effective in reducing the clinical symptoms of PAR although the reductions did not reach statistical significance compared to those by placebo, and was well tolerated. (Med J Indones 2008; 17: 114-26)

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