Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI)
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) is a peer reviewed International Journal in English published four issues per year (March, June, September and December). The aim of Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of electrical engineering. Its scope encompasses the engineering of Telecommunication and Information Technology, Applied Computing & Computer, Instrumentation & Control, Electrical (Power), Electronics, and Informatics.
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<![CDATA[Brain-Computer Interfacing for Wheelchair Control by Detecting Voluntary Eye Blinks ]]>
<![CDATA[William C Francis]]>;
<![CDATA[C Umayal]]>;
<![CDATA[G Kanimozhi]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) Vol 9, No 2: June 2021 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[IAES Indonesian Section ]]>
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DOI: 10.52549/ijeei.v9i2.2749
<![CDATA[The human brain is considered as one of the most powerful quantum computers and combining the human brain with technology can even outperform artificial intelligence. Using a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) system, the brain signals can be analyzed and programmed for specific tasks. This research work employs BCI technology for a medical application that gives the unfortunate paralyzed individuals the capability to interact with their surroundings solely using voluntary eye blinks. This research contributes to the existing technology to be more feasible by introducing a modular design with three physically separated components: a headwear, a computer, and a wheelchair. As the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the existing systems is too high to separate the eye blink artifacts from the regular EEG signal, a precise ThinkGear module is used which acquired the raw EEG signal through a single dry electrode. This chip offers an advanced filtering technology that has a high noise immunity along with an embedded Bluetooth module using which the acquired signal is transferred wirelessly to a computer. A MATLAB program captures voluntary eye blink artifacts from the brain waves and commands the movement of a miniature wheelchair via Bluetooth. To distinguish voluntary eye blinks from involuntary eye blinks, blink strength thresholds are determined. A Graphical User Interface (GUI) designed in MATLAB displays the EEG waves in real-time and enables the user to determine the movements of the wheelchair which is specially designed to take commands from the GUI. The findings from the testing phase unveil the advantages of a modular design and the efficacy of using eye blink artifacts as the control element for brain-controlled wheelchairs. The work presented here gives a basic understanding of the functionality of a BCI system, and provides eye blink-controlled navigation of a wheelchair for patients suffering from severe paralysis.]]>
<![CDATA[Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Technique for Speed Control of Six-Step Brushless DC Motor ]]>
<![CDATA[H. Abdelfattah]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohamed I Mosaad]]>;
<![CDATA[Nagwa F Ibrahim]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) Vol 9, No 2: June 2021 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[IAES Indonesian Section ]]>
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DOI: 10.52549/ijeei.v9i2.2614
<![CDATA[The brushless DC motors with permanent magnets (PM-BLDC) are widely used in a miscellaneous of industrial applications. In this paper, The adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) controller for Six-Step Brushless DC Motor Drive is introduced. The brushless DC motor’s dynamic characteristics such as torque , current , speed, , and inverter component voltages are showed and analysed using MATLAB simulation. The propotional-integral (PI) and fuzzy system controllers are developed., based on designer’s test and error process and experts. The experimential and hardware resuts for the inverter- driver circuits are presented. The simulation results using MATLAB simulink are conducted to validate the proposed (ANFIS) controller’s robustness and high performance relative to other controllers.]]>
<![CDATA[A Novel Approach for the Power Ramping Metrics ]]>
<![CDATA[Mohammed Saber Eltohamy]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohammed Said Abdel Moteleb]]>;
<![CDATA[Hossam Eldin Abdallah Talaat]]>;
<![CDATA[Said Fouad Mekhamer]]>;
<![CDATA[Walid Atef Omran]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) Vol 9, No 2: June 2021 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[IAES Indonesian Section ]]>
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DOI: 10.52549/ijeei.v9i2.2612
<![CDATA[One of the biggest concerns associated with incorporating a large amount of renewable energy into power systems is the need to cope with significant ramps in renewable power output. Power system operators need to have statistical information on the power ramping features of renewable generation, load, and net-load that can be used to mitigate ramping events in the case of a large forecast error to ensure the power system's flexibility and reliability; on the other hand, for economic considerations. So far, there is no consensus on a precise definition for the ramp event and so far there are hardly any metrics describing the ramping features of a power system. The paper introduces new metrics describing the power ramping features in a power system. The new metrics are ramp regularity factor (RRF), ramp intensity factor (RIF), and maximum ramp ratio (MRR). In addition, the coefficient of variation (CV) is used to characterize the average value of power ramps. The new ramp metrics are applied to the output power of Belgium's aggregated wind farms in 2017 and 2018. The results obtained by comparing the two years demonstrate that the two years have the same ramping behavior, although the average installed wind capacity has been increased. The new metrics can also be applied to other renewable sources (PV, tidal power, etc.), load, and net-load at any stage of operation.]]>
