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Medical Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 08531773     EISSN : 22528083     DOI : 10.13181
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
This quarterly medical journal is an official scientific journal of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia in collaboration with German-Indonesian Medical Association (DIGM) Indexed in: IMSEAR; CAB Abstracts; Global Health; HINARI; DOAJ; DRJI; Google Scholar; JournalTOCs; Ulrichsweb Global Serial Directory; WorldCat; New Jour; Electronic Journals Library; ISJD Accredited (2013-2018) by DIKTI Kemendikbud Republik Indonesia (No:58/DIKTI/Kep/2013)
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Articles 13 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 19 No. 4 (2010): November" : 13 Documents clear
Proatherogenic or antiatherogenic high density lipoprotein type in acute coronary syndrome and healthy male person
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 4 (2010): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v19i4.407

Abstract

Aim: To make proatherogenic/antiatherogenic HDL type criteria using Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), Neopterin and HDL-cholesterol levels, which may be useful in clinical practice.Methods: This was a case control study recruiting 52 subjects with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) and 30 control healthy subjects. HDL type was classifi ed into antiatherogenic and  proatherogenic based on the levels of ApoA-I, PON-1, Neopterin and HDL-cholesterol. Concentrations of ApoA-I was measured by immunoturbidimetry method, PON-1 was measured by colorimetric method, Neopterin was measured by ELISA, and HDL-C was determined by homogenous method. Univariate logistic regression analysis was done using ACS as a dependent variable and levels of ApoA-I, PON-1, Neopterin andHDL-cholesterol as independent variables. Proatherogenic/ antiatherogenic HDL type was determined by using ApoA-I, PON-1, Neopterin and HDL-cholesterol cut off and odd ratios.Results: Patient’s age was 50.89 + 12.63 year, HDL-C was 39.82 + 9.84 mg/dL, Apo A-1 was 119.77 + 32.05 mg/ dL, PON-1 was 41.26 + 18.19 kU/L, Neopterin was 16.22 + 38.10 nmol/L. Cut offs of ApoA-I, PON-1 and Neopterin successively were 124.5 mg/dL, 40.8 kU/L, and 7.016 nmol/L. On univariate logistic regression analysis showed that OR of ApoA-I, PON-1 and Neopterin respectively were 29.759 (95% CI : 4.074 – 217.382), 1.647 (95% CI : 0.412 – 6.586), 4.317 (95% CI : 1.098 – 16.977). Using scoring system, we concluded that total score > 18 was proatherogenic HDL type, and total score < 18 was antiatherogenic HDL type. With this scoring we found 78.85% had proatherogenic HDL type in ACS population.Conclusions: Dysfunctional HDL or proatherogenic/anti atherogenic  HDL type can be predicted by using ApoA-I– PON-1–Neopterin–HDL-cholesterol scoring system. Those with score of 18 are supposed to have antiatherogenic HDL type, and those with score of > 18 were having proatherogenic HDL type. (Med J Indones 2010; 19:228-34)Keywords: ApoliproteinA-I (ApoA-I), HDL-cholesterol, neopterin, paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), proatherogenic/antiatherogenic HDL
Simultaneous detection of Legionella species and Legionella pneumophila by duplex PCR (dPCR) assay in cooling tower water samples from Jakarta, Indonesia
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 4 (2010): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v19i4.408

Abstract

Aim: Since culture method is time-consuming and has low sensitivity, we developed a duplex PCR (dPCR) assay for the detection of Legionella sp. and L. pneumophila in cooling tower samples. We used culture method as a gold standard. Methods: Optimization of dPCR method was performed to obtain an assay with high sensitivity and specifi city. The optimized method was used to detect Legionella sp. dan L. pneumophila in 9 samples obtained from 9 buildings in Jakarta. For culture method, the bacteria were grown or isolated on selective growth factor supplemented-buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE) media. Results: Of 9 samples tested by dPCR assay, 6 were positive for Legionella species,1 was positive for L. pneumophila, and 2 showed negative results. For the same samples, no Legionella sp. was detected by the culture method. Conclusion: dPCR assay was much more sensitive than the culture method and was potentially used as a rapid, specifi c and sensitive test for routine detection of Legionella sp. dan for L. pneumophila in water samples. (Med J Indones 2010; 19:223-7)
The differences in metabolic responses between dietary orotate and adenine in lipid profiles of serum and liver tissues
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 4 (2010): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v19i4.409

