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INDONESIA
Medical Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 08531773     EISSN : 22528083     DOI : 10.13181
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
This quarterly medical journal is an official scientific journal of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia in collaboration with German-Indonesian Medical Association (DIGM) Indexed in: IMSEAR; CAB Abstracts; Global Health; HINARI; DOAJ; DRJI; Google Scholar; JournalTOCs; Ulrichsweb Global Serial Directory; WorldCat; New Jour; Electronic Journals Library; ISJD Accredited (2013-2018) by DIKTI Kemendikbud Republik Indonesia (No:58/DIKTI/Kep/2013)
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Articles 12 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 18 No. 3 (2009): July-September" : 12 Documents clear
Detection of Cryptosporidium sp infection by PCR and modified acid fast staining from potassium dichromate preserved stool
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 3 (2009): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v18i3.354

Abstract

Aim: To identify the frequency of Cryptosporidium infection in children below 3 years old by examining concentrated long term preserved stool using PCR detection of 18S rRNA gene and compared with modified acid fast staining technique. Methods: Hundred eighty eight stools from children ≤ 3 years old were stored for 13 months in 2.5% K2Cr2O7 solution at 40 C. Cryptosporidium oocysts were isolated by water-ether concentration technique. The concentrates were smeared onto object glass and stained with modified acid fast staining, and the rest of the concentrates were DNA extracted by freezing and thawing cycles and proteinase K digestion, then direct PCR was done to detect 18S rRNA gene. Result: The proportion of positive stools for Cryptosporidium sp by acid fast staining from concentrated stools and 18S rRNA PCR were 4.8% and 34.6% respectively, which showed statistically significant difference. Conclusion: The frequency of Cryptosporidium infection among children ≤ 3 years old was very high and stool storage in K2Cr2O7 for 13 months did not affect the PCR result. High prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection indicated high transmission in that area and the potential to be transmitted to other individuals such as the immunocompromised. (Med J Indones 2009;18:147-52)
Dissolution test of various low-dose acetylsalicylic acid preparations marketed in Indonesia
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 3 (2009): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v18i3.355

Abstract

Aim To compare the dissolution profi les of various enteric-coated low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) tablets marketed in Indonesia. Methods The dissolution study was carried out according to US Pharmacocopoeiae (USP) /European Pharmacopoeiae, method A, using USP apparatus 1 (basket) 100 rpm, with 2 media: 0.1 N HCl, 120 minutes for acid stage, and phosphate buffer pH 6.8, 90 minutes for buffer stage. The sampling points were 120 minutes for the acid stage, and every 10 minutes until 90 minutes for the buffer stage. The acetylsalicylic acid was assayed using spectrophotometry at 280 nm for the acid stage, and at 265 nm for the buffer stage. The free salicylic acid was determined only at the end of the buffer stage with HPLC method. There were 6 test products (Cardio Aspirin® 100 mg, Aptor® 100 mg, Ascardia® 80 mg, Thrombo Aspilet® 80 mg, Astika® 100 mg and Farmasal® 100 mg), 3 batches for each product, and 6 units for each batch. Results The amount of ASA released from each ASA product tested at the end of acid stage (120 minutes) ranged from 1.79% for Cardio Aspirin® to 6.92% for Thrombo Aspilet®, all conformed to the compendial requirement for enteric-coated product (< 10%). The amount of salicylic acid observed at the end of the dissolution test ranged from 3.47% for Cardio Aspirin® to 10.90% for Astika® and 11.90 % for Thrombo Aspilet®. Thrombo Aspilet® showed sustained-release properties, causing high variability in ASA release, such that one of the 3 batches tested did not fulfill the compendial requirement of more than 75% (the release was only 55.11%). High variability in ASA release between batches was also found with Farmasal® at 10, 20, and 30 minutes in buffer medium. The lowest effective dose of ASA as an antiplatelet drug for longterm use is 75 mg of plain ASA, and this is equivalent to 100 mg of enteric-coated ASA. Conclusions All of the low-dose ASA preparations marketed in Indonesia are enteric-coated products, while Thrombo Aspilet® is not only an enteric-coated but also a sustained-release product. Cardio Aspirin®, followed by Aptor®, has the right dose for low-dose enteric-coated preparation (100 mg), produces consistent ASA release between batches, and the most stable towards deacetylation (antiplatelet inactivation). (Med J Indones 2009;18:159-64)
Microbiology aspect of wound infection: in-vitro test for efficacy of hydrophobic dressing in microorganism binding
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 3 (2009): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v18i3.356

