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Pengaruh Kompos yang Diperkaya Bakteri Penambat Nitrogen dan Pelarut Fosfat terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kapri dan Aktivitas Enzim Fosfatase dalam Tanah Widawati, S; Suliasih, Suliasih; Muharam, Agus
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 3 (2010): September 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Penggunaan pupuk organik dalam budidaya sayuran memiliki beberapa keuntungan, terutama untukmempertahankan kondisi tanah dan menekan penggunaan pupuk anorganik. Penelitian dilaksanakan di DesaCidawu (1.250 m dpl.), Cibodas, Kabupaten Cianjur, Provinsi Jawa Barat, mulai bulan Januari sampai Desember2007. Sampel tanah dikoleksi dari daerah berbeda di Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahuipengaruh kompos yang diperkaya dengan bakteri pelarut fosfat (phosphate solubilizing bacteria=PSB) terhadappertumbuhan tanaman kapri dan aktivitas enzim fosfatase di dalam tanah. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acakkelompok dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Varietas kapri yang digunakan ialah varietas lokal. Perlakuanterdiri atas (A) tanpa pupuk, (B) pupuk anorganik (TSP+KCl+Urea), (C) kotoran ayam + sekam, (D) kompos, dan(E) kompos plus, yaitu kompos yang diberi campuran bakteri, yaitu bakteri penambat nitrogen simbiotik, bakteripenambat nitrogen nonsimbiotik, dan bakteri pelarut fosfat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa campuran bakteriyang diisolasi dari tanah gambut di Kalimantan Barat yang terkandung dalam kompos plus dapat beradaptasi denganbaik pada lahan di lokasi penelitian. Populasi total SNFB, NSNFB, dan PSB meningkat masing-masing menjadi 9,15x 108, 9,34 x 108, dan 9,35 x 108 sel/g tanah. Keberadaan campuran bakteri tersebut mampu meningkatkan aktivitasenzim fosfatase asam dan basa di dalam tanah. Peningkatan tertinggi aktivitas enzim fosfomonoesterase asam danbasa dicapai pada perlakuan kompos plus. Perlakuan tersebut juga meningkatkan berat buah kapri dibandingkandengan kontrol (75,32 %), perlakuan pupuk kimia (45,48%), kotoran ayam + sekam ( 31,19 %), dan kompos (15,60%). Pemanfaatan campuran bakteri pelarut fosfat tersebut dalam kompos diharapkan dapat digunakan secara meluasdalam pembudidayaan kapri dalam sistem organic farming (OF), sehingga berperan dalam peningkatan produksi dansekaligus menekan penggunaan pupuk anorganik.ABSTRACT. Widawati, S., Suliasih, and A. Muharam. 2010. The Effect of Compost Enriched with SymbioticNitrogen Fixing and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria on the Growth of Peas and the Activity of PhosphataseEnzymes in the Soil. The use of organic materials on cultivation of vegetable crops has some advantages, especiallyfor maintaining suitable soil conditions and decreasing the utilization of inorganic fertilizers. The research wascarried out at Cidawu Village, Cibodas (1,250 m asl.), Cianjur, West Java, from January to December 2007. Soilsamples were collected from some different areas in Pontianak, West Kalimantan. The research was aimed todetermine the effect of compost enriched with mixed phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on the growth of peasand on the activity of phosphatase enzymes in the soil. A randomized block design with five treatments and threereplications was used in the experiment. A local variety of peas was utilized in the experiment. The treatments werethe addition of fertilizers consisted of (A) without any fertilizer, (B) with inorganic fertilizers i.e. TSP+KCl+Urea,(C) with chicken dung + rice husk, (D) with compost, and (E) with compost plus (compost enriched with symbioticnitrogen fixing bacteria/SNFB, nonsymbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria/NSNFB, and PSB). The results showed thatthe mixed bacteria isolated from peat soil in West Kalimantan in the compost plus (treatment E) properly adaptedin soil conditions at the site of the experiment. The total populations of SNFB, NSNFB, and PSB were increased upto 9.15 x 108, 9.34 x 108, and 9.35 x 108 cell/g soil, respectively. The occurrence of the mixed bacteria increased theactivity of acid and alkaline phosphatases in the soil. The highest activities of acid and alkaline phosphomonoesteraseenzymes in the soil achieved by the treatment of compost plus. The treatment increased the fresh weight of peascompared to control (75.32 %), to the chemical fertilizers (45.48%), to chicken dung+rice husk ( 31.19 %), and tocompost (15.60 %). The widely application of the mixed PSB in compost is hopefully established in cultivation ofpeas in the organic farming (OF) system, then it will confidently support on the increase of peas production, and thedecrease of inorganic fertilizers as well.

