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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI)
Published by IAES Indonesia Section and Partners
ISSN : 20893272     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) is a peer reviewed International Journal in English published four issues per year (March, June, September and December). The aim of Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of electrical engineering. Its scope encompasses the engineering of Telecommunication and Information Technology, Applied Computing & Computer, Instrumentation & Control, Electrical (Power), Electronics, and Informatics.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 16 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 11, No 4: December 2023" : 16 Documents clear
Autoencoder-Based Representational Learning for the Determination of Corrosion Severity Ayogu, Ikechukwu Ignatius; Ekebor, Kizito Chiziterem; Nwokorie, Euphemia Chioma; Nwokonkwo, Obi Chukwuemeka
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) Vol 11, No 4: December 2023
Publisher : IAES Indonesian Section

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52549/ijeei.v11i4.4928

Abstract

Automatic determination of corrosion severity is an important task that has not received adequate study due to the non-availability of datasets. This study explores corrosion severity detection by leveraging representation learning for the development of lightweight, shallow machine learning models. A variational autoencoder was used for feature extraction. Four classifiers, specifically RF, SVC, k-NN, and XGBoost, were trained using the encoded representation without any additional processing. Voting classifiers were also constructed using the trained models. Except for the slight drop in precision (6.06%) of the soft voting classifier, augmentation produces a general positive influence on the precision, recall, and F1-score of the models understudied; it improved the precision, recall, and F1-metrics of K-NN and hard-voting classifiers most remarkably. For K-NN, the improvement reached 29.17%, 20.93%, and 30.77% for precision, recall, and F1-metrics, respectively, and 30.36%, 26.42%, and 35.29%, respectively, for the hard voting classifier. Whereas our experiments could not produce state of-the art results, it provides adequate motivation to further study VAE as a data preprocessing unit for the development of simple, efficient, lightweight models that can be deployed on resource constrained devices, which will in turn advance the development and deployment of corrosion monitoring systems on low-cost devices.
Design of 28 GHz Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Applications Rana, Md Sohel; Moniruzzaman, Md.; Biswas, Anup Nirjhar; Azad, Tamanna; Mondal, Somapti; Islam, A.S.M. Tanvir Ul; Pal, Sourav; Islam, Rakibul; Islam, Md. Rabiul; Hossain, Sifat; Faruq, Omar; Shuva, Shubhra Kanti Sina
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) Vol 11, No 4: December 2023
Publisher : IAES Indonesian Section

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52549/ijeei.v11i4.4942

Abstract

This research paper presents a 28 GHz microstrip patch antenna design and analysis for mobile phone applications. Fr-4 (lossy) material, whose dielectric permittivity is 4.3 and loss tangent is 0.025, has been used as a substrate material for the antenna. Besides, copper annealed has been used in the ground, and the thickness of the patch is 0.035. CST software creates and simulates the complete antenna. Among the results obtained from the simulation, return loss, VSWR, directivity gain, and bandwidth are -24.507 dB, 1.126, 7.19 dBi, and 1.352 GHz, respectively. The main objective of this proposed antenna is to achieve an excellent VSWR value by reducing the return loss, increasing the antenna's directivity gain, and improving the bandwidth. As a result, this proposed design can be used on super-high-frequency devices (mobile phones) in the future. The fact that the results obtained from the suggested antenna design are superior to those reported in papers published in the past hints that the research has achieved increased performance compared to studies already conducted in the field.
Optimal operation mode of wind turbines in distribution grid to minimize energy loss considering power generation probability Chung, Phan Dinh; An, Luu Ngoc; Hieu, Trinh Trung
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) Vol 11, No 4: December 2023
Publisher : IAES Indonesian Section

