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Medical Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 08531773     EISSN : 22528083     DOI : 10.13181
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
This quarterly medical journal is an official scientific journal of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia in collaboration with German-Indonesian Medical Association (DIGM) Indexed in: IMSEAR; CAB Abstracts; Global Health; HINARI; DOAJ; DRJI; Google Scholar; JournalTOCs; Ulrichsweb Global Serial Directory; WorldCat; New Jour; Electronic Journals Library; ISJD Accredited (2013-2018) by DIKTI Kemendikbud Republik Indonesia (No:58/DIKTI/Kep/2013)
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Articles 14 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 20 No. 2 (2011): May" : 14 Documents clear
Increased cell viability and proliferation in post-hypoxic hippocampal tissue culture treated with Acalypha indica root extract
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 2 (2011): May
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i2.433

Abstract

Background: This research was done to study the influence of Acalypha indica Linn root extract towards relative cell viability and proliferation as parameters of neurogenesis in post-hypoxic hippocampal tissue culture. Methods: Experimental in vitro study using 24 primary neuronal cell cultures obtained from adult Sprague Dawley rat exposed to hypoxia with 5% O2/5% CO2/N2 balance gas for 24 hours. Post-hypoxia, Acalypha indica Linn root extract was added at doses of 10, 15, and 20 mg/mL to 3 treatment groups. No treatment was given to the control group. Each group consists of 6 samples. After 90 hours of incubation, relative cell viability was measured by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) examination, and cell proliferation was measured by using 5-bromo2-deoxy-uridine (BrdU) for cell proliferation. Data was analyzed using one way ANOVA parametric tests, then further analyzed with post-hoc analysis. Results: The relative cell viability of rat hippocampal tissue culture treated with Acalypha indica Linn root extract with dose of 10, 15, and 20 mg/mL was significantly higher than control (176.95%, 220.62%, and 386.02% vs. 100%). Cell proliferation of rat hippocampal tissue culture treated with Acalypha indica Linn root extract with dose of 10, 15, and 20 mg/mL was significantly higher than control (0.132, 0.117, 0.114 vs 0.096). Conclusion: Acalypha indica Linn root extract with doses of 10, 15, and 20 mg/mL can increase relative cell viability and proliferation in post-hypoxic hippocampal tissue culture. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:94-9)
Lymphokine activated killer cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of endometriosis of patients improve cytotoxicity to endometriosis cell culture
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 2 (2011): May
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i2.434

Abstract

Background: To assess the increased cellular immunity of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) derived LAK cells from endometriosis patients towards endometriosis cell cultures after stimulation with IL-2. Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental study of pre and post treatment using controls. Phenotype evaluation of CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+ and CD56+ effector cells of PBMC from endometriosis patients and controls was performed. Cytotoxicity test of PBMC from endometriosis patients and control towards Daudi, K562 cell line and endometriosis cell cultures using 51Chromium release assay was also carried out. Results: Phenotype evaluation of PBMC from endometriosis patients (n = 10) and controls (n = 6) were done prior to and after IL-2 stimulation. Before IL-2 stimulation, CD3+CD4+, CD56+ from endometriosis group (n = 10) tend to be lower than control (n=6) whereas CD3+CD8+ were higher in endometriosis group than controls. After IL-2 stimulation, CD3+ CD8+, CD56+ of PBMC from endometriosis group were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Cytotoxicity test revealed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in both PBMC's effector cells from endometriosis and control group towards target cells, Daudi, and K562 cell lines after IL-2 stimulation. PBMC's effector cells cytotoxicity from both endometriosis and control towards target endometriosis cell cultures were also elevated after IL-2 stimulation. Conclusion: LAK cells derived IL-2 stimulated PBMC from endometriosis patients increased cellular immunity towards endometriosis cell cultures. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:87-93)
Continuous exposure of three successive generations of mice to electromagnetic fields: implication on double minute frequency
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 2 (2011): May
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i2.435

