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Medical Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 08531773     EISSN : 22528083     DOI : 10.13181
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
This quarterly medical journal is an official scientific journal of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia in collaboration with German-Indonesian Medical Association (DIGM) Indexed in: IMSEAR; CAB Abstracts; Global Health; HINARI; DOAJ; DRJI; Google Scholar; JournalTOCs; Ulrichsweb Global Serial Directory; WorldCat; New Jour; Electronic Journals Library; ISJD Accredited (2013-2018) by DIKTI Kemendikbud Republik Indonesia (No:58/DIKTI/Kep/2013)
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Articles 14 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 20 No. 1 (2011): February" : 14 Documents clear
Effect of adipose tissue processing procedures in culture result: a study preliminary
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 1 (2011): February
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i1.420

Abstract

Background: There are various methods of processing adipose tissue before culture, depending on the adipose tissue samples. The aim of this study is to compare several modifications of culturing and sub-culturing procedures of adipose tissue to fit the condition in our laboratory. Method: This is a descriptive study that was done in the Immunology and Endocrinology Integrated Laboratory, University of Indonesia, from October 2009 to April 2010. Three adipose tissue processing procedures, various amount of seeding and two subculture methods were compared in term of cell yield and time needed. In the first procedure, collagenase-1 digestion was done in 30minutes, cell seeding were 24,000 and 36,000 per flask; in the second procedure, collagenase-1 digestion was done in 60minutes, cell seeding were 24,000, 48,000, and 72,000 per flask; and in the third procedure, the adipose tissue remnants from the first procedure were again digested for another 45 minutes, cell seeding were 74,000, and 148,000 per flask. Difference in subculture methods were the presence or absence of washing step. Result: Procedure 1 yielded the lowest amount of cell, and after culture, the cells grew very slow, and was contaminated before harvest of primary culture. Procedure-2 and -3 succeeded to yield primary cultures. Some of the cultures were contaminated, so that further subculture was not applicable, and only one tissue processing procedure (procedure 2: 60 minute collagenase-1 digestion, without lysis buffer, cell seeding 48,000 and 72,000) could complete the three subcultures. Though some of the procedures could not be completed, final result could be concluded. Conclusion: In this preliminary study, 60 minute colagenase-1 digestion with intermittent shaking every 5 minutes and cell seeding around 50,000 or more, followed by subculture method without washing step gave the best result. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:15-9) Keywords: collagenase-1, primary culture, subculture, stromal-vascular fraction
Expression of manganese superoxide dismutase in rat blood, heart and brain during induced systemic hypoxia
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 1 (2011): February
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i1.421

Abstract

Background: Hypoxia results in an increased generation of ROS. Until now, little is known about the role of MnSOD - a major endogenous antioxidant enzyme - on the cell adaptation response against hypoxia. The aim of this study was to determine the MnSOD mRNA expression and levels of specific activity in blood, heart and brain of rats during induced systemic hypoxia. Methods: Twenty-five male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to systemic hypoxia in an hypoxic chamber (at 8-10% O2) for 0, 1, 7, 14 and 21 days, respectively. The mRNA relative expression of MnSOD was analyzed using Real Time RT-PCR. MnSOD specific activity was determined using xanthine oxidase inhibition assay. Results: The MnSOD mRNA relative expression in rat blood and heart was decreased during early induced systemic hypoxia (day 1) and increased as hypoxia continued, whereas the mRNA expression in brain was increased since day 1 and reached its maximum level at day 7. The result of MnSOD specific activity during early systemic hypoxia was similar to the mRNA expression. Under very late hypoxic condition (day 21), MnSOD specific activity in blood, heart and brain was significantly decreased. We demonstrate a positive correlation between MnSOD mRNA expression and specific activity in these 3 tissues during day 0-14 of induced systemic hypoxia. Furthermore, mRNA expression and specific activity levels in heart strongly correlate with those in blood. Conclusion: The MnSOD expression at early and late phases of induced systemic hypoxia is distinctly regulated. The MnSOD expression in brain differs from that in blood and heart revealing that brain tissue can possibly survive better from induced systemic hypoxia than heart and blood. The determination of MnSOD expression in blood can be used to describe its expression in heart under systemic hypoxic condition. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:27-33) Keywords: MnSOD, mRNA expression, ROS, specific activity, systemic hypoxia
Genetic polymorphism of merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) block 2 allelic types in Plasmodium falciparum fi eld isolates from mountain and coastal area in West Sumatera, Indonesia
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 1 (2011): February
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i1.422

