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INDONESIA
Medical Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 08531773     EISSN : 22528083     DOI : 10.13181
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
This quarterly medical journal is an official scientific journal of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia in collaboration with German-Indonesian Medical Association (DIGM) Indexed in: IMSEAR; CAB Abstracts; Global Health; HINARI; DOAJ; DRJI; Google Scholar; JournalTOCs; Ulrichsweb Global Serial Directory; WorldCat; New Jour; Electronic Journals Library; ISJD Accredited (2013-2018) by DIKTI Kemendikbud Republik Indonesia (No:58/DIKTI/Kep/2013)
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Articles 12 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 21 No. 3 (2012): August" : 12 Documents clear
Acalypha indica Linn root extract improved hippocampal cell viability and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in hypoxic condition
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 3 (2012): August
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v21i3.490

Abstract

Background: This study was done to determine the effect of root extract of Acalypha indica Linn (akar kucing) in protecting neuron viability of the rat hippocampus on tissue culture in hypoxic condition. Methods: This is an experimental study of in vitro primary cell culture of hippocampus of Sprague Dowley adult rat. The cultures were group into control (C) and exposure to root extract of Acalypha indica Linn with dose of 10 mg/mL, 15 mg/mL, and 20 mg/mL for 72 hours. The cultures were then exposed to hypoxic gas (5% oxygen, 5% carbondioxide, nitrogen balance) for 24 hours. After that, relative cell viability was measured by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), cell proliferation by 5-bromo2’-deoxy-uridine (BrdU), and Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels by BDNF ELISA kit. Results: The result showed MTT viability (C: 99.7%, A indica L 10: 326.3%, A indica L 15: 411.7%, A indica L 20: 445.9%), BrdU absorbance (C: 0.07, A indica L 10: 0.10, A indica L 15: 0.12, A indica L 20: 0.13) of the exposured hippocampal cell were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.01) accompany by increased level of BDNF (C: 11.3 pg/mL, A indica L 10: 12.5 pg/mL, A indica L 15: 23.1 pg/mL, A indica L 20: 18.1 pg/mL). Conclusion: The root extract of Acalypha indica Linn is able to improve rat hippocampal cell viability and endogenous BDNF levels in hypoxic condition. (Med J Indones. 2012;21:141-6)
Correlation between hypoxia inducible factor -1α and renin expression in rats kidney induced by cobalt chloride
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 3 (2012): August
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v21i3.491

Abstract

Background: Cobalt chloride can be used as an agent to stabilize hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and to imitate hypoxia without low levels of oxygen inside the body. We intended to investigate if there was any regulation of renin expression by HIF-1α. Therefore, we conducted several studies to clarify this possibility starting with the induction of hypoxic mimicry in rats by intra-peritoneal (IP) injection of cobalt chloride (CoCl2) to obtain the levels and pattern of HIF-1α and renin mRNA and protein expression. Methods: Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into four groups, control group and incubation groups 2, 8, and 24 hours after intra-peritoneal injection of 30 mg CoCl2 per kg BW. After the rats were sacrificed, kidneys were excised, weighed and kidney weight compared to BW. Tissue parameters were measured such as RNA concentration, HIF-1α protein by ELISA, and renin mRNA by RT-PCR. Results: Differences between the groups in the ratios of kidney weight to BW and in the concentrations of HIF-1α protein were statistically not significant (p > 0.05). Relative expression of renin mRNA increased markedly starting 8 hours after CoCl2 IP injection (30 times over controls) and further rising until 24 hours (2465 times over controls). Correlation between HIF-1α and renin mRNA by Pearson analysis was strongly positive, but not significant (R = 0.91; p = 0.09). Conclusion: Renin gene regulation in renal hypoxic mimicry strongly correlates withHIF-1α. (Med J Indones. 2012;21:128-32)
Correlation between oxidative stress and tumor grade in glioma cells from patients in Jakarta
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 3 (2012): August
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v21i3.492

Abstract

Background: The goal of this study was to analyze the correlation of oxidative stress in human glioma cells with tumor grade in order to explore the role of oxidative stress as a marker in determining the tumor progression. Methods: Samples were 21 brain tumors and 5 normal brain tissues from glioma patients. Oxidative stress was analyzed by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OhdG). Additionaly, we analyzed MnSOD expression by measuring the MnSOD mRNA using real time RT-PCR and MnSOD enzyme activity using RanSOD kit. Tumor grade was determined by histopathologic examination. Data was statistically analyzed using t-test and Pearson correlation. Results: Levels of MDA, carbonyl and 8-OHdG reflecting oxidative stress in glioma cells were significantly higher than in normal brain tissue. The MDA and carbonyl levels were significantly correlated with tumor grade. Relative expression of MnSOD mRNA and specific enzyme activity in glioma cells were significantly higher than in normal brain cells. The relative expression of MnSOD mRNA increased significantly in accordance with the tumor grade. Surprisingly, MnSOD specific activity was significantly lower in high grade than in low grade glioma indicating a discrepancy between mRNA synthesis and its enzyme specific activity. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between MnSOD mRNA and MDA levels. Conclusion: The high level of oxidative damage in human glioma cells was significantly correlated with tumor grade. The high level of MnSOD expression in human glioma cells was correlated with the high level of oxidative damage. (Med J Indones. 2012;21:122-7)
Correlation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelium growth factor in rat myocardium during aerobic and anaerobic exercise
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 3 (2012): August
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v21i3.493

