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INDONESIA
Medical Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 08531773     EISSN : 22528083     DOI : 10.13181
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
This quarterly medical journal is an official scientific journal of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia in collaboration with German-Indonesian Medical Association (DIGM) Indexed in: IMSEAR; CAB Abstracts; Global Health; HINARI; DOAJ; DRJI; Google Scholar; JournalTOCs; Ulrichsweb Global Serial Directory; WorldCat; New Jour; Electronic Journals Library; ISJD Accredited (2013-2018) by DIKTI Kemendikbud Republik Indonesia (No:58/DIKTI/Kep/2013)
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Articles 12 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 19 No. 1 (2010): February" : 12 Documents clear
Androgen receptor levels during progression of prostate cancer in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate model
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 1 (2010): February
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v19i1.376

Abstract

Aim To construct tissue microarrays (TMAs) that consisted of prostate tumours from the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice and non-transgenic murine prostates and to assess androgen receptor (AR) levels during progression of prostate cancer in TRAMP mice by immunohistochemistry.Methods Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) sections from the ventral and dorso-lateral prostate lobes of non-transgenic, intact TRAMP and castrated TRAMP were used to demarcate regions of interest for TMAs construction. The samples on TMAs were used to evaluate AR expression using video image analysis (VIA).Results AR was expressed during cancer progression, but AR levels were reduced or absent in late stage disease. Furthermore, when AR levels were compared in tumours from intact and castrate animals, a significant increase in AR levels was observed following androgen ablation.Conclusion Similar to clinical prostate cancer, in the TRAMP model, prostate tumours evolve mechanisms to maintain AR expression and AR responsive gene pathways following castration to facilitate continued tumour growth. (Med J Indones 2010; 19:5-13)Keywords : androgen ablation therapy, tissue microarrays, haematoxylin and eosin, video image analysis
CYP2A6 gene polymorphisms impact to nicotine metabolism
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 1 (2010): February
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v19i1.377

Abstract

Nicotine is a major addictive compound in tobacco cigarette smoke. After being absorbed by the lung nicotine is rapidly metabolized and mainly inactivated to cotinine by hepatic cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) enzyme. Genetic polymorphisms in CYP2A6 may play a role in smoking behavior and nicotine dependence. CYP2A6*1A is the wild type of the CYP2A6 gene which is associated with normal or extensive nicotine metabolism. In the CYP2A6 gene, several polymorphic alleles have been reported such as CYP2A6*4, CYP2A6*7, CYP2A6*9, and CYP2A6*10 which are related to decreasing nicotine metabolism activity. The variation of nicotine metabolism activity could alter nicotine plasma levels. Smokers need a certain level of nicotine in their brain and must smoke regularly because of nicotine’s short half-life; this increases the number of smoked cigarettes in extensive metabolizers. Meanwhile, in slow metabolizers, nicotine plasma level may increase and results in nicotine toxicity. This will eventually lower the risk of dependence. (Med J Indones 2010; 19:46-51) Keywords: cotinine, hepatic cytochrome P450 2A6, smoking behavior
Cytology technique: development of a simple spot method for cultured cell suspension
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 1 (2010): February
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v19i1.378

Abstract

Aim To develop a simple spot method to attach cultured cells in suspension on to a glass slide. Methods We compared three approaches using both conventional and special glass slide (Shandon-Polysin), either without additional fetal bovine serum (FBS), or with addition of 3 or 10 μl of FBS to a 20 μl sample (altogether there were six approaches). The slides were examined qualitatively for the background color, boundary color and intactness, and whether there were folded and detached parts. Further, for each slide, the attached intact cells were counted, and the percentage of attached intact cells per number of spotted cells was calculated. The difference in attach intact cells between different approaches was analyzed by ANOVA using SPSS 13.0 for windows. Results There were no significant difference in the percentage of attached intact cells between the six approaches (P= 0.804), though the approach using special glass slide without additional FBS (FBS final concentration 5%) yield the highest percentage of attached intact cells, showed clean background without folded parts. Conclusions We have developed a simple spot method for cultured cell suspension, and the best approach to make spot specimen is using special glass slide with 5% FBS in the cell suspension. (Med J Indones 2010; 19:26-31) Keywords: spot specimen, special glass slide, fetal bovine serum
Gene expression of manganese superoxide dismutase in human glioma cells
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 1 (2010): February
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v19i1.379

