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<![CDATA[Face Recognition Using Assemble of Low Frequency of DCT Features ]]>
<![CDATA[Abdullah Raja Ahmad, Raja]]>;
<![CDATA[Imran Ahmad, Muhammad]]>;
<![CDATA[Nazrin Md Isa, Mohd]]>;
<![CDATA[Amirul Anwar, Said]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1417
<![CDATA[Face recognition is a challenge due to facial expression, direction, light, and scale variations. The system requires a suitable algorithm to perform recognition task in order to reduce the system complexity. This paper focuses on a development of a new local feature extraction in frequency domain to reduce dimension of feature space. In the propose method, assemble of DCT coefficients are used to extract important features and reduces the features vector. PCA is performed to further reduce feature dimension by using linear projection of original image. The proposed of assemble low frequency coefficients and features reduction method is able to increase discriminant power in low dimensional feature space. The classification is performed by using the Euclidean distance score between the projection of test and train images. The algorithm is implemented on DSP processor which has the same performance as PC based. The experiment is conducted using ORL standard face databases the best performance achieved by this method is 100%. The execution time to recognize 40 peoples is 0.3313 second when tested using DSP processor. The proposed method has a high degree of recognition accuracy and fast computational time when implemented in embedded platform such as DSP processor.]]>
<![CDATA[A Efficacy of Different Buffer Size on Latency of Network on Chip (NoC) ]]>
<![CDATA[W. Zulkefli, F.]]>;
<![CDATA[Ehkan, P.]]>;
<![CDATA[N. M. Warip, M.]]>;
<![CDATA[Yen. Phing, Ng.]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1422
<![CDATA[Moores prediction has been used to set targets for research and development in semiconductor industry for years now. A burgeoning number of processing cores on a chip demand a competent and scalable communication architecture such as network-on-chip (NoC). NoC technology applies networking theory and methods to on-chip communication and brings noteworthy improvements over conventional bus and crossbar interconnections. Calculated performances such as latency, throughput, and bandwidth are characterized at design time to assured the performance of NoC. However, if communication pattern or parameters set like buffer size need to be altered, there might result in large area and power consumption or increased latency. Routers with large input buffers improve the efficiency of NoC communication while routers with small buffers reduce power consumption but result in high latency. This paper intention is to validate that size of buffer exert influence to NoC performance in several different network topologies. It is concluded that the way in which routers are interrelated or arranged affect NoC’s performance (latency) where different buffer sizes were adapted. That is why buffering requirements for different routers may vary based on their location in the network and the tasks assigned to them.]]>
<![CDATA[Flexible PVDF Thin Film as Piezoelectric Energy Harvester ]]>
<![CDATA[Izwan Nordin, Norfaizul]]>;
<![CDATA[Ab Rahim, Rosminazuin]]>;
<![CDATA[Aini Md Ralib, Aliza]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1423
<![CDATA[This aim of this paper is to study the potential of Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) polymeric piezoelectric film as an energy harvester for daily application use. PVDF offers several advantages over other piezoelectric materials such as high chemical strength and stability, high piezoelectric properties and biocompatible. Several investigations were carried out in this project which comprises of simulation, functionality test and application test. For functionality test, the highest voltage produced for a single film PVDF is 0.368 V which charges up a capacitor to 0.219 V in one minute. The highest voltage produced by multiple PVDF films is 1.238 V by stacking 10 films of PVDF in parallel which charges up to 0.688 V in one minute. For application test, 5 pieces of PVDF films were attached to a glove to generate some voltage during fingers bending activity. The highest output voltage recorded is 0.184 V which stores 0.101 V in a capacitor after 200 times of hand bending and releasing. As a conclusion, PVDF has a good potential as an alternative energy for daily application use. Combination of PVDF energy harvester system with proper power optimization circuit will open up rooms of research opportunities in energy harvester system with promising prospect in self-powered wireless electronics devices for Internet-of-Things application.]]>
<![CDATA[Food Intake Gesture Monitoring System Based-On Depth Sensor ]]>
<![CDATA[Fuad bin Kassim, Muhammad]]>;
<![CDATA[Norzali Haji Mohd, Mohd]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1424