Abstract

Background: Exercise increases the need for oxygen to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. If the high energy demand during exercise is not balanced by sufficient oxygen supply, hypoxia occurs in skeletal muscle tissue leading to upregulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). The activity of HIF-1α increases the expression of various genes in order to reduce the metabolic dependence on oxygen and to increase oxygen supply to the tissue, e.g., VEGF which plays a role in angiogenesis. In myocardium, it is unclear whether exercise leads to hypoxia and whether HIF-1α and VEGF play a role in the mechanism of hypoxic adaptation. This study aimed to investigate the correlation of HIF-1α and VEGF in heart muscle tissue of rats during aerobic and anaerobic exercise.Methods: A rat treadmill was used with a specific exercise program for 1, 3, 7 and 10 days. The concentrations of HIF-1α and VEGF were measured the myocardium.Results: Both, HIF-1α protein and VEGF were increased (p < 0.05) in the groups with aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Concentrations of HIF-1α were highest on the first day of activity, being higher in the anaerobic than in the aerobic group (156.8 ± 33.1 vs. 116.03 ± 5.66). Likewise, the highest concentration of VEGF in the group with anaerobic exercise occurred on the first day (36.37 ± 2:35), while in the aerobic group, VEGF concentration was highest on day 3 (40.66 ± 1.73). The correlation between the myocardial tissue consentrations of HIF-1α and VEGF is moderate (r = 0.59) in the aerobic group and strong in the anaerobic group (r = 0.69).Conclusion: Aerobic and anaerobic exercise increase HIF-1α and VEGF concentrations in rat myocardium in specific patterns. The anaerobic condition triggers vascularization stronger and obviously earlier than aerobic exercise. (Med J Indones. 2012;21:133-40)Keywords: Exercise, HIF-1α, myocardium, VEGF
Current trend of maternal health in Indonesia
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 3 (2012): August
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v21i3.494

Abstract

Background: Achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) will be assessed in the next three years (2015). Several parameters in the area of maternal health are evaluated continuously. The aim of this paper is to formally summarize and report the state of maternal health in Indonesia based on the data from Basic Health Survey (Riskesdas) 2010. Methods: This paper utilizes tertiary data obtained from the latest Riskesdas (2010). Results: Data that is available in the report covers data about marriage, reproduction health, abortion, access to health care for pregnancies, place of labor, health care provider, as well as rate of the first postpartum period visit. Conclusion: The latest data shows improvement in the maternal health area, nevertheless large effort in maintaining and improving the condition is still needed. Continuous evaluation is also proven to be essential in achieving the goals. (Med J Indones. 2012;21:179-83)
Epinephrine in the tumescent technique for hypospadia surgery
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 3 (2012): August
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v21i3.495

Abstract

The use of tumescent technique, which contains epinephrine, in penile surgery has not been reported previously. Two patients with hypospadias had reconstructive operation using tumescent technique with a "One-per-Mil" tumescent solution containing epinephrine intra-operatively. The results was a clear operation field, almost bloodless during dissection, and no complication on the penis after epinephrine injection with minimal edema. Apparently, the "One-per-Mil" tumescent solution acts as a natural hydro-dissector creating avascular anatomic tissue planes for easier and more rapid dissection in surgery for hypospadias. We suggest that epinephrine is safe to be injected in penis as a future area of clinical practice. (Med J Indones. 2012;21:175-8)
Parathyroid carcinoma: review of a problematic case
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 3 (2012): August
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v21i3.496

Abstract

Parathyroid carcinoma (PTCA) is a rare neoplasm that accounts for less than 1% of primary hyperparathyroidism cases. Several clinical and biochemical features can directing to PTCA, but accurate pre and intraoperative diagnosis are still difficult. This study presents a case of PTCA that diagnosed postoperatively with a discussion of microscopic feature. The surgical exploration revealed an enlarged parathyroid mass which invade recurrent laryngeal nerve and right thyroid gland. Histologic features showed tumor nodules separated by thick fibrous band with capsular invasion and local infiltration to adjacent tissues. The final diagnosis of PTCA was made based on clinical feature and specimens examination. (Med J Indones. 2012;21:170-4)
Improving the probability of pregnancy in endometriosis cases: a study in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 3 (2012): August
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v21i3.497