Abstract

Aim: Objectives to evalate the differences in metabolic responses between dietary orotic acid and adenine in lipid profiles of serum and liver tissues.Methods: Rats were paired-fed 1.0 % orotic acid (orotic acid group) and 0.25 % adenine (adenine group) diets or a non-supplemented diet (control group) for 10 days. Serum lipid concentrations were measured using enzyme assay kits. Lipids of liver tissues were extracted and the lipid contents were  determined.Results: Serum lipid concentrations (in mg/dL) of adenine group tended to increase whereas those levels decreased in orotic acid group compared to control group. The serum triglyceride (TG) concentrations of control, orotic acid, and adenine groups were (78.1±14.9), (69.0±23.6), and (136.1±21.6); phospholipids (PL): (109.2±11.5), (93.3±10.5), and (131.3±11.0); total cholesterol: (53.7±4.6), (42.9±6.5), and (68.1±5.8); and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol: (35.4±2.7),(33.0±3.0), and (44.7±2.7), respectively. Furthermore, liver TG content of orotic acid group markedly increased. The increase was approximately by 10-fold in comparison to other groups (P<0.05). The lipid contents of liver tissues (in mg/g tissue) in ordinarily of those three groups for TG were (11.4±1.3), (123.5±15.2), and (11.9±1.2); PL: (27.1±0.8), (25.4±1.3), and (30.7±0.6); and the total cholesterol: (2.73±0.09), (2.34±0.12), and (2.91±0.08), respectively. The liver PL and cholesterol content of adenine group increased by 21% and 25% than that of orotic acid group, but both lipid levels of the latter group increased by 7% and 15%, respectively, than that of the control group.Conclusion: Dietary adenine enhances the serum TG, PL, cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol and the liver PL and cholesterol but without alters the liver TG levels. Dietary orotic acid, however, attenuates these serum lipid levels but retains those lipids  synthesized in liver cells, mainly TG. (Med J Indones 2010; 19:217-22)Keywords: Adenine, liver lipids, lipogenesis, orotic acid, serum  lipids
Analysis of fatty acids in Ghee and olive oil and their probable causal effect in lipoid pneumonia
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 4 (2010): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v19i4.410

Abstract

Aim: To analyze and identify the fatty acids found in homemade ghee and in olive oil and compare those to fatty acids found in bronchoalevolar lavage of children with lipoid pneumonia. Methods: The fatty acids found in homemade fat "Ghee" and olive oil were analyzed by gas chromatography. Methyl ester derivatives suitable for GC analysis were prepared directly from olive oil or from Ghee using anhydrous methanolic-HCl. Bronchoscopy and bronchoalevolar lavage was performed in eight children aged between 2 and 4 years, all with history of using homemade ghee and/or olive oil in the recumbent position. Results: The analysis of fatty acids in Ghee and olive oil show similar gas chromatographic pattern as those of bronchoalevolar lavage. Conclusion: The three fatty acids responsible for the deleterious effects of lipoid pneumonia were identified. Lipoid pneumonia should be one of the differentials diagnosis in children presenting with respiratory distress. (Med J Indones 2010; 19:252-7)
Colorectal cancer among young native Indonesians: A clinicopathological and molecular assessment on microsatellite instability
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 4 (2010): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v19i4.411