Abstract

Background: Epidemiological studies indicate increased risk of leukemia, lymphoma, and brain tumor among electrical workers exposed to electromagnetic field (EMF). Other investigator reported that continuous exposure of four successive generations of mice to EMF in doses of 1 kV to 5 kV caused tumor formation in offspring. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of continuous exposure of three successive generations of mice (Mus musculus L) to EMF of 3 kV, 4 kV, and 5 kV and its implication of chromosomal breakage, as detected by double minute formation.Methods: Four couples of mice of Swiss Webster strain, 3-4 months of age, and 7-40 gram of body weight were exposed to EMF at the doses of 3 kV, 4 kV, and 5 kV, and one couple served as control. Double minute formation was examined in all offspring, except one couple of each group to be exposed with the same doses of EMF to get the F2 generation, and so forth until F3 generation. Twenty metaphases of chromosomes were examined and frequencies of double minute were calculated in the three generations of all group.Results: Frequencies of double minute in F1, F2, and F3 of mice exposed to EMF of 3 kV were respectively 0.78 ± 0.08; 0.83 ± 0.09; and 0.80 ± 0.05. In the 4 kV group were 0.083 ± 0.11; 0.73 ± 0.03; and 0.96 ± 0.15, and in the 5 kV group were 0.96 ± 0.25; 0.75 ± 0.05; and 0.99 ± 0.33, whereas no double minute chromosomes were noted in control group. Frequencies of the double minute in mice exposed to EMF were significantly higher than control group.Conclusions: Continuous exposure of mice during three successive generations to EMF at doses of 3 kV, 4 kV, and 5 kV causes increased chromosomal breakage as detected as double minute chromosome formation. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:109-13)Keywords: chromosomal breakage, double minute, electromagnetic field, mice
Iliac crest and femoral bone marrow as the source of plastic-adherent cells
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 2 (2011): May
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i2.436

Abstract

Background: Many studies have used iliac crest as the source of mesenchymal stem cells. In cases of long bone shaft fracture, obtaining marrow from the fracture site offers more advantages. Nevertheless, due to the high number of fat cells in long bones, the yellow marrow of long bones is believed to contain lower number of mesenchymal stem cells than red marrow. Therefore the aim of this study is to compare the potency between red and yellow marrow as the donor site for the isolation of mesenchymal stem cell. Methods: Bone marrow of eight giant Flemish rabbits was aspirated from the iliac crest and femoral shaft. Mononuclear cells were isolated from both aspirates and expanded in low glucose DMEM. After eight weeks, the cells were harvested and counted using improved Neubauer hemocytometer. Comparison of the cell number between the two donor sites was then performed by t-test. Results: After 8 weeks, an average number of 2.93 ± 0.91 x 104 and 3.7 ± 2.50 x 104 cells were obtained from the iliac and femoral group respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between those two groups (p = 0.45). Conclusion: Plastic-adherent cells can be isolated and expanded from both iliac crest and femoral shaft.
Resistance patterns of microbes isolated from gastrointestinal tract
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 2 (2011): May
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i2.437

Abstract

Background: Digestive tract infection with clinical manifestation of diarrhea is an infectious disease that has the highest morbidity and mortality rate, especially in developing countries. Diarrhea causes mortality mostly in infants under one year old. Improvement in management is done continuously, but advances in diagnosis and therapy cannot be reached by developing countries. One of the etiological agents causing infection of digestive tract is bacteria. Therefore, knowledge of bacteria that cause gastrointestinal infection and their resistance patterns may support the management of this disease. The aim of this study was to examine microbes that were isolated from the digestive tract and their resistance patterns against antibiotics. Methods: Samples (stool, rectal/anal swab) were collected from the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, FKUI during 2005-2008. Isolation, identifi cation and sensitivity test were conducted according to standard laboratory procedures. Interpretation of sensitivity test was done according to NCCLS/CLSI guidance. Data was analyzed using WHOnet version 5.3. Results: We found 28 isolates of pathogenic Escherichia coli, 1 isolate of S. paratyphi A and 4 isolates of yeasts. Pathogenic Escherichia coli were still sensitive against some antibiotics, but the sensitivity was reduced against amoxicillin, sulbenicillin, ticarcillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Conclusion: The most predominant gastrointestinal tract infection causing microbes was pathogenic Escherichia coli. These bacteria showed decrease sensitivity against some antibiotics commonly used to treat patients with gastrointestinal tract infection. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:105-8)
Application of α-lipoic acid beyond peripheral diabetic polyneuropathy (A report of 3 cases)
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 2 (2011): May
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i2.438