Abstract

Aim To do in vitro test to assess the efficacy of hydrophobic dressing Cutimed®Sorbact® to bind multiresistant bacteria that caused wound infection, the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Method This was a cross sectional study that was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, on January 2009. In-vitro testing of sterile hydrophobic dressing to bind microorganisms was conducted by counting MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa that were bound to 1 square centimetre of single layer sterile hydrophobic dressing (Cutimed®Sorbact® ). Every test was done in triplicate at 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours. To compare the hydrophobic dressing capability to bind microorganisms, in vitro testing of sterile conventional dressing to bind microorganisms on 0.5 minutes and 2 hours was done. Result The binding capacity of sterile hydrophobic dressing began at 0.5 minutes and teached a maximum at 2 hours. Compared with conventional dressing, sterile hydrophobic dressing had more binding capability to MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion Hydrophobic dressing (Cutimed®Sorbact® ) had a higher capability to bind MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to conventional dressing. (Med J Indones 2009;18:155-60)
Glimepiride monotherapy in achieving good blood glucose control in type-2 diabetes mellitus: a prospective observational study
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 3 (2009): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v18i3.357

Abstract

Aims Glimepiride is a sulphonylurea antihyperglycemic agent for oral therapy of type-2 diabetes mellitus. This study was carried out to evaluate glimepiride monotherapy in controlling blood glucose (HbA1c) in type-2 DM patients, its dosage, and safety profile. Methods This was a prospective observational study carried out at 4 private clinics in Semarang, Jambi, Mojokerto and Medan between October 2006 and September 2007 in outpatients of both gender, aged > 20 years, with type-2 DM, HbA1c > 7%, and received no oral antidiabetic treatment for at least 3 months. Glimepiride tablet was given once daily for 3 months. Results From 74 eligible patients, 18 patients were lost to follow-up and 56 patients completed this 3 months study, consisting of 26 treatment-naive patients and 30 previously treated patients. The initial and final doses of glimepiride were similar in both treatment-naive patients and previously treated patients (initial 2.0 mg, final 2.3 mg). The meanreduction of HbA1c levels was 1.8% (absolute) for all patients, higher in naive patients (2.3%) compared to previously treated patients (1.3%). Based on BMI, the mean reduction of HbA1c in 20 normal weight patients was 1.3%, and more marked in 20 obese patients (2.4%). The mean reduction of FBG levels in all patients was 54 mg/dL, more pronouncedin naive patients ( 83 mg/dL) compared to previously treated patients (30 mg/dL), but not affected by body weight. Bodyweight was increased during the study by a mean of 0.9 kg. No adverse event was encountered in any patient during 3 months monotherapy with glimepiride in the present study. Conclusion Glimepiride monotherapy in the present observational study in daily practice for 3 months was shown to be effective in reducing HbA1c and FBG levels, especially in treatment naive patients. Glimepiride in the present study was associated with weight gain, although not statistically signifi cant. No adverse event was reported in the present study. (Med J Indones 2009;18:170-8)
Interleukin-10 serum level in acute coronary syndrome patients
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 3 (2009): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v18i3.358