Abstract

Aim: To obtain clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer among young native Indonesians and to assess MLH1, MSH2, and SMAD4 protein expressions, comparing them with a matched population of colorectal cancer patients aged 60 years old and older.Methods: Medical records of colorectal cancer patients aged 40 years or younger and 60 years or older from several hospitals in three Indonesian cities – Jakarta, Makassar, and Bandung - were reviewed. The “native” ethnic groups were selected from those originating from Java, Makassar (South Celebes),  Minangkabau (West Sumatra). Ethnicity of 121 colorectal  carcinoma patients was confirmed by fulfilling requirements in a questionnaire. Tumor specimens of those patients underwent evaluation for histopathology, tumor grading as well as  immunohistochemical analysis to assess MLH1, MSH2 protein expressions to detect microsatellite instability mutation pathway and SMAD4 protein expression to reconfirm that the specimens were not microsatellite instability origin.Results: There were 121 colorectal carcinoma cases of Sundanese, Javanese, Macassarese and Minangkabau ethnic group. This study indicated that colorectal cancer has statistically different grade (p = 0.001) between the young and the older patients. Immunohistochemical staining for MSH2 protein and MLH1 were done for 92 and 97 specimens respectively. There was no significant difference between the expressions of MLH1 and MSH2 on tumor grading, indicated there was no correlation between microsatellite instability and tumor grading in this study.Conclusion: Colorectal cancer in young native Indonesian patients (40 years old or less) was not different in clinicopathological characteristics compared to older patients (60 years old or more) in similar ethnic groups. There was also no difference in MSH2 and MLH1 protein expressions, important indicators of microsatellite instability and. (Med J Indones 2010; 19:245-51)Keywords: colorectal cancer, microsatellite instability, MLH1, MSH2, native Indonesian, SMAD4
The DiabCare Asia 2008 study – Outcomes on control and complications of type 2 diabetic patients in Indonesia
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 4 (2010): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v19i4.412

Abstract

Aim: To collect information on diabetes management, diabetes complications, and awareness of self-control in diabetic population of the country. This study also evaluated the physician perspectives, psychological aspects, and quality of life of diabetic patients. Methods: This was a non-interventional, cross-sectional study, which recruited 1832 patients from secondary and tertiary medical centers across Indonesia. Data on demography, medical history, risk factors and clinical examination reports including laboratory assessments were collected from medical records of patients. Blood samples of all patients were collected for centralized HbA1c measurements. Results: Among 1832 patients, 1785 individuals were eligible for analysis. The mean age of the patients was 58.9+9.6 years. The mean duration of diabetes was 8.5+7.0 years. Majority (97.5%) of the patients had type 2 diabetes. 67.9% had poor control of diabetes (A1c:8.1 ± 2.0%). 47.2% had FPG>130 mg/dL (161.6 ±14.6 mg/dL). Dyslipidemia was reported in 60% (834/1390) and 74% (617/834) of those received lipid lowering treatment. Neuropathy was most common complication (63.5%); other complications were: Diabetic retinopathy 42%, nephropathy 7.3%, severe late complications 16.9%, macrovascular complications 16%, microvascular complications 27.6%. About 81.3% of patients were on OADs (± insulin), 37.7% were on insulin (±OADs). Majority used biguanides followed by sulfonylureas. Human insulin was used by 73.2%, premix regimen 58.5%, analogues usage was 24.9%. Majority of the WHO-5 well being index responses fell in positive territory Conclusion: Poor glycaemic control in majority of patients is a concern. There is a need for a large proportion of patients to be adjusted to more intensive pharmacotherapy and a multi-disciplinary approach for management should be adopted. The study fi ndings should be communicated to policymakers and physicians to help them provide proper healthcare and its facilities in Indonesia. (Med J Indones 2010; 19:235-44) Keywords: DiabCare, DiabCare Indonesia, Diabetes complications, Dyslipidaemia, Glycaemic control, Hypertension.
Effectiveness of group counseling in smoking cessation program amongst adolescent smokers in Malaysia
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 4 (2010): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v19i4.413

Abstract

Aim: To assess the effectiveness of groups counseling for smoking cessation among secondary school students. Methods: This study was conducted among secondary school students in two districts in Selangor Malaysia, during July 2005 until August 2006. Upon screening, 346 students were randomly assigned into intervention group (IG) (n=158) and non intervention group (NIG) (n=188). IG underwent structured group counseling regularly for four months, while no group counseling was given to the NIG but subjected to the regular smoking cessation activities organized by their respective schools. Knowledge and attitude towards smoking and quit rate were measured in both groups before intervention, and at 4, 8, and 12 months after intervention. Results: Revealed that students in IG had significantly higher knowledge scores than those in NIG during follow-up visits (24.29+7.97 vs 23.58+8.44 on the first visit), (29.10+8.52 vs 24.09+8.69 on the second visit) (26.59+8.26 vs 22.08+8.04 on the third visit), and (25.54+8.34 vs 21.26+9.60 on the fourth visit). Attitude scores were not significantly different in both groups. Quit rate at four months after intervention was signifi cantly higher in IG as compared to the NIG (45%; 71/158 vs 32%; 60/188) (P=0.013). Conclusion: Group counseling is very effective in improving the respondents' knowledge and quite rate, but not their attitudes toward smoking. (Med J Indones 2010; 19:273-9)
High parity and hormonal contraception use as risk factors for cervical cancer in East Kalimantan
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 4 (2010): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v19i4.414

