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INDONESIA
Medical Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 08531773     EISSN : 22528083     DOI : 10.13181
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
This quarterly medical journal is an official scientific journal of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia in collaboration with German-Indonesian Medical Association (DIGM) Indexed in: IMSEAR; CAB Abstracts; Global Health; HINARI; DOAJ; DRJI; Google Scholar; JournalTOCs; Ulrichsweb Global Serial Directory; WorldCat; New Jour; Electronic Journals Library; ISJD Accredited (2013-2018) by DIKTI Kemendikbud Republik Indonesia (No:58/DIKTI/Kep/2013)
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Articles 13 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 18 No. 1 (2009): January-March" : 13 Documents clear
Antibacterial activity of temu kunci tuber (kaempheria pandurata) essential oil against Bacillus cereus
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 1 (2009): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v18i1.331

Abstract

Aim The mechanism of temu kunci tuber essential oil potential as antimicrobial agent has not been reported. To analyze the mechanism of antibacterial activity of temu kunci tuber essential oil from Yogyakarta on B.cereus. Antibacterial activity of essential oil were analyzed for its ability to disrupt bacterial cell membrane, that caused cell leakage and altered the morphology of the bacteria. Leakage was measured by analyzing the Ca+2, K+ ion outflow using an atomic adsorption spectrometry (AAS), and protein and nucleic acid using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer (UVS) on 280 nm and 260 nm respectively. Alterations in morphology were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of temu kunci essential oil on B.cereus was 0.12% (v/v). Treatment of B. cereus using 1MIC and 2MIC showed significant leakage compared to control (P<0.05). The K+ and Ca+2 ion leakage from the bacterial cells were between 10.32-35.57% and 15.05-41.54% respectively and showed significant difference compared to control (P<0.05). The absorbance observed by UVS for protein and nucleic acid leakage were 0.6330-0.8670 at 280 nm and 0.4320-0.8307 at 260 nm, respectively, and were significantly different compared to control (P<0.05). Exposure of 1 MIC temu kunci essential oil on B.cereus caused thickening as well as irregularities on the cell wall. At 2 MIC cells seemed transparent, empty looking and showed a ghost-like appearance. Conclusion Kaempheria pondurata essential oil could cause leakage and alter the morphology of the bacteria. (Med J Indones 2009; 18:10-7) Keywords: leakage, morphology
Effect of N-Acetyl Cysteine administration to the degree of parasitemia and plasma interleukin-12 level of mice infected with plasmodium berghei and treated with artemisinin
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 1 (2009): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v18i1.332

Abstract

Introduction Protection against malaria requires a cell-mediated immune response which is initiated by releasing interleukin-12 (IL-12) from antigen presenting cells (APC). N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) is a precursor of glutathione, while glutathione itself increases IL-12 production. Treatment with NAC combined with artemisinin is supposed to increase cellular immunity of mice during Plasmodium berghei infection. The aim of this study was to measure the effects of NAC administration on the degree of parasitemia and plasma IL-12 level in mice infected with P. berghei and treated with artemisinin. Methods The research was done using post-test-control-only design using 5 groups: group A (negative control group), group B (positive control group, or mice infected with P.berghei without therapy), group C ( mice infected by P.berghei and received artemisinin 0.04 mg/g BW for 7 days), group D (mice infected with P.berghei and received artemisinin in combination with NAC 1 mg/g BW for 7 days) and group E (mice infected wirth P.berghei and received artemisinin in combination with NAC 1 mg/g BW for 3 days and tapered into ½ mg/g BW for 4 days). Parasitemia was followed up every two days. Approximately six days post infection or when the degree of parasitemia reached ± 10% therapy was begun. On the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days post therapy, mice from each group were terminated and assayed for plasma IL-12 level (ELISA, Bender Medsystems GmbH, Vienna, cat. BMS6004). Results All mice treated with artemisinin mono-therapy and combined therapy had significantly decreased parasitemia (P=0.000). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in decreasing parasitemia among treatment groups. The plasma IL-12 level increased significantly in both groups that received the combination of artemisinin and NAC constant dose and tapering dose compared with the group that received artemisinin mono-therapy (p < 0,05). Plasma IL-12p70 level in the combination of artemisinin and NAC tapering dose therapy group was higher than other groups on the 5th and 7th days post therapy. Conclusion The conclusion of this research is that artemisinin mono-therapy decreased parasitemia effectively as well as the combination therapy of artemisinin and NAC. Artemisinin and NAC therapy, constant and tapering dose, increase plasma IL-12p 70 level more than artemisinin mono-therapy does. The highest plasma IL-12p70 level was found in the artemisinin plus NAC tapering dose therapy group with seven days duration of therapy. (Med J Indones 2009; 18: 5-9) Keywords: N-acetyl Cysteine, Parasitemia, Interleukin-12, Plasmodium berghei
A cornual ectopic pregnancy case: diagnosis, etiology and its management
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 1 (2009): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v18i1.333