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52549/ijeei.v11i4.5005

Abstract

This research considers a distribution grid where wind turbines were connected. The aim of this reasearch is to determine the optimal operation mode and setting parameter of wind turbines to minimize the energy loss of this distribution grid. To obtain the above purpose, we proposed an algorithm based on PSO algorithm. The suggested algorithm was coded in MATLAB and it was verified via a sample distribution grid. Results indicated the optimal operation mode and setting data in which the energy loss in the tested grid is minimal. Moreover, this research also compared the testing results with three cases of the generation at wind turbine node including average power, rated power and power probability distribution. Comparing results indicated that we cannot use average power generation or rated power of wind turbine to determine the optimal operation mode and setting data of wind turbines instead of we use the power distribution probability
Optimal Load Frequency Control for Interconnected Power Systems using Optimized PI-PD Controller with TCSC and HVDC Integration Nath, Vivek; Sambariya, D.K
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) Vol 11, No 4: December 2023
Publisher : IAES Indonesian Section

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52549/ijeei.v11i4.5076

Abstract

The aim of this study is to develop a consistent load frequency control system for a multi-area power system (PS) network that uses a variety of energy sources. The research focuses on improving frequency regulation and ensuring stability in the face of uncertainties and disturbances. This article introduces load frequency control (LFC) analysis for multi-area multi-source (MAMS) interconnected power systems (IPS). Each area comprises thermal reheat turbines, a hydro unit, and gas turbines as generating units. The effect of AVR after TCSC and HVDC is extensively investigated in this research article. The suggested hybrid PI-PD controller is tuned using the PSO optimization technique, presenting a novel and efficient approach to addressing the complexities of multi-area power systems. Another significant advancement is the incorporation of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) and thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC) as auxiliary parameters. This dual integration improves system robustness by managing power flow variations and enhancing transient response, ultimately contributing to the overall stability of the multi-area power grid. Four different power system models are studied. To determine the best value for controllers, all four performance metrics are employed to define the optimal parameters of the PI-PD and PID controller. Eigenvalues analysis is also conducted to find the stability of the MAMS power system. The robustness of the proposed PI-PD controller at different loading conditions is tested, and the superiority of the suggested controller is determined by executing it in four different cases. A step-load of 10% is applied for each area. Non-linearities such as governor dead band (GDB), governor rate constraints (GRC), and the boiler are also included in the MAMS-IPS. Based on settling-time (ST) and rise-time (RT), the performance of the proposed controller is compared with various PID controllers optimized with novel evolutionary algorithms from recent published literature. MATLAB 2018@ software is used for simulation purposes.
Characterization of Short-Term Wind Power Variations and Estimation of Reserve Requirements for High Wind Generation Shares Eltohamy, Mohammed Saber; Abdel Moteleb, Mohammed Said; Talaat, Hossam E. A.; Mekhamer, S. F.; Omran, Walid A.
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) Vol 11, No 4: December 2023
Publisher : IAES Indonesian Section

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52549/ijeei.v11i4.4930

Abstract

The need to deal with variability in wind power output is one of the greatest challenges connected with adopting a considerable amount of wind power into power grids. Power system operators need to acquire more information on this variability, which can be utilized in the mitigation of high ramping events, especially when these events synchronize with a large error in the prediction, ensuring flexibility and reliability in the power system besides the economic considerations. The paper analyses short-term variability in output power using actual data obtained from aggregated wind farms from 2015 to 2020, where power ramping characteristics are described using a variety of measurements. The use of the standard deviation of short-term wind power variation as a reserve measure will be investigated in detail since there is no consensus about the ideal confidence level value as a multiplier of σ, which ranges from 3 to 6 times σ. The paper addresses how large this confidence level should be, as well as developing a data-driven approach for estimating this reserve with increasing wind shares and evaluating the proper distribution of short-term wind variation. The results illustrate that the stochastic variations in wind power can retain many of their characteristics from year to year, even when the share of wind capacity is raised. 
MIMO System Capacity based on Multiple fading channels and varying numbers of antennas including the comparison of MIMO-NOMA and MIMO-OMA Islam, Md. Shariful; Mahmud, Md Ashek Raihan; Jewel, Md Khalid Hossain
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) Vol 11, No 4: December 2023
Publisher : IAES Indonesian Section