Abstract

Aim This study analyze the MnSOD gene expression as endogenous antioxidant in human glioma cells compared with leucocyte cells as control. Methods MnSOD gene expression of 20 glioma patients was analyzed by measuring the relative expression of mRNA and enzyme activity of MnSOD in brain and leucocyte cells. The relative expression of mRNA MnSOD was determined by using quantitative Real Time RT-PCR and the enzyme activity of MnSOD using biochemical kit assay (xantine oxidase inhibition). Statistic analysis for mRNA and enzyme activity of MnSOD was performed using Kruskal Wallis test. Results mRNA of MnSOD in glioma cells of 70% sample was 0.015–0.627 lower, 10% was 1.002-1.059 and 20% was 1.409-6.915 higher than in leucocyte cells. Also the specific activity of MnSOD enzyme in glioma cells of 80% sample showed 0,064-0,506 lower and 20% sample was 1.249-2.718 higher than in leucocyte cells. Conclusion MnSOD gene expression in human glioma cells are significantly lower than its expression in leucocytes cells. (Med J Indones 2010; 19:21-5) Keywords : MnSOD, glioma, gene expression
Immunogenicity characterization of mononucleated cells originated from umbillical cord blood
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 1 (2010): February
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v19i1.380

Abstract

Aim Umbilical cord blood mononucleated (UCBMC) cells has been shown to be the stem cells originated from umbilical cord blood. To date, UCBMC has been introduced as an alternative source for stem cells used in autologous and allogeneic transplantations. Several clinical studies have demonstrated that UCBMCs required less stringent selection for HLA matches between donor and recipient with less cases of graft versus host reaction. In this study, UCBMCs are known to contain many stem cells, were characterized and compared to peripheral blood for their immunogenic profile. Methods To elucidate the potential of UCBMC alloreactivity, mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay was performed. The donor and effectors cells were HLA-typed using PCR method to determine their alloreactivity. Further, to distinguish the level of HLA class I and II expression flowcytometry was done using monoclonal antibodies against those molecules. All the analyse were carried out on UCBMCs and peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMCs). Results The result of MLR assay showed that there was less IFN-γ secretion detected in the co-cultured medium in the presence of UCBMCs compared to PBMCs counterpart, indicating less possible rejection of UCBMC. Further, we found that there were only 1-3 alleles of HLA match (out of 8 alleles) among the PBMCs and UCBMCs. By using flowcytometry assay, we could further demonstrate lower HLA Class I expression level with less amount of HLA Class II expressing cells in UCBMC compared to those in PBMCs. Conclusion These findings clearly demonstrate the low immunogenicity of UCBMCs, based on the low level of secreted IFN-γ in the MLR assay, low expression level of HLA Class I, and small population of HLA Class II expressing cells. The outcomes from this study would raise a better understanding in the usage of umbilical cord blood as an alternative source of stem cells for allogeneic transplantation. (Med J Indones 2010; 19:14-20) Keywords: umbilical cord blood, immunogenicity, stem cell
Negative impact of imflammation and insulin resistance on the biogenesis of HDL-c in Indonesian men with metabolic syndrome
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 1 (2010): February
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v19i1.381