Abstract

This is a report of a case of cornual ectopic pregnancy, with transvaginal ultrasonography done for early detection, screening, β-hCG measuring, also discussed was the role of methotrexate therapy prior to operative procedure with conservative management. Multiple intramural myomas (22 myomas) in this case were strongly believed as the etiology of the cornual pregnancy. (Med J Indones 2008; 18: 64-8) Keywords: Cornual ectopic pregnancy, multiple myomas, ultrasonography, methotrexate
Lung metastases of ameloblastic carcinoma 10 years after primary hemimandibulectomy: A case report
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 1 (2009): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v18i1.334

Abstract

Ameloblastoma is a type of odontogenic tumor and generally considered as a benign tumor. However, less than 2% of ameloblastoma were found to have metastases, mostly to the lung. We reported a case of 46-year-old man presenting with an ameloblastic carcinoma with lung metastases 10 years after the primary tumor was resected and 2 years after chemotherapy. (Med J Indones 2009; 18: 60-3) Keywords: ameloblastoma, chemotherapy, radiation
Effect of a combination of Phaseolus vulgaris L. extract and acarbose on postprandial glucose level after cooked rice intake in healthy volunteers
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 1 (2009): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v18i1.335

Abstract

Aim This study was aimed to measure the effects of combination Phaseolus vulgaris extract and acarbose compared to acarbose alone on postprandial glucose concentration in healthy volunteers after cooked rice intake. Methods Blood sample were obtained at several time points up to three hours after cooked rice intake. The parameter for postprandial glucose concentration is the area under the curve (AUC) of glucose concentration vs.time for three hours after cooked rice intake. Results After taking this combination, postprandial glucose concentration was reduced by 21.6%, while the reduction by acarbose alone was 22.9%. Conclusions The reduction of postprandial glucose concentration after administration of this combination was not significantly different compared to that after administration of acarbose alone. (Med J Indones 2009; 18: 25-30) Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris extract, acarbose, postprandial glucose concentration
Influence of the abilities in controlling violence behavior to the length of stay of schizophrenic clients in Bogor mental hospital, Indonesia
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 1 (2009): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v18i1.336

Abstract

Aim In average, the length of hospital stay in mental hospitals in Indonesia is 54 days, the longest of which occur on schizophrenic clients. In Bogor Mental Hospital, the average length of stay is 115 days. Those with schizophrenic and violence behavior have 42 days length of stay. The purpose of this study was to reduce length of stay for schizophrenic clients by enhancing their abilities to control violence behavior. Methods This is a quasi experimental study with multiple series design. Study was conducted in Bogor Mental Hospital with 152 respondents (75 intervention and 77 non intervention). Training was given to the intervention group about the ways how to control violence behavior. Results The results of this study showed that the average length of stay in the hospital for the clients in intervention group was 23 days and non intervention group was 40 days. There were 86.6% of clients in intervention group that independently (without assistance) could control their behavior, whereas 13.4% still need assistant. All clients in non intervention group had no abilities to control their violence behavior. Clients who were independent in controlling violence behavior had significantly shorter length of stay compared to non independent clients (p < 0.05). Conclusion Hence, the training control violence behavior can increase the abilities of the clients in controlling their violence behavior and resulting in shorter length of stay in hospital. (Med J Indones 2009; 18: 31-5) Keywords: violence behavior, schizophrenia, training, length of stay
Optimal water intake for the elderly: prevention of hypotremia
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 1 (2009): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v18i1.337