Abstract

Background: Endometriosis is the most common condition underlying infertility in women. To increase the rate of pregnancy in women with endometriosis, embryo selection is performed during in vitro fertilization. This study aims to prove the effectiveness of embryo selection on the rate of pregnancy in a hospital in Jakarta. Methods: This is a cross sectional clinical epidemiology study, performed on endometriosis patients who visited the hospital between 2007-2009. Patients were diagnosed with endometriosis using the laparoscopy technique. Embryo selection was performed by assessing the morphology and cell count. Results: We were able to collect data from 72 subjects who underwent IVF during this research period. One subject was dropped out of the program due to immaturity of the oocyte. Successful fertilization was achieved for 65 subjects, but two of them did not undergo embryo transfer. Out of all the subjects undergoing embryo transfer, 26 subjects successfully became pregnant (36.1%). In severe endometriosis cases, pregnancy was achieved with excellent quality embryos (50%) and good-moderate quality embryos (16.7%); but the probability of failure to become pregnant was found to be the same (50%). In mild-moderate endometriosis cases, the probability of pregnancy with excellent quality embryos was 39% compared to 25% chance with good-moderate quality embryos. Regarding the number of embryos that were transferred, we have found that the probability of pregnancy was 50% higher when 3 embryos were transferred, compared to 1 or 2 transferred embryos. Conclusion: This study shows that embryo quality and the number of transferred embryos are relevant to increase the probability of pregnancy in patients undergoing IVF. But because the probability of not achieving pregnancy is not significantly different, we need to find another marker that is more sensitive to assess the quality of embryo transfer. (Med J Indones. 2012;21:147-51)
Prognostic factors of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in brain injury patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 3 (2012): August
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v21i3.499

Abstract

Background: This study aims to determine the association between neuroinflammation and oxidative stress with prognosis of brain injury patients and the association between neurosurgical procedure with neuroinflammation and oxidative stress condititons. Methods: The study design is a prospective observation of 40 brain injury patients who underwent surgery. IL-6, uric acid, MDA, NR2A antibodies and GSH serum level of pre- and 1 day post-operation on brain injury patients were measured, and their association with GCS, GOS and neurosurgical procedures were analyzed. Results: The post-operative IL-6 serum level showed a downward trend compared to pre-operative value (mean decrease: -190.61 pg/mL). The post-operative IL-6 level was significantly associated with GCS 7 days post-operation (p = 0.006), with OR 24. The post-operative IL-6 serum level was significantly associated with GOS 3 months post-trauma (p = 0.016) with OR 11.6. The post-operative uric acid serum level showed a downward trend compared to pre-operative value (mean decrease: -0.26 mg/dL). There was a significant difference between the mean value of post-operative uric acid serum level in patients with 7 days post-trauma with GCS ≤ 8 (mean: 4.16 mg/dL) and GCS > 8 (mean: 2.71 mg/dL), (p = 0.042). The post-operative MDA serum level showed a downward trend compared to pre-operative value (mean decrease: -0.08 nmol/mL). There is no significant association between MDA serum level, GCS and GOS and no significant association of NR2A antibody and GSH serum level with GCS, GOS and neurosurgical procedure. From the multivariate analysis, the most important neuroinflammatory variable associated with GCS and GOS is IL-6. Conclusion: Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress may have prognostic values in brain-injured patients, in particular IL-6. Neurosurgical procedures may decrease the neuroinflammation process (Med J Indones. 2012;21:152-9)
Correlation of zinc plasma and IgM anti-PGL-1 levels among close contact of leprosy
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 3 (2012): August
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v21i3.500

Abstract

Background: Previous study showed leprosy patients have low zinc status. Yet the status of zinc in close-contact, which indicated by IgM anti-PGL1 level, have not determined. The aim of the study was to determine the association of zinc plasma and IgM anti-PGL-1 levels among close contact of leprosy patients in Indonesia. Methods: This was an observational study. Subjects were 186 close-contact leprosy patients. Measurement of zinc plasma status used atomic absorption spectrophotometer while examination of IgM anti-PGL1 level used ELISA (Polyclonal rabbit anti human IgM/HRP/(Dako®). Results: The average level of IgM anti-PGL1 and zinc plasma were 804 unit/mL (± 439.4) and 16.6 μmol/L (± 3.5) consecutively. There was significant correlation between zinc plasma and IgM anti-PGL1 (r = - 0.230; p = 0.002). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between zinc plasma and IgM anti-PGL1 in close contact of leprosy (Med J Indones. 2012;21:166-9)

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