Abstract

Aim To find out the relationship between inflammation and insulin resistance with impaired HDL biogenesis that cause low HDL-c concentrationMethods Using a cross-sectional design, this study involved 163 adult men, aged 25-60 years old with metabolic syndrome (IDF criteria, 2005), without liver and kidney dysfunction. This study was undertaken in Jakarta in the year 2007-2009. Measured indicators were serum apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA-1), prebeta-1 HDL, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), HDL cholesterol (HDL-c), body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and triglyceride. The apoA-1/HDL-c ratios were taken as indicator of HDL maturation, whereas CETP/HDL-c and CETP/TG ratios were indicated HDL catabolism. high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) and HOMA-IR were taken as indicator of inflammation and insulin resistance, respectively. Data were analyzed by using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis.Results Positive correlations were found between hsCRP and CETP (rs= 0.200, p= 0.042), and CETP/HDL-c ratios (rs= 0.188, p= 0.013). HOMA-IR positively correlated with apoA-1/HDL-c ratios (rs= 0.190, p= 0.016) and negatively correlated with the CETP/TG ratios (rs= -0.162, p= 0.04). Results of general linear model analysis showed that serum hsCRP concentration had the highest contribution to CETP/HDL-c ratios, apoA-1, dan CETP (p= 0.009; 0.016; 0.054, respectively).Conclusions Inflammation and insulin resistance related to dysfunction of HDL biogenesis in men with metabolic syndrome. The inflammation correlated with increased HDL catabolism, whereas the insulin resistance correlated with decreased HDL maturation and increased HDL catabolism. These may lead to low HDL-c concentration. Inflammation had higher contribution to HDL biogenesis factors than insulin resistance. (Med J Indones 2010; 19:36-45)Keywords: hsCRP, HOMA-IR, apoA-1, prebeta-1 HDL, CETP, HDL-c and metabolic syndrome
Prevention of endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by Sargassum echinocarpum extract
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 1 (2010): February
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v19i1.382

Abstract

Aim This study aimed to elicit the protective effect of Sargassum echinocarpum extract on endothelial dysfunction in thoracic aorta of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods The animals were divided into 5 groups. The first was normal, the second was diabetic non treated animals. The third to fifth groups were the diabetic animals which given Sargassum echinocarpum extract (150; 300, and 450 mg kg-1 body weight, respectively) by oral gavage and extract treatment was given for 12 weeks. Diabetes was induced by single administration of streptozotocin (45 mg kg-1, i.p.), dissolved in freshly prepared 0.1 M citrate buffer, pH 4.5. Diabetes was confirmed ten days latter in streptozotocin induced animals showing blood glucose levels > 200 mg dL-1 (11.1 mmol L-1) as monitored in the blood from tail vein using glucometer. After the treatment period, the blood serum acquired was used for antioxidant enzymes assays and the thoracic aorta was used for vasorelaxation assay. Results There was a significant decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) in diabetic rats (3.31 ± 0.12;67.17 ± 0.62;35.10 ± 0.83) comaped to control rats (9.97 ± 0.12;185.31 ± 0.23;116.38 ± 0.88). Administration of Sargassum extract increased the activity of SOD, CAT, and GSH-px. The diabetic rats exhibit endothelial dysfunction as shown by loss of vasodilatory response to acethylcholine (ACH). This was restored by administration of Sargassum extract. Conclusion Sargassum echinocarpum extract ameliorates oxidative stress and reverses the endothelial dysfunction associated with diabetes. This effect appears to be due to its antioxidant properties. (Med J Indones 2010; 19:32-5) Keywords: oxidative stress, sargassum echinocarpum, endothelium dependent relaxation, thoracic aorta
Assessing Endothelial Function in Normotensive Overweight Adolescent Using Dundee Step Test
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 1 (2010): February
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v19i1.383

Abstract

Aim Normotensive overweight adolescents may have endothelial dysfunction which is not clinically detected in a routine clinical examination. The purpose of this study was to detect endothelial dysfunction in normotensive overweight using Dundee step test. Methods Sixty two subjects consist of 31 normoweight and 31 overweight group participated in this study. Blood pressure measurement was taken at rest and after 3 minutes Dundee step test. Hyper-responder was defined if systolic blood pressure reach 180 mmHg or more after 3 minutes exercise. Results Mann-Whitney test showed that overweight subjects had significantly higher resting systolic blood pressure, post exercise blood pressure anf magnitude of SBP change (Δ SBP) compared to control subjects (116.5 vs 112.8; 163.8 vs 142.7 vs; and 47.3 vs 29.9; P<0.05). Twenty six percent of overweight was diagnosed as hyper-responder. Conclusion There was significant association between overweight and ExSBP indicating endothelial dysfunction in normotensive overweight adolescents. (Med J Indones 2010; 19:52-6) Keywords: adolescent, Dundee step test, endothelial dysfunction, overweight, systolic blood pressure
The Relationship Between Retinol/Retinol Binding Protein 4 ratio, resistin and inflammation in non diabetic obese Indonesian men
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 1 (2010): February
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v19i1.384