Abstract

Aim The prevalence of hyponatremia in the elderly is quite high due to the rising of ADH and ANP concentrations which are part of eight physiologic changes. The complications are quite specific, among others, increased risk of bone fracture, declining of conciousness, and convulsion. The frequent cause of hyponatremia is high water intake. To achieve the optimal water intake designated as the highest water intake that did not cause hyponatremia and hypovolemia. Methods A study was conducted on 31 healthy elderly subjects, selected from 107 persons using simple random sampling and exclusion criteria. By block randomisation were classified into five water-intake groups (1000-2500 mL). Results In this study, it could be proved that 1000 mL was the optimal. It was also unraveled that the ADH levels had a role in determining the water intake volume that did not cause hyponatremia and NT-proBNP concentrations did not correlate with spot urine sodium. Conclusion The optimal water intake for the elderly is 1000 mL per day. (Med J Indones 2009; 18: 18-24) Keywords: Hyponatremia, healthy elderly, water intake
The association between serum testosterone levels and cognitive function of men aged 50 years or more
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 1 (2009): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v18i1.338

Abstract

Aim The Aging process is a major risk factor for the development of degenerative diseases, including cognitive impairment. Many studies have shown that reduced cognitive function is associated with low testosterone levels. This study was aimed to know the association between serum testosterone level and cognitive functions in men who showed mild cognitive impairment. Method This was a cross-sectional study in men aged 50 years or more in Neuroscience Clinic Siloam Hospitals, Lippo Karawaci, Tangerang between 2002 and 2004. Subjects were patients who complained of decreasing cognitive function. Cognitive function was assessed by using the 30-point Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaires. Testosterone level was measured by using the enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELFA) method. Results A total of 112 men were recruited during the study period. The median age was 64 years old. One-hundred and one subjects underwent cognitive function test and serum testosterone assay. The mean MMSE score was 26 + 3.2 points, whereas the mean testosterone level was 14.7 + 5.72 nmol/L. Conclusion There was no significant correlation between the MMSE score and testosterone level (r=0,038). This study showed that men aged 50 years and above with symptoms of declined cognitive function have decreasing MMSE scores but were still within the normal range of testosterone levels. No correlation was found between MMSE scores and testosterone levels since most subjects were eugonadal. (Med J Indones 2009; 18: 36-40) Keywords: Testosterone, Cognitive function
Comparison of the anthropometric measurements and health risks in people with normal weight according to the body mass index-for-age charts
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 1 (2009): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v18i1.339

Abstract

Aim Body mass index (BMI) at 5th-84th percentiles according to the BMI-for-age charts from Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) is considered as normal BMI for children and adolescents. However, Guo et al found that BMI at 75th-84th percentiles already had a possibility to be adult overweight and obese. This study aimed to determine anthropometric measurements, laboratory findings, and health risk differences to find an ideal BMI group according to the BMI charts. Methods Normal BMI according to adult classification from the World Health Organization (BMI at 18.5-24.9) is used as a reference group. Results & Conclusion Our study showed BMI value at 50th-74th percentiles in boys and at 75th-84th percentiles in girls had higher anthropometric measurements and laboratory findings than the reference group. However, the health risks of those BMI percentiles did not significant different compared with the reference group. (Med J Indones 2009; 18: 41-7) Keywords: normoweight, adolescent, BMI-for-age charts, anthropometric measurements, health risks
Effects of an additional small group discussion to cognitive achievement and retention in basic principles of bioethics teaching methods
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 1 (2009): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v18i1.340

Abstract

Aim The place of ethics in undergraduate medical curricula is essential but the methods of teaching medical ethics did not show substantial changes. “Basic principles of bioethics” is the best knowledge to develop student’s reasoning analysis in medical ethics In this study, we investigate the effectsof an additional small group discussion in basic principles of bioethics conventional lecture methods to cognitive achievement and retention. This study was a randomized controlled trial with parallel design. Cognitive scores of the basic principles of bioethics as a parameter was measured using basic principles of bioethics (Kaidah Dasar Bioetika, KDB) test. Both groups were attending conventional lectures, then the intervention group got an additional small group discussion. Result Conventional lectures with or without small group discussion significantly increased cognitive achievement of basic principles of bioethics (P= 0.001 and P= 0.000, respectively), and there were significant differences in cognitive achievement and retention between the 2 groups (P= 0.000 and P= 0.000, respectively). Conclusion Additional small group discussion method improved cognitive achievement and retention of basic principles of bioethics. (Med J Indones 2009; 18: 48-52) Keywords: lecture, specification checklist, multiple choice questions

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