<![CDATA[Food intake gesture technology is one of a new strategy for obesity people managing their health care while saving their time and money. This approach involves combining face and hand joint point for monitoring food intake of a user using Kinect Xbox One camera sensor. Rather than counting calories, scientists at Brigham Young University found dieters who eager to reduce their number of daily bites by 20 to 30 percent lost around two kilograms a month, regardless of what they ate [1]. Research studies showed that most of the methods used to count bite are worn type devices which has high false alarm ratio. Today trend is going toward the non-wearable device. This sensor is used to capture skeletal data of user while eating and train the data to capture the motion and movement while eating. There is specific joint to be capture such as Jaw face point and wrist roll joint. Overall accuracy is around 94%. Basically, this increase in the overall recognition rate of this system.Food intake gesture technology is one of a new strategy for obesity people managing their health care while saving their time and money. This approach involves combining face and hand joint point for monitoring food intake of a user using Kinect Xbox One camera sensor. Rather than counting calories, scientists at Brigham Young University found dieters who eager to reduce their number of daily bites by 20 to 30 percent lost around two kilograms a month, regardless of what they ate [1]. Research studies showed that most of the methods used to count bite are worn type devices which has high false alarm ratio. Today trend is going toward the non-wearable device. This sensor is used to capture skeletal data of user while eating and train the data to capture the motion and movement while eating. There is specific joint to be capture such as Jaw face point and wrist roll joint. Overall accuracy is around 94%. Basically, this increase in the overall recognition rate of this system.]]>
<![CDATA[User’s Hand Effect on Efficiency of 2-port 5 GHz Mobile Terminal Antennas ]]>
<![CDATA[Muhammad Nor Che Isa, Che]]>;
<![CDATA[Abdullah Al-Hadi, Azremi]]>;
<![CDATA[Norlyana Azemi, Saidatul]]>;
<![CDATA[Khan, Rizwan]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1425
<![CDATA[In this paper, the influence of user’s hand on mobile terminal antenna when it placed approximately on top of Multiple Input Multiple Output radiating element antennas (PIFAs) is studied extensively. The antenna is designed to operate at 5 GHz with 1.5 GHz of -6 dB bandwidth. The effect of user’s hand with different finger positions are studied at seven positions on slit at the ground plane, seven differences height above the antenna and nine different locations around the radiating element at 2 mm height from antenna. The losses due to presence of hand are studied in terms of scattering parameters, radiation efficiency and matching efficiency. The maximum loss in term of isolation in the presence of user’s hand is found at 6 mm on the slit and it decreased as the hand move away from the slitted area on the ground plane. The maximum efficiency loss is observed when the finger is placed right on top of the radiating element with -5.85 dB compare to antenna without the presence of user’s hand. On the other hand, the result for matching efficiency indicates approximately 0.2 dB losses occurred when the fingers are varied at different height and position. ]]>
<![CDATA[Improved Wolf Algorithm on Document Images Detection Using Optimum Mean Technique ]]>
<![CDATA[Azani Mustafa, Wan]]>;
<![CDATA[Mydin M. Abdul Kader, Mohamed]]>;
<![CDATA[Ishwar Abdul Khalib, Zahereel]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1426
<![CDATA[Detection text from handwriting in historical documents provides high-level features for the challenging problem of handwriting recognition. Such handwriting often contains noise, faint or incomplete strokes, strokes with gaps, and competing lines when embedded in a table or form, making it unsuitable for local line following algorithms or associated binarization schemes. In this paper, a proposed method based on the optimum threshold value and namely as the Optimum Mean method was presented. Besides, Wolf method unsuccessful in order to detect the thin text in the non-uniform input image. However, the proposed method was suggested to overcome the Wolf method problem by suggesting a maximum threshold value using optimum mean. Based on the calculation, the proposed method obtained a higher F-measure (74.53), PSNR (14.77) and lowest NRM (0.11) compared to the Wolf method. In conclusion, the proposed method successful and effective to solve the wolf problem by producing a high-quality output image.]]>
<![CDATA[Energy Efficient Anti-Collision Algorithm for the RFID Networks ]]>
<![CDATA[Loganathan, Murukesan]]>;
<![CDATA[Sabapathy, Thennarasan]]>;
<![CDATA[Elshaikh, Mohamed]]>;
<![CDATA[Jusoh, Muzammil]]>;
<![CDATA[Badlishah Ahmad, R.]]>;
<![CDATA[Nasrun Osman, Mohamed]]>;
<![CDATA[Abd Rahim, Rosemizi]]>;
<![CDATA[Ilman Jais, Mohd]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1427