Abstract

Aim To compare plasma IL-10 concentrations in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) with those in Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Methods ACS patients hospitalized in intensive coronary care unit (ICCU) of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital/Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia (CMH/FMUI), Persahabatan Hospital, MMC Hospital, and Medistra Hospital, Jakarta, between May 2005 and May 2006, were included in this study. The ambulatory CAD patients were taken as comparator. The serum IL-10 level was measured by immunoassay method, and compared by using Independent Student’s t-test. To investigate whether IL-10 serum level could predict ACS, the sensitivity and specificity of this parameter towards SKA in various IL-10 serum levels were calculated as well. Results In this observational study, as many as 146 subjects were analyzed, consisting of 84 ACS patients, and 62 coronary artery disease (CAD). The IL-10 level was higher in the group of ACS patients (7.37 pg/mL + 7.81, CI 95% 5.68-9.07) than that in CAD patients (1.59 pg/mL + 1.55, CI 95% 1.2-1.98). The optimal cut-off point for serum IL-10level is >1.95 pg/mL, with 79.76 % sensitivity and 77.42 % specificity. Conclusion The IL-10 level was higher in the ACS patients compared to that in CAD patients. Serum IL-10 measurement is a quite superior method to distinguish acute and stable condition, eventhough it is not as good as hsCRP for the same purpose. (Med J Indones 2009;18:165-9)
Morphometry of Deutero Malay female nose
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 3 (2009): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v18i3.359

Abstract

Aim The objective of this study is to carry out morphometric measurements of the nose, in order to establish norms for the Indonesian as the representation of Asian, specifically for the Deutero Malay sub race. Method A cross sectional study was performed on 126 subjects, recruited from female students of Medical Faculty, the University of Indonesia, Jakarta. Subjects were restricted within Deutero Malay sub race (including ethnic groups of Aceh, Jawa, Sunda, Minangkabau, Riau and Bugis) in 3 generations. Subjects were photographed with digital camera in frontal, left lateral and basal view. Then from the photographs which were stored as JPEG files, linear as well as angular measurements were carried out. Results The intercanthal width is 3.56 cm + 0.27, alar width 4.14 cm + 0.28, length of the nose 4.0 cm + 0.21, pronasion projection 2.29 cm + 0.26 and tip angle 111.5o + 4.4, nasofrontal angle 134.6o + 7.3, nasofacial angle 36.3o + 4.3, nasolabial angle 90.4o + 8.3, and nasion projection 0.43 cm + 0.22. Conclusions The data collected from this study can be used as norms for Deutero Malay cases and will serve as a guide for quick reference, when planning aesthetic or reconstructive rhinoplasties for the Deutero Malay patient. (Med J Indones 2009;18:189-92)
The Sensitivity and Specificity of a new Scoring System Using High Resolution Computed Tomography to Diagnose Lung Cancer
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 3 (2009): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v18i3.360

Abstract

Aim To find a non-invasive diagnostic method for lung cancer with the results almost as accurate as histopathological examinations using HRCT scoring system. Method This study was conducted from December 2006 until March 2008. A total of 55 persons, comprised of 40 male and 15 female patients suspected of having lung cancer, underwent high resolution computed tomography with and without contrast as well as CT-guided transthoracic needle aspiration to obtain cytology specimens. Results Histopathological examinations revealed the existence of lung cancer in 43 patients (78%) and benign lesions in 12 patients (22%). A scoring system was then made based on the similarities of findings from CT and histopathologic examinations. In the the age group of 49 years and above, tumor volume of more than 68 cm3, HU of more than 21, spicula positive, angiogram positive and lymph node positive had a value of respectively 20, 19, 10, 24, 18, and 17 (total score 108). Conclusion This new method to diagnose lung cancer is constantly as accurate as histological findings with a sensitivity of 97.7% and a specificity of 83,3% and a cut-off score of 35. According to this system, a score of less than 35 indicates that the lesions were benign while a score higher than 35 is suggestive malignant. (Med J Indones 2009;18:179-86)
Effect of a six-month iron-zinc fortified milk supplementation on nutritional status, physical capacity and speed learning process in Indonesian underweight schoolchildren: randomized, placebo-controlled
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 3 (2009): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v18i3.361