Abstract

Background: The fi eld isolates of P. falciparum may display variant forms and different frequencies. This study was designed to know the diversity of allelic type of MSP-1 block 2 among P. falciparum isolates collected in a mountain and a coastal area in West Sumatera, Indonesia, and compare mountain and coastal area. Methods: A total of 56 P. falciparum infected blood samples, collected from 27 patients attending local health facilities in South Solok district in a mountain region and 29 patients attending a local health facilities in South Coastal district region, West Sumatera, Indonesia were used in this study. The regions flanking the highly polymorphic characters, block 2 for MSP-1, were genotyped by allele-specific nested-PCR to analyse the population diversity of parasite. Sequence analysis of the polymorphic regions of MSP-1 was also conducted to identify allelic diversity in the parasite population. Results: Diverse allelic polymorphism of MSP-1 was identified in P. falciparum isolates from a mountain area and a coastal area in West Sumatera, Indonesia, and most of the infections were determined to be mixed infections. Sequence analysis of MSP-1 block 2 revelaled that 16 different alleles for MSP-1 (3 for K1 type, 2 for MAD20 type and 2 for RO33 type) were identified. Conclusion: Extensive genetic polymorphism with diverse allele type was identified in MSP-1 in P. falciparum field isolates from a mountain and a coastal area. A high level of mixed infections was also obcserved, as was a high degree of multiplicity of infection. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:11-4) Keywords: allelic types, coastal area, mountain area, MSP-1 block 2, Plasmodium falciparum
Polyclonal VDAC3 antibody decreases human sperm motility: a novel approach to male contraception
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 1 (2011): February
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i1.423

Abstract

Background: Voltage dependent anion channels (VDAC) mediate transport of anions, cations and ATP which play an important role in sperm motility. This study was aimed to examine the effect of polyclonal VDAC3 antiserum to human sperm motility. Methods: Polyclonal VDAC3 antiserum used in this study was produced in rabbits by immunization of VDAC3-specific synthetic peptides. Preimmunserum was collected before immunization and used for control experiment. Recognition of VDAC3 antiserum to antigen in human sperm was performed by western blot. Thirty sperm samples obtained from fertile men which had high quality of sperm motility were washed and collected by Percoll gradient. Sperm motility was assessed by means of evaluation of sperm velocity (seconds per 0.1 mm distance) and the number of unmoved sperm (million per ml) which were observed 0 minute, 30 minutes and 60 minutes after addition of VDAC3 antiserum and preimmunserum as a control. Both data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software. Results: VDAC3 antiserum recognized VDAC3 protein in human sperm. Statistical analysis demonstrated that there were increasing numbers of unmoved spermatozoa after addition of anti-VDAC3 antiserum in vitro for 60 minutes observation compared with preimmunserum (control). We found also that sperm velocity decreased signifi cantly after giving anti-VDAC3 antiserum in vitro for 0 minute, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes compared with pre-immunee serum (control). Conclusion: VDAC3 antiserum can decrease motility of human sperm. and may provide a novel principle of male contraception in the future. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:5-10) Keywords: VDAC3 antiserum, sperm, motility, contraception
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L) powder reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) level in cigarette smoke exposed rats
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 1 (2011): February
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i1.424