<![CDATA[Energy efficiency is crucial for radio frequency identification (RFID) systems as the readers are often battery operated. The main source of the energy wastage is the collision which happens when tags access the communication medium at the same time. Thus, an efficient anti-collision protocol could minimize the energy wastage and prolong the lifetime of the RFID systems. In this regard, EPCGlobal-Class1-Generation2 (EPC-C1G2) protocol is currently being used in the commercial RFID readers to provide fast tag identification through efficient collision arbitration using the Q algorithm. However, this protocol requires a lot of control message overheads for its operation. It is a known fact that the communication subsystem requires much higher energy consumption for its operation as compared to the computational subsystem. Therefore, a protocol with efficient collision arbitration capability and low control message overhead can be a suitable alternative for the commercial readers. In this regard, reinforcement learning based anti-collision protocol (RL-DFSA) is proposed to provide better time system efficiency while being energy efficient through the minimization of control message overheads. The proposed RL-DFSA was evaluated through extensive simulations and compared with the variants of EPC-Class 1 Generation 2 algorithms that are currently being used in the commercial readers. The results show conclusively that the proposed RL-DFSA performs identically to the very efficient EPC-C1G2 protocol in terms of time system efficiency but readily outperforms the compared protocol in the number of control message overhead required for the operation. In fact, RL-DFSA requires an order of magnitude lesser control message overheads as compared to the EPC-C1G2 protocol.]]>
<![CDATA[Performance evaluation of VLC system using new modulation approach ]]>
<![CDATA[N. Junita, M.]]>;
<![CDATA[R. Abdullah, S.]]>;
<![CDATA[M. Nawawi, N.]]>;
<![CDATA[M. S., Anuar]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1428
<![CDATA[We propose a modified OFDM modulation based on multiband scheme for visible light communications (VLC) system. The method called catenated-OFDM VLC system can efficiently boost the propagation distance and combat multipath induced the inter symbol interference and inter carrier interference. Design parameters such as number of optical bands, input power, distance and data rate are varied to see their effect on the system performances. Simulation analysis is done using Optisys software Ver. 11.0. The results show that the proposed system offers a good performance at longer transmission distance of 12 m for input power of 2 dBm in case of Band = 3 with 10 Gbps data rate. BER curves also indicates that the proposed system can be operated at very high data rate of 15 Gbps. This exhibits the ability of the proposed system to be one of the candidate for future optical wireless communication system.]]>
<![CDATA[Bandwidth and Gain Enhancement of a Circular Microstrip Antenna using a DNG Split Ring Resonator Radome ]]>
<![CDATA[Rasheed, Ojo]]>;
<![CDATA[Faizal Jamlos, Mohd]]>;
<![CDATA[Jack Soh, Ping]]>;
<![CDATA[Aminudin Jamlos, Mohd]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohamad Isa, Muammar]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1429
<![CDATA[This paper present the design of a circular patch microstrip antenna with enhancement in terms of bandwidth and gain using a dielectric double negative (DNG) split ring metamaterial radome. This radome is positioned on top of the CP antenna operating from 5.2 GHz to 6.4 GHz. The metamaterial radome comprises of two alternate split rings of negative permittivity, permeability and refractive index. The circular microstrip antenna bandwidth of 430 MHz has been realized by the presence of DNG metamaterial radome compared to 220 MHz without the radome. The gain has been increased as well from 1.84 dBi to 3.87 dBi.]]>
<![CDATA[Stability Check of Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) Micro Grid Power System ]]>
<![CDATA[A. J. Jeman, Ameerul]]>;
<![CDATA[M. S. Hannoon, Naeem]]>;
<![CDATA[Hidayat, Nabil]]>;
<![CDATA[M. H. Adam, Mohamed]]>;
<![CDATA[Musirin, Ismail]]>;
<![CDATA[V., Vijayakumar]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i1.1430
<![CDATA[As of late, expanding interest of renewable energy and consumption of non-renewable energy source have prompted developing advancement of renewable energy technology, for example, wind energy. Wind energy has turned out to be one of the reliable sources of renewable energy, which requests extra transmission capacity and better methods for sustaining system reliability. As of now, doubly fed induction generator wind turbine is the most well-known wind turbine. This paper focuses on DFIG wind farm design using MATLAB/SIMULINK and also investigates the issues of the system stability of the DFIG wind turbine micro grid power system. This analysis includes the changes of voltage, current, real power and reactive power based on various conditions of the power system.]]>