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52549/ijeei.v11i4.5178

Abstract

Multiput-Input, Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems have greatly improved data speed, connection stability, and spectrum efficiency, revolutionizing wireless communication. In cases where numerous fading channels coexist and the number of antennas at both the transmitter and receiver fluctuates, this paper examined the functionality of MIMO systems. In actual wireless settings, fading channels frequently occur, resulting in time-varying and spatially correlated channel characteristics. In this paper, we used a thorough analysis to investigate the capability of MIMO systems under some difficult circumstances. We considered circumstances with various numbers of antennas, channel correlation, and fading statistics, ranging from Single-Input, Single-Output (SISO) to MIMO setups. We investigated the impact of geographic diversity, Rayleigh, Rician, Nakagami fading models, and correlated fading channels on system performance.  The trade-offs between the quantity of antennas, channel correlation, and capacity in MIMO systems are well illustrated by our findings. We presented our evidence in this paper to show that MIMO-NOMA is solely superior to MIMO-OMA in terms of total channel capacity, except in scenarios where communication is limited to one individual, with a power disparity for which  MIMO-NOMA can achieve strictly larger rate pairs than MIMO-OMA. This study also explored the outage probability (OP) performance of MIMO-NOMA and MIMO-OMA systems in a massive MIMO communication scenario, including different fading channels. Based on these findings, we demonstrated that MIMO-NOMA can achieve a higher total ergodic capacity than MIMO-OMA.
A Review on Explainable Artificial Intelligence Methods, Applications, and Challenges Belghachi, Mohammed
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) Vol 11, No 4: December 2023
Publisher : IAES Indonesian Section

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52549/ijeei.v11i4.5151

Abstract

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged as a critical area of research and development in the field of artificial intelligence. This abstract provides an overview of XAI, covering its methods, applications, and challenges. XAI Methods: XAI methods aim to enhance the transparency and interpretability of complex machine learning models. Model-agnostic techniques like LIME and model-specific methods like SHAP have gained prominence in providing explanations for AI predictions. The field also explores interpretable deep learning architectures and approaches to make neural networks more transparent. XAI Applications: XAI finds applications across diverse domains. In healthcare, XAI assists in interpreting medical diagnoses and treatment recommendations. In finance, it aids in risk assessment and regulatory compliance. XAI is crucial in autonomous vehicles to explain decision-making processes, contributing to safety and trust. In customer service, it improves chatbot interactions by providing understandable responses. Moreover, XAI has relevance in agriculture, manufacturing, energy efficiency, education, content recommendation, and more. XAI Challenges: Despite its significance, XAI faces several challenges. Balancing model complexity with interpretability remains a fundamental trade-off. Detecting and mitigating bias in AI systems is crucial, especially in sensitive domains. Ensuring ethical considerations, data privacy, and user consent are paramount. Challenges also include providing explanations for high-stakes decisions, addressing the need for human oversight, and adapting to international and cultural norms. In conclusion, XAI plays a pivotal role in making AI systems more transparent, fair, and accountable. As it continues to evolve, it is poised to shape the future of AI by enabling users to understand and trust AI systems, fostering responsible AI development, and addressing ethical and practical challenges in various applications.
Design and Realization of 2.4 GHz Bowtie Antenna for Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) ALtalqi, Fatehi; Elisa, Ulfa; Echchelh, Adil
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) Vol 11, No 4: December 2023
Publisher : IAES Indonesian Section