Abstract

Background: To analyze the effect of pomegranate (P. granatum) powder consumption for 14 days on lipid peroxidation as shown by malondialdehyde (MDA) level in cigarette smoke exposed rats. Methods: Thirty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into three groups, i.e.: a control group and two treatment groups. The treatment groups either received 5% (R1: 0.351% flavonoids/100g) or 10% (R2: 0.566% flavonoids/100g) pomegranate extract powder, respectively. The diets in the form of pellets were freely consumed (ad libitum) and were given for 14 days. Rats were exposed to cigarette smoke three times per day. Blood samples were taken on day 0, day 8th and 15th for MDA analyses. Comparison of MDA levels was done by ANOVA's test on normal data. Results: On day 0, the MDA levels were 0.35±0.06 nmol/mL, 0.38±0.06 nmol/mL and 0.38±0.06 nmol/mL for control, 5% and 10% pomegranate powder group, respectively (P=0.65). On day 8th, the MDA levels were 0.70±0.06 nmol/mL, 0.57±0.06 nmol/mL and 0.56±0.06 nmol/mL, and on day 15th, the MDA levels were 1.02 ±0.06 nmol/mL, 0.89±0.06 nmol/mL and 0.80±0.06 nmol/mL in control, 5% and 10% pomegranate powder group, respectively. There was a signifi cant difference (P< 0.001) in MDA levels on day 8th and 15th between groups. The average MDA level for rats consuming control diet was the highest on day 8th and 15th. On the other hand, the lowest average MDA level on day 8th and 15th was observed in rats given 10% pomegranate extract powder. In comparison to MDA level before cigarette smoke exposure, the increases in MDA levels for rats consuming control diet, 5% and 10% pomegranate extract powder were 97%, 52% and 48% on day 8th, and 187%, 137% and 113% on day 15th, respectively. The highest increase in MDA level was observed in control group. Conclusion: The use of pomegranate powder at 5% and 10% concentration was able to prevent the occurrence of lipid peroxidation as shown by the MDA levels and the effect was dose dependent. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:34-9) Keywords: antioxidant, flavonoids, lipid peroxidation
The metabolic effects of di (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate medium dose on lipid profi les in serum and liver tissue
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 1 (2011): February
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i1.425

Abstract

Background: Di (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate is the most widely used plasticizer in blood storage bag for transfusion. This substance can modify lipid metabolism. This study was aimed to elucidate the metabolic effects of di (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate medium dose on lipid profiles in serum and liver tissue. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were fed 1.0 % di (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate diet (DEHP group, n=5) or a non-supplemented diet (control group, n=5) for 10 days. The rats were allowed to freely access each food. Serum lipid concentrations were measured using enzyme assay kits. Lipids of liver tissues were extracted and the lipid contents were determined. A peach of liver was prepared to determine the activities of malic enzyme and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1). Results: Serum lipid concentrations (mg/dL) of DEHP group decreased compared to control (P<0.05). The serum triglyceride (TG) concentrations of control and DEHP groups were respectively (100.5±16.5) and (31.2±1.7); phospholipid (PL), (143.3±7.8) and (88.9±3.2); total cholesterol, (88.7±4.6) and (51.9±2.3). The liver TG content of control and DEHP group (mg/g liver) were respectively, (40.8±4.4) and (23.7±1.3); liver cholesterol were (3.36±0.29) and (2.33±0.23); and the liver PL were (36.5±1.0) and (41.7±0.6). Malic enzyme and CPT-1 activities (nmol/min/mg protein) of DEHP group increased compared to control (P<0.05), in which their increases were approximately by 4.35- and 2.33-folds, respectively. Conclusion: The di (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate medium dose attenuates lipids secretion from the liver cells into the bloodstream. The increase of liver PL level accompanied with the promotions of malic enzyme and the CPT-1 activities are the key factors of the dietary di (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate effects in rats to attenuate the lipid secretions from the livers. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:20-6) Keywords: Di (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate, hyperphospholipids, lipolysis, liver lipids, serum lipids
Anthropometric profiles of children with congenital heart disease
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 1 (2011): February
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i1.426

Abstract

Background: Undernutrition is a common cause of morbidity in children with CHD. Previous data from developing country showed prevalence of preoperative undernutrition in children with CHD was up to 45%. The aim of this study are to determine the anthropometric profiles and prevalence of undernutrition in children with CHD by using the anthropometric measurement. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in children aged 0-2 years old with CHD in Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital. All patients underwent an anthropometric evaluation (weight, length and head circumference) at presentation. Undernutrition, failure to thrive /FTT, short stature and microcephaly were determined according to WHO, weight-for-length, weight-for-age at 2 points, length-for-age, head circumference-for-age z-score < -2SD accordingly. Results: We had total of 95 patients, 73 patients with acyanotic and 22 patients with cyanotic lesions. Prevalence of undernutrition in CHD was 51.1%, with 22.3% severe undernutrition. FTT was found in 64.9%, short stature in 49.5% and microcephaly in 37% patients. FTT was found higher in acyanotic (72.2%) compared to cyanotic lesions (42.9%). In acyanotic, weight was affected more than length (72.2% vs 49.3%). In cyanotic, weight and length affected equally (42.9% vs 54.5%). Diet counseling were done in patients with undernutrition. Medicines, transcatheter or surgery intervention were indicated in selected patients. Conclusions: Prevalence of FTT was higher than undernutrition in children with CHD. FTT was found higher in acyanotic lesions. In acyanotic, weight was affected more than length. In cyanotic, weight and length affected equally. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:40-5) Keywords: congenital heart disease, failure to thrive, short stature, undernutrition
Dietary iron intake, serum ferritin and haemoglobin levels, and cognitive development scores of infants aged 6–8 months
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 1 (2011): February
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i1.427