Abstract

Background: In Germany, lipoic acid is registered with the indication of "peripheral diabetic polyneuropathy". This report intends to demonstrate therapeutic activity beyond this indication. In Indonesia, the substance is not registered for therapy. Methods: Three patients (two of them in Germany and one in Indonesia) with pathoneurological symptoms different from peripheral diabetic polyneuropathy were treated with α-lipoic acid: i) post-borelliosis inflammation with arthritic and paraesthetic symptoms, ii) post-operative (mamma carcinoma) and post-chemotherapeutic sensoric and motoric neural deficits occurring in parallel with additional radiation therapy, and iii) post-traumatic (cerebral) and postoperative (brain surgery) cardiovascular and pulmonary crisis with broad pathoneurological (sensoric and motoric, visual, auditory) deficits and dysarthria. Results: All three patients improved in close correlation with the onset and continuation of lipoic acid intake, whereas other therapeutic measures did not appear very successful. It cannot be ruled out that the other therapeutic regimens applied interacted with lipoic acid in a supporting additive or synergistic manner, because three cases as reported here do not allow for such conclusion; however, separately, or with interaction, lipoic acid helped the patients to recover from their pathoneurological symptoms in the meaning of the traditional medical term "restitutio ad integrum". Conclusion: In the three cases in this study, lipoic acid was effective in therapy of pathoneurological symptoms different from peripheral diabetic neuropathy. Further confirmative studies are suggeted. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:143-8)
Association between multimeric adiponectin and free leptin index with atherogenic dyslipidemia in non-diabetic obese men
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 2 (2011): May
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i2.439

Abstract

Background: To analyze the role of various adiponectin and free leptin index on the occurrence of atherogenic dislipidemia in non-diabetic central obese men.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on 120 non-diabetic central obese men that was done in Jakarta. The measured indicators were total adiponectin, high molecular weight adiponectin (HMW adiponectin), medium molecular weight adiponectin (MMW adiponectin), low molecular weight adiponectin (LMW adiponectin), leptin, soluble leptin receptor, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B). Atherogenic dyslipidemia was characterized by reduced level of HDL cholesterol, and high levels of triglyceride and small dense LDL (sdLDL). Ratio of LDL cholesterol and Apo B were calculated to get sdLDL. Free Leptin Index (FLI) was the ratio between total leptin and soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R), and median values were used as cut off to defi ne high and low values of each parameter. Cross tabulation were done on categorical data. Relationships between multimeric adiponectin and free leptin index with atherogenic lipids were analyzed by using Spearman analysis. Further, the interaction of all indicators with the occurence of atherogenic dyslipidemia was analyzed using binary logistic regression.Results: A negative correlation of HMW adiponectin with atherogenic dyslipidemia (p < 0.05), whereas there were no correlation between MMW adiponectin and LMW adiponectin with atherogenic dyslipidemia (p > 0.05). Free Leptin Index was associated positively with atherogenic dyslipidemia (p < 0.05). Odds Ratio (OR) of HMW adiponectin for the occurrence of atherogenic dyslipidemia was 3.62 (p < 0.05), where as OR of FLI with atherogenic dyslipidemia was 4.57 (p < 0.05).Conclusion: HMW Adiponectin and FLI might contribute to atherogenic dyslipidemia in central obese non-diabetic males. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:119-24)Keywords: HMW adiponectin, LMW adiponectin, MMW adiponectin, total adiponectin
Is gluten free and casein free (GFCF) diet effective for individuals with autism?
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 2 (2011): May
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i2.440