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52549/ijeei.v11i4.4836

Abstract

In this research, a microstrip antenna with a bowtie hole was constructed. The proposed antenna is designed and fabricated to operate in the 2.4 GHz frequency band. Arc antennas are a popular choice due to their flat structure, lightweight design, wide bandwidth, and high gain characteristics for GPR applications. The antenna was designed as a microstrip antenna in the size of 58 mm x 69 mm. using an FR4 duplex printed circuit board with a material thickness of 1.6 mm, a dielectric constant of 4.3 and a transverse dielectric loss tangent of 0.02. The design and simulation were performed using CST Studio Suite programming. The results of the simulation and measurements antenna were tested for resonant frequency, return loss, VSWR, bandwidth, impedance, and polarization, and the simulation results were compared. The measurements carried out with a Vector Network Analyzer, showed a return loss of -18, a VSWR of 1.29, a bandwidth of 100 MHz, an impedance of 47ohms, and a high gain of 18 dB at 2.42 GHz. Both the simulation and measurement results demonstrated good agreement, with frequency bands of interest that were very close and stable with high-gain omnidirectional radiation characteristics. Thus, the antenna is well-suited to meet the requirements of GPR applications.
Design and Performance Analysis of a Fast 4-Way Set Associative Cache Controller using Tree Pseudo Least Recently Used Algorithm Hazlan, Mohamed Alfian Al-Zikry; Gunawan, Teddy Surya; Yaacob, Mashkuri; Kartiwi, Mira; Arifin, Fatchul
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) Vol 11, No 4: December 2023
Publisher : IAES Indonesian Section

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52549/.v11i4.5014

Abstract

In the realm of modern computing, cache memory serves as an essential intermediary, mitigating the speed disparity between rapid processors and slower main memory. Central to this study is the development of an innovative cache controller for a 4-way set associative cache, meticulously crafted using VHDL and structured as a Finite State Machine. This controller efficiently oversees a cache of 256 bytes, with each block encompassing 128 bits or 16 bytes, organized into four sets containing four lines each. A key feature of this design is the incorporation of the Tree Pseudo Least Recently Used (PLRU) algorithm for cache replacement, a strategic choice aimed at optimizing cache performance. The effectiveness of this controller was rigorously evaluated using ModelSim, which generated a comprehensive timing diagram to validate the design's functionality, especially when integrated with a segmented main memory of four 1KB banks. The results from this evaluation were promising, showcasing precise logic outputs within the timing diagram. Operational efficiency was evidenced by the controller's swift processing speeds: read hits were completed in a mere three cycles, read misses in five and a half cycles, and both write hits and misses in three and a half cycles. These findings highlight the controller's capability to enhance cache memory efficiency, striking a balance between the complexities of set-associative mapping and the need for optimized performance in contemporary computing systems. This study not only demonstrates the potential of the proposed cache controller design in bridging the processor-memory speed gap but also contributes significantly to the field of cache memory management by offering a viable solution to the challenges posed by traditional cache configurations.
Innovative Emerging Ontology-driven Frameworks: A Systematic Literature Review Mokgetse, Tshepiso Larona; Hlomani, Hlomani; Sigwele, Tshiamo
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) Vol 11, No 4: December 2023
Publisher : IAES Indonesian Section

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52549/.v11i4.5106

Abstract

Previous research has shown that ontologies and related semantic web technologies have positioned themselves as good solutions for data integration and resource reusability. Pitfalls and traps in modelling domains can be avoided if researchers and scholars adopt and use ontology-driven frameworks for their research. This research work aims to review currently developed or proposed ontology-driven frameworks, and clearly illustrate their development, application, and practicality. The review then ultimately addresses three main research questions driving the literature review through a synthesis of information that exists about ontology-driven frameworks. Search strings were used to obtain articles from online electronic databases. The PRISMA chart was used for the final selection of the 60 articles for review. A method of scoring called the Assessment of Multiple System Reviews (AMSTAR) was used on the included studies for quality assessment. The AMSTAR mean overall result was 9, the median 10, and the standard deviation 0.99.  The results reveal a downward trend of ontologies in 2010, with Web Ontology Language (OWL) being the most used language for ontology-driven frameworks and systems, with over 70% usage.

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