Abstract

Aim to evaluated the effect of milk supplementation enriched with iron and zinc on indicators of growth, physical capacity and cognitive performance in underweight school-children. Method Two-armed, randomized controlled double-blind trial was performed in several primary schools in Jakarta and Surakarta, Indonesia. A total of 245 underweight schoolchildren aged 7-9 years living in urban poor areas of Jakarta and Solo were randomly allocated to receive two cups of iron-zinc fortified-milk (n = 121) or non-iron-zinc fortified milk (n= 124) supplementation daily for six months. Biochemical indicators, anthropometric indices, physical capacity and cognitive performance were measured at before and after the supplementation. Results The study shows that between the fortified and non-fortified milk group, there was no significant different in haemoglobin increase (0.01 + 0.96 mg/dL versus 0.17 + 0.81 mg/dL) nor serum ferritin increase (12.77 + 25.50 mcg/dL versus 14.99 + 29.56 mcg/dL). Unexpectedly, decreased in serum zinc was found in both groups (3.01 + 3.24 mMol/dL and 3.12 + 3.71 mMol/dL). There was significant higher increment (P=0.045) in body weight among the fortified milk group (1.31 + 0.69 kg) as compared to the non-fortified group (1.13 + 0.69 kg). Consistently, there was significant increase (P=0.025) in the indicator of underweight (WAZ) among the fortified milk group (1.47 + 0.50) as compared to the non-fortified group (1.33 + 0.47). There was significant improvement (P=0.001) of cognitive performance, i.e. coding test-score among the fortified group (12.74 + 11.76) as compared to the non-fortified group (8.31 + 9.60), but there was no significant difference found in the improvement of physical capacity score in both groups (10323.77 + 9253.83 versus 8435.94 + 8824.55). Conclusion Among underweight schoolchildren aged 7-9 y, supplementation of milk fortified with iron and zinc can provide better growth, and better speed processing of learning ability. (Med J Indones 2009; 18: 193-202)
Low physical activity work-related and other risk factors increased the risk of poor physical fitness in cement workers
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 3 (2009): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v18i3.362

Abstract

Aim Low physical activity causes poor physical fitness, which leads to low productivity. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of low work-related physical activity and other risk factors on physical fitness. Methods This study was done in February 2008. Subjects were workers from 15 departments in PT Semen Padang, West Sumatera (Indonesia). Data on physical activities were collected using the questionnaire from the Student Field Work I Guidebook and Hypertension-Geriatric Integrated Program of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia 2003. Physical fitness was measured using the Harvard Step Test. Results A number of 937 male workers aged 18 - 56 years participated in this study. Poor physical fitness was found in 15.9% of the subjects. Low work-related physical activity, smoking, lack of exercise, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and asthma were dominant risk factors related to poor physical fitness. Subjects with low compared to high work-related activity had a ten-fold risk of poor physical fitness [adjusted odds ratio (ORa) = 10.71; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.71-24.33]. In term of physical exercise, subjects who had no compared to those who had physical exercise had a six-fold risk of poor physical fitness (ORa = 6.30; 95%CI = 3.69-10.75). Conclusion Low work-related physical activities, smoking, lack of exercise, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and asthma were correlated to poor physical fitness. It is, among others, therefore necessary to implement exercises for workers with poor physical fitness. (Med J Indones. 2009;18:201-5)
Problem based learning and involvement in off campus organization enhance students’ critical participation behavior
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 3 (2009): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v18i3.363

Abstract

Aim Developing students’ critical thinking and critical participation in solving patients’ as well as a community’s problem should become the concern of medical education. This study aimed to identify several factors related to medical students’ critical participation behavior. Methods The subjects consisted of students of Sultan Agung Medical School (Unissula), year entry 2005, 2006, and 2007. Critical participation behavior was assessed using modified EMI: Critical Thinking Disposition Assessment. Relative risks (RR) were calculated using Cox regression analysis with constant time. Results 64,6% (388 out of 600) of the students participated in this study. Those who were involved in PBL for two and three years, rather than one year, had twice as high good critical thinking behavior [adjusted relative risk (RR) = 2.07; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.37–3.14; and RR = 2.33; 95% CI = 155–3.49, respectively.] Students who were more involved in off- campus organizations had a good critical participation behavior; 75% higher than those who were not involved in off-campus organizations (RR = 1.75; 95% CI = 0.99–3.11). Conclusion Besides involving in PBL learning approach, students should be motivated to be involved in off-campus organizations in order to improve their critical participation behavior (Med J Indones 2009;18:215-20)

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