Abstract

Background: Even though the etiology of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) has not been clearly known, various types of therapies have been offered. One of the most popular therapies is Gluten Free and Casein Free Diet - GFCF diet. Methods: A structured internet literature search was conducted using Pubmed and Cochrane library. Titles and abstracts were screened using predetermined selection criteria. Critical appraisal was conducted based on standard criteria for relevance, validity, and levels of evidence. Results: Based on relevance, only four out of twelve selected articles can be used; one is a systematic review and three randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Several methodological problems which could lead to over-estimation of the effect were found in the studies including poor randomization and selective drop-out. Risk of under-estimation of report due to small number of participants and in-adequate duration of intervention was also found. Small to moderate improvement were found in some outcome measured including overall autistic traits, social isolation, and the abilit in communication and interaction. However, insignificant differences also found in some area such as individual's behavior, cognitive and motor function. Conclusion: Available studies fail to provide sufficiently credible and strong evidence to recommend the practice of GFCF diet in treating autism. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:114-8)
Outcomes of stage IIB osteosarcoma treated by limb salvage surgery using extracorporeally irradiated (ECI) autograft
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 2 (2011): May
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i2.441

Abstract

Background: Extracorporeally irradiated (ECI) technique is an alternative of limb salvage procedure in treating osteosarcoma regarding limitation of endoprosthesis and allograft. This study evaluated the outcomes of limb salvage surgery using extracorporeally irradiated (ECI) autograft and its correlation with patient’s characteristics.Methods: Retrospective cohort design was performed to study 20 patients with stage IIB osteosarcoma treated by ECI autograft from 1995 to 2008. Survival, local recurrence, metastases, complications, union time and functional score based on Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scoring system-(MSTS) were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier method was used to describe survival, local recurrence free survival, and metastases free survival. The correlation among patient’s characteristics that were age, gender, duration, site of tumor size, type of osteosarcoma, SAP (serum alkaline phosphatase) level, type of biopsy, and type of Huvos were analyzed by Log rank test. Chi-square test was used to analyze the correlation between MSTS score and patient’s characteristics, local recurrence, metastases, complications.Results: Five-year survival was 54.97 ± 9.8 %, five-year local recurrence free survival was 66.5 ± 7.6%, and five year metastasis-free survival was 57.13 ± 10.04%. Six patients died, five were due to lung metastases and one due to complication of chemotherapy. Three underwent amputation after local recurrence. Kaplan-Meier curve showed that a good type of Huvos (III, IV) always gave better survival, local recurrence free survival, and metastases free survival than poor type of Huvos (I,II). Normal SAP level gave better local recurrence free survival compare to increased level of SAP. Mean of union rate was 8.13 months. MSTS mean score was good (70.63%) in patients with no evidence of disease. MSTS score was poor in patients with local recurrence (p = 0.025), metastases (p = 0.01), complications (p = 0.03), and the combined of those three outcomes (p = 0.001).Conclusions: Functional outcome was poor in patients with local recurrence, metastases, and complications. SAP level and type of Huvos could be studied further as predictive factors for the outcomes (survival, local recurrence, metastases). (Med J Indones 2011; 20:131-7)Keywords: extracorporeally irradiated autograft (ECI), osteosarcoma stage IIB, outcomes
The gastro-esophageal reflux disease questionnaire using Indonesian language: A language validation survey
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 2 (2011): May
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i2.442

Abstract

Background: The aims of this study were to test the usefulness of the Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire (GERDQ) in the diagnosis of GERD, to validate the GERDQ written in Indonesian language, and to evaluate the reliability of the GERDQ for use in Indonesian-speaking GERD patients (Virginia study). Methods: This was a prospective survey of 40 patients diagnosed with GERD, based on an endoscopic examination, in 3 cities in Indonesia (Jakarta, Bandung, and Surabaya) from 15 January to 15 May 2009. Patients were asked to complete the GERDQ, and the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were assessed. Results: The percentages of respondents who reported symptoms lasting 4-7 days were as follows: 68% had a burning sensation behind the breastbone (heartburn); 65% had stomach content (fluid) move upwards to the throat or mouth (regurgitation); 70% had a pain in the centre of the upper abdomen; 58% had nausea; 63% had difficulty sleeping because of the heartburn and/or regurgitation; and 63% took additional medication for heartburn and/or regurgitation. Cronbach's alpha was 0.83, indicating that all of the questions in the Indonesian-language GERDQ are valid and reliable for Indonesian GERD patients. Conclusions: This study achieved the primary objectives and showed that the GERDQ is valid and reliable for use with Indonesian-speaking GERD patients. The results were consistent with those of the DIAMOND study, which showed that the GERDQ can be used to diagnose GERD on the basis of the reported symptoms. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:125-30)

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