Abstract

Aim To verify the correlation between Retinol/RBP4 Ratio, and resistin with inflammation (represented by hsCRP) in non-diabetic obese Indonesian men Methods This was a cross sectional study using 125 subjects. Measured parameters were retinol, RBP4, resistin, and hsCRP. Correlation between retinol, RBP4, resistin, hsCRP and Retinol/RBP4 Ratio was calculated. Cut off point of hsCRP were classiied as follows: <1 mg/l for low risk of inflammation, 1-3 mg/l for moderate risk, and 3-10 mg/l for high risk (according to CVD risk). The Retinol/RBP4 ratio was dichotomized into high (>0.9) and low ratio (≤0.9). The cross tabulation test was performed to predict the inflammation trends described by Retinol/RBP4 Ratio and resistin. Results Retinol was found strongly correlated with RBP4 and resistin (r=0.53; p<0.01). A positive but not significant correlation was found between resistin and Retinol/RBP4 Ratio with hsCRP. In high ratio group, 17.6% subjects were found with low risk inflammation, 26.4% with moderate risk, and 20.8% with high risk, in low ratio group, 8% subjects were low risk inflammation, 20% moderate risk, and 7.2% high risk. Combination between ratio and resistin showed that in “high ratio and low resistin” group, 12% subjects have low risk of inflammation and 8% have high risk. Meanwhile in “low ratio and high resistin” group, 3.2% subjects were found having low risk and 13.6% high risk of inflammation. Conclusions Combination between Retinol/RBP4 Ratio and resistin showed better description about the inflammation risk in non-diabetic obese subjects compare to the ratio itself. (Med J Indones 2010; 19:57-63) Keywords: Retinol, RBP4, resistin, hsCRP, obesity, inflammation
Epidemiology of human avian influenza in Indonesia, 2005-2009: a descriptive analysis
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 1 (2010): February
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v19i1.385

Abstract

Aim The study set out to better understand the epidemiology, natural history, therapeutic management and outcomes associated with confirmed human cases of Avian Influenza (AI) in Indonesia. Methods This observational study utilized data from 93 cases with laboratory-confirmed H5N1 Influenza between September 2005 and August 2009. Cases were identified through records obtained from the Ministry of Health, as well as the Provincial health office and district health office records. Categorical data were analyzed with frequency tables, chi-square tests, and relative risks, and continuous data were analyzed using univariate statistics and Wilcoxon tests. Results Most subjects (54%) first presented to a physician’s office or clinic. All of the subjects were hospitalized, and the vast majority (85%) had respiratory symptoms as their predominant symptom at presentation. There was no clear association of any of these case characteristics with survival. Cases with direct poultry exposure were 2.8 times more likely to receive oseltamivir treatment than those without direct exposure (RR = 2.89, 95% CI 1.44 – 5.78). While the overall number of survivors was small, cases with documented oseltamivir treatment were approximately 24% more likely to survive than cases for which oseltamivir treatment was not documented (RR 1.24; 95% CI: 0.34-4.58). In oseltamivir treated cases, the median time from symptom onset to start of antiviral treatment was 2.5 days in survivors compared to 7.0 days for those who died. Fatality, therefore, may be related to delay in initiation of treatment after presentation. Conclusions The data suggest that early treatment with the antiviral drug oseltamivir may play an important role in survival. However, a low clinical suspicion of disease likely remains an important impediment to early diagnosis. Therefore, a clear policy for the protocol of early diagnosis & treatment of febrile illness including influenza is necessary. (Med J Indones 2010; 19:64-70) Keywords: human avian influenza, antiviral drugs, oseltamivir, survival, Indonesia

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