<![CDATA[A Fuzzy Logic Based Power Management System for a Hybrid Microgrid ]]>
<![CDATA[Md. Shamsul Arifin]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) Vol 9, No 2: June 2021 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[IAES Indonesian Section ]]>
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DOI: 10.52549/ijeei.v9i2.2627
<![CDATA[A fuzzy logic-based power management system for a hybrid microgrid is designed in this paper. This designed system is capable to manage the generations considering the load conditions. Consequently, a balance is maintained between generations and load. Furthermore, the system is capable to monitor and manage the storage system charging and discharging as well as to support the external load by sharing power as per considering the situation. Moreover, to make this system more efficient it is such designed that, the storage system will not take any energy from the conventional generation units of the microgrid. Additionally, it is also ensured that, no power will be delivered to the external load utilizing storage or generator. The “Fuzzy Logic Designer” toolbox of MATLAB is used to observe the relationship between the input and output variables, after establishing the fuzzy sets and rules. Furthermore, transferring the fuzzy data sets and rules to MATLAB Simulink and performing different case studies, the effectiveness of the designed system is verified numerically.]]>
<![CDATA[Design of a Lightning Protection System for an Overhead 3 kV DC Electrified Railway Line: A Case Study from South Africa ]]>
<![CDATA[Kelishia Radhalal]]>;
<![CDATA[Chandima Gomes]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) Vol 9, No 2: June 2021 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[IAES Indonesian Section ]]>
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DOI: 10.52549/ijeei.v9i2.2935
<![CDATA[A protection scheme is proposed for the 3 kV DC railway, in Kwa-Zulu Natal province, a region with a high lightning occurrence density. The surge protection was sought by implementing three metal-oxide surge arresters and an overhead ground wire. The purpose of these arresters is determined by their location in the circuit and the points that are vulnerable to adverse lightning effects: an arrester is installed to protect insulators between overhead lines and the supporting metallic mast, an arrester is installed to protect the point of contact between a stationary power supply wire and the train, and an arrester is installed to protect apparatus associated with the running tracks (return rail). An isolated earthing system is explored, and the effects of surge impedances and footing resistances are discussed. The voltage dropped across relevant vulnerable components and energy absorbed by the system components are determined by the simulation software Simulink. These results are compared with a railway system outfitted with the designed lightning protection mechanisms. Lightning currents are injected into the system using Heidler function where the parameters are in compliance with lightning protection standards. It is observed that the protection mechanisms defend susceptible components to a specified level. This demonstrates the success of the design in accordance with arrester protection levels (73.3 kV) and equipment withstand capabilities (a basic insulation level of 143 kV). This offers a protection margin of 95%. The largest percentage overshoot in the system is 39%, and this value is substantiated using reflection phenomena.]]>
<![CDATA[Hierarchical Fuzzy Systems: Interpretability and Complexity ]]>
<![CDATA[Tajul Rosli Razak]]>;
<![CDATA[Shukor Sanim Mohd Fauzi]]>;
<![CDATA[Ray Adderley JM Gining]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohammad Hafiz Ismail]]>;
<![CDATA[Ruhaila Maskat]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) Vol 9, No 2: June 2021 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[IAES Indonesian Section ]]>
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DOI: 10.52549/ijeei.v9i2.2813
<![CDATA[Hierarchical fuzzy systems (HFSs) have been regarded as a useful solution for overcoming the major issues in fuzzy logic systems (FLSs), i.e., rule explosion due to the increase in the number of input variables. In HFS, the standard FLS are reformed into a low-dimensional FLS subsystem network. Moreover, the rules in HFS usually have antecedents with fewer variables than the rules in standard FLS with equivalent functions, because the number of input variables in each subsystem is less. Consequently, HFSs manage to decrease rule explosion, which minimises complexity and improves model interpretability. Nevertheless, the issues related to the question of “Does the complexity reduction of HFSs that have multiple subsystems, layers and different topologies really improve their interpretability?” are not clear and persist. In this paper, a comparison focusing on interpretability and complexity is made between two HFS’ topologies: parallel and serial. A detailed measurement of the interpretability and complexity with different configurations for both topologies is provided. This comparative study aims to examine the correlation between interpretability and complexity in HFS.]]>
<![CDATA[Diversity Enhancement of MIMO System with GA Optimized Linear Precoding of Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes ]]>
<![CDATA[Harsha Gurdasani]]>;
<![CDATA[A G Ananth]]>;