Abstract

Background: Iron deficiency during infancy may lead to negative effect on cognitive function and psychomotor development. This study aimed to investigate serum ferritin, haemoglobin level and its relation to cognitive development score in infants aged 6-8 months. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 76 infants recruited from several selected community health center in Kampung Melayu Village, Jatinegara Jakarta who had fulfilled the study criteria. Data collected consist of age, weight, height, head circumference, energy, protein and iron intake, serum feritin levels, haemoglobin levels and cognitive development score using Capute Scales method (Cognitive Adaptive Test/ Clinical Linguistic Auditory Milestone Scales/ CAT-CLAMS). Results: Among 74 infants aged 6-8 months, 73% had less dietary iron intake as compared to its RDA (7 mg/d), 18.9% were with serum ferritin less than normal value (20 μg/L), and 56.7% with haemoglobin levels less than normal value (11 mg/dL). In relation to cognitive development score, this study revealed that the CAT score was signifi cantly lower among subjects with hemoglobin value less than 11 mg/dL (p = 0.026). Conclusion: Early prevention of impaired cognitive development is urgently needed by providing iron-rich complementary foods to infants since 6 months (mo) old to maintain the normal level of hemoglobin. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:46-9) Keywords: cognitive score, ferritin, hemoglobin, infants
Access to health information may improve behavior in preventing Avian influenza among women
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 1 (2011): February
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i1.428

Abstract

Background: Improving human behavior toward Avian influenza may lessen the chance to be infected by Avian influenza. This study aimed to identify several factors influencing behavior in the community. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in July 2008. Behavior regarding Avian influenza was measured by scoring the variables of knowledge, attitude, and practice. Subjects were obtained from the sub district of Limo, in Depok, West Java, which was considered a high risk area for Avian influenza. The heads of household as the sample unit were chosen by multi-stage sampling. Results: Among 387 subjects, 29.5% of them was had good behavior toward Avian influenza. The final model revealed that gender and access to health information were two dominant factors for good behavior in preventing Avian influenza. Compared with men, women had 67% higher risk to have good behavior [adjusted relative risk (RRa) = 1.67; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.92-3.04; P = 0.092]. Compared to those with no access to health information, subjects with access to health information had 3.4 fold increase to good behavior (RRa = 3.40; 95% CI = 0.84-13.76; P = 0.087). Conclusion: Acces to health information concerning Avian influenza was more effective among women in promoting good behavior toward preventing Avian influenza. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:56-61) Keywords: avian influenza, behavior, gender, health promotion
Highly active antiretroviral therapy adherence and its determinants in selected regions in Indonesia
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 1 (2011): February
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i1.429

Abstract

Background: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can reduce morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected patients. However, it depends upon adherence to medication. The objective of this study was to examine the adherence to HAART and to evaluate individual patient characteristics i.e. self-efficacy, depression level, and social support and to finally determine HAART adherence in selected regions in Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Jakarta, Malang, Bandung, Makasar and Banda Aceh. The subject of the study was HIV-infected patients who were older than 13 years old and had taken HAART for at least a month. They were recruited consecutively then asked how many pills they had missed during the previous month. Poor adherence can be stated if the percentage of adherence rate is below 95%. HIV treatment adherence self-efficacy scale (HIVASES), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL) was adapted to assess self-efficacy, depression level and social support, respectively. Results: We found that 96% (n=53) of the subjects adhered to HAART. There were no associations between adherence with self-efficacy, depression level, and social support. The main cause of non-adherence in this study was 'simply forget’. Conclusion: Adherence to HAART was found to be high and not associated with self-efficacy, depression level and social support in some central regions in Indonesia. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:50-5) Keywords: adherence, depression, HAART, HIV, self-efficacy, social support

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