Abstract

Aim: To find risk factors associated with cervical cancer. Methods: This a case-control study conducted in A.W. Sjahranie County General Hospital at Samarinda East Kalimantan from January until July 2009. There were 58 patients for each case and control group. Variables in this study were age, menarche, menopause, age of first marriage, parity, spouse's smoking status, hormonal contraception use, type of hormonal contraception, duration of hormonal contraception, IUD (intra uterine device) contraception use and duration of IUD contraception. Results: final data analysis shows that parity and duration of hormonal contraception use increased the risk of cervical cancer. Women who had 5-12 children than 0-4 children had 2.6-folds increased risk to be cervical cancer. Compared to women never use of hormonal contraception, those who ever had hormonal contraception for 1-4 years and 5-25 years had two time and 4.5 times increased risk to be cervical cancer respectively. Conclusion: Cervical cancer screening recommended to be focused on high-risk groups, among others, women with the number of children born more than five people or women in particular users of hormonal contraception methods with a range of use more than five years. (Med J Indones 2010; 19:268-72)
Impact of HIV/AIDS in the family on children’s quality of life
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 4 (2010): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v19i4.415

Abstract

Aim: An AIDS epidemic has a negative social and economic impact to the families. The aim of the study is to explore the impact of HIV/AIDS in the family to the quality of life of the children, including other factors that might interfere. Methods: The study utilized the data of a survey conducted by the Health Research Center of the University of Indonesia (2007), in seven provinces consisting of 379 households (HH) with HIV and 370 HH without HIV. Child’s quality of life was measured at ages 5 to 11 years (pre-adolescent) using a composite of three variables (education, social environment, and physical activity), and was scored as ‘poor’ and ‘good’ . Multiple logistic regression was performed to examine the impact of HIV/AIDS, household and child factor towards the child’s quality of life. Results: The presence of an HIV/AIDS patient in the HH increases the risk of poor quality of life 1.59 times comparedto the risk in HH without HIV/AIDS. If the child is a female, the risk of poor quality of life increases 1.50 times compared to male children. A child who is poorly taken care of faces a 1.55 times higher risk of poor quality of life compared to children who are well taken care of. In younger children (5-7 yrs) the risk of poor quality of life increases 1.60 times compared to older children (8-11 yrs). Conclusion: The study showed that when a member of the family is infected with HIV, it will negatively affect the quality of life of a pre-teen child in that family. This negative effect is higher when the child is a female, does not receive proper care, and of younger age. (Med J Indones 2010; 19:280-6) Keywords: child care, children's quality of life, impact of HIV/ AIDS
Proportion of influenza cases in severe acute respiratory illness in Indonesia during 2008-2009
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 4 (2010): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v19i4.416

Abstract

Aim: To access the proportion of Influenza which caused SARI cases Methods: From April 2008 until March 2009, 549 samples of nasal and throat swabs were collected from SARI patients from eight hospitals in eight provinces in Indonesia. The samples were analyzed for Influenza by real-time RT-PCR method using several specific primers for influenza A (A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and A/H5N1) and Influenza B. The sequence of these primers was provided by CDC, Atlanta. Results: We found 516 (94%) of the specimens testing results were not infl uenza A or B viruses. There was 21 (4%) cases caused by influenza A and 12 (2%) caused by influenza B. From the influenza A cases, one case of SARI was caused by A/H1N1, two cases were A/H5N1, 17 cases were A/H3N2 and one case was unsubtypeable Influenza A. Conclusion: The majority of SARI cases were not caused by influenza viruses. From this surveillance the most common influenza A related to SARI is A/H3N2. Facts of the avian influenza virus A/H5N1 cases have been found in Indonesia and the spread of novel virus influenza A/H1N1 in 2009 raised our concern about the importance of SARI surveillance. (Med J Indones 2010; 19:264-7)

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