<![CDATA[N Thangadurai]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) Vol 9, No 2: June 2021 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[IAES Indonesian Section ]]>
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DOI: 10.52549/ijeei.v9i2.2615
<![CDATA[The MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) systems in the field of digital communications make it possible to improve data transmission according to two main parameters which are often antagonistic: the information rate and the transmission reliability estimated in average binary error probability (BEP) term. With such systems, CSI (Channel State Information) on transmission is a key point for reducing the BEP thanks to different power allocation strategies. Thus, a linear precoder on transmission associated with a linear decoder on reception can optimize a particular criterion thanks to this information. This paper proposes a MIMO system with precoded orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBC) optimized by Genetic Algorithm with ZF and MMSE equalization. The performance evaluation is achieved by BER vs. SNR graphs.]]>
<![CDATA[Comparative study of battery energy storage systems in a micro-grid based on real-time simulation ]]>
<![CDATA[Karim Fellah]]>;
<![CDATA[Rosa Abbou]]>;
<![CDATA[Mounir Khiat]]>;
<![CDATA[Djelloul Rahiel]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) Vol 9, No 2: June 2021 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[IAES Indonesian Section ]]>
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DOI: 10.52549/ijeei.v9i2.2926
<![CDATA[The penetration of the distributed energy resources particularly solar and wind power into the electrical system has been increasing, but the intermittent nature of these resources produces perturbations and instability in the electrical grid. Thus, integrating energy storage system into the power grids is one of the best solutions to improve the reliability with performance of electrical systems; ensure power balance and meet consumer demand. Different technologies of energy storage devices have been used to support the integration of renewable energy resources and contribute to improve either the effectiveness with the management of power operating system during critical situations such as power fluctuations in the electrical grid. The main objective of this work is to test the effectiveness of battery energy storage system in reducing active power fluctuations in presence of a perturbation in a micro-grid. In addition, a comparative study is carried out by comparing the response of different battery technologies which are used to support the electrical grid in order to verify the appropriate battery technology for power systems and particularly for energy management in micro-grids during power fluctuations, also, the evaluation of the behaviour, feasibility, performance and effectiveness of BESS is achieved by using real-time simulation.]]>
<![CDATA[A Grid-connected Hybrid Renewable Energy System Using High-frequency Multi-winding Transformer and Phase Shift Modulation Technique ]]>
<![CDATA[Ramesh Kumar]]>;
<![CDATA[Ravi Chandra]]>;
<![CDATA[Anand Kumar]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) Vol 9, No 2: June 2021 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[IAES Indonesian Section ]]>
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DOI: 10.52549/ijeei.v9i2.1347
<![CDATA[This paper presents a topology of multi-port phase-shift converter for integration of a PV system, a wind-turbine generator and a battery to supply a grid-connected domestic load. The main advantage of the topology is using a multi-winding high-frequency transformer to couple the input and outputs of the system. This simplifies the power flow control and provides isolation between the converter ports. Detailed operation of the proposed topology and the control system analysis are discussed. A numerical simulation of the proposed system is carried out to confirm the system operation and control technique.]]>
<![CDATA[A Simple Method to Control The Excitation Angle for Switched Reluctance Motor ]]>
<![CDATA[Slamet - Riyadi]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI) Vol 9, No 2: June 2021 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[IAES Indonesian Section ]]>
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DOI: 10.52549/ijeei.v9i2.2814
<![CDATA[A switched reluctance motor (SRM) has been an alternative solution for electric drives because of its benefit features. The use of such a motor in electric vehicles (EVs) or hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) requires a control strategy that is capable to develop high torque. SRMs are commonly available in the market with rotor position detectors embedded inside. Problems will appear when such detectors are not symmetrically installed because most of SRM control strategies are commonly based on them. Inaccurate pulses will be generated by the control circuit which finally takes effect on phase current commutation or the beginning of the excitation which is not on proper angle. The use of such detectors is just capable to give information of rotor position in common angles. Improvement for such problems can be done by generating pulses related to the rotor position in smooth angles. In this paper, a control strategy to produce excitation signals with proper angles for SRM stator winding is proposed. By using input capture facility that is commonly available in embedded system, excitation angles can be controlled precisely because a large number of pulses can be produced by the system. Accuracy level of this strategy is determined by TIMER period of embedded system and speed of SRM. To verify the analysis, laboratory experiments were done. They show that the proposed control strategy is capable to rotate the motor with better performance.]]>