Studi Fenofisiologi Pembungaan Salak Gula Pasir sebagai Upaya Mengatasi Kegagalan Fruit-Set Rai, I Nengah; Semarajaya, CGA; Wiraatmaja, I Wayan
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 3 (2010): September 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Salak Gula Pasir secara alamiah berbunga setiap 3 bulan sekali atau empat kali setahun, tetapi dariempat kali musim pembungaan, hanya satu sampai dua musim pembungaan saja yang menghasilkan buah. Kegagalanfruit-set menyebabkan panen buah salak Gula Pasir bersifat musiman. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari fenofisiologipembungaan salak Gula Pasir untuk mengatasi kegagalan fruit-set dan memproduksi buah di luar musim. Penelitianmenggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan satu faktor perlakuan dan 20 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji ialah musimpembungaan terdiri atas tiga taraf, yaitu musim pembungaan sela I (April), musim pembungaan gadu (Juli), dan musimpembungaan sela II (Oktober). Penelitian dilakukan di kebun salak Gula Pasir milik petani di Desa Sibetan, KecamatanBebandem, Kabupaten Karangasem, mulai bulan Maret sampai November 2009. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadappertumbuhan bunga dan buah, iklim mikro, kandungan N, P, dan K jaringan daun, dan kandungan N, P, dan K tanah.Data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam sesuai dengan rancangan yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwatanaman salak Gula Pasir yang diteliti dapat berbunga dengan baik pada sela I, gadu, dan sela II, tetapi persentasefruit-set pada gadu sangat rendah (20,53%) atau persentase bunga gugur sangat tinggi (79,47%). Tingginya persentasebunga gugur pada gadu berhubungan dengan kondisi iklim yang kurang mendukung, karena rendahnya intensitascurah hujan dan jumlah hari hujan, sehingga tanaman kekurangan air, yang ditunjukkan oleh rendahnya kandunganair relatif pada daun. Pembuahan salak Gula Pasir di luar musim dapat dilakukan dengan mengurangi persentasebuah gugur melalui pemberian air irigasi sebagai pengganti rendahnya curah hujan dan hari hujan.ABSTRACT. Rai, I. N., C.G.A. Semarajaya, and I. W. Wiraatmaja. 2010. A Study on the FloweringPhenophysiology of Gula Pasir Snake Fruit to Prevent Failure of Fruit-set. Flowering of Gula Pasir snake fruitnaturally occures once every 3 months or four times a year, but only one to two of flowering seasons succeeds toproduce fruit. Fruit-set failure causes the fruit harvest seasonally occurs. This research was aimed to study Floweringphenophysiology of Gula Pasir snake fruit to prevent failure fruit-set and to produce off-season fruit. A randomizedcomplete design with one treatment factor and 20 replications was used in the research. The treatment was floweringseason consisted of three levels i.e. sela I (April), gadu (July), and sela II (October). The research was conductedat a farmerâs snake fruit orchard in Sibetan Village, Bebandem Subdistrict, Karangasem Regency, from March toNovember 2009. Variables observed were flower and fruit growth, microclimate, N, P, and K leaf tissue content,and N, P, and K soil content. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (anova). The results showed that theability of the crop to flowering was the same between season of sela I, gadu, and sela II. However, the percentageof fruit-set at gadu was very low (20.53%) or flower drop was very high (79.47%). Due to unfavorable climaticecondition that was very low total rain day and rainfall. Therefore, the crop did not obtain sufficient water, that wasindicated by the lowest relative water content on leaf. Off-season fruit production of Gula Pasir snake fruit of couldbe established by decreasing the percentage of flower drop by utilyzing irrigation as the substitution of low totalrain day and rainfall.

Alternatif Model Usahatani Konservasi Tanaman Sayuran di Hulu Sub-DAS Cikapundung Sutrisna, Nana; Sitorus, Santun RP; Pramudya, B; Harianto, Harianto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 3 (2010): September 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Hulu Sub-DAS Cikapundung merupakan lahan kering dataran tinggi. Penggunaan lahan yang tidaksesuai dengan kesesuaian, menyebabkan lahan mengalami degradasi. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah merancangalternatif model usahatani konservasi tanaman sayuran di hulu Sub-DAS Cikapundung, sedangkan tujuan antara ialah(1) mengevaluasi kesesuaian penggunaan lahan existing sesuai dengan kesesuaian lahannya, (2) mengarakterisasiusahatani existing, dan (3) menganalisis komponen yang paling berpengaruh pada subsistem usahatani konservasi.Penelitian menggunakan metode survei. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelas kesesuaian penggunaan lahanexisting di hulu Sub-DAS Cikapundung tergolong sesuai marginal (S3) dengan faktor pembatas pH, KB, KTK,ketersediaan oksigen, dan lereng. Kegiatan usahatani yang dilakukan petani di hulu Sub-DAS Cikapundung sudahberorientasi agribisnis, sehingga penggunaannya sangat intensif, namun belum sepenuhnya menerapkan teknologikonservasi. Komponen yang paling berpengaruh pada subsistem usahatani adalah jenis tanaman, sistem penanaman, danpenggunaan bahan amelioran, sedangkan pada subsistem konservasi adalah konservasi mekanik dan penggunaan mulsa.Lima alternatif model usahatani konservasi tanaman sayuran di hulu Sub-DAS Cikapundung yang diperoleh, yaitu (1)model A: sistem usahatani konservasi teras bangku, bedengan memotong lereng, menggunakan pupuk kandang+kapur,sistem penanaman sayuran tumpangsari/tumpang gilir kelompok I+III atau II+III, (2) model B: sistem usahatanikonservasi teras bangku, bedengan memotong lereng, menggunakan pupuk kandang, dipasang mulsa plastik, sistempenanaman sayuran tumpangsari/tumpang gilir kelompok I+III atau II+III, (3) model C: sistem usahatani konservasiteras bangku, bedengan memotong lereng, menggunakan pupuk kandang+kapur, dipasang mulsa plastik, sistempenanaman sayuran tumpangsari/tumpang gilir kelompok I+III atau II+III, (4) model D: sistem usahatani konservasiteras gulud, bedengan searah lereng, menggunakan pupuk kandang+kapur, sistem penanaman sayuran tumpangsari/tumpang gilir kelompok I+III atau II+III, dan (5) model E: sistem usahatani konservasi teras gulud, bedengan searahlereng, menggunakan pupuk kandang+kapur, dipasang mulsa plastik, sistem penanaman sayuran tumpangsari/tumpang gilir kelompok I+III atau II+III. Model A, B, dan C diarahkan untuk dapat diterapkan pada lahan dengankemiringan 16-25%, sedangkan model D dan E diarahkan pada lahan dengan kemiringan 8-15%. Untuk mempercepatpenerapan model usahatani konservasi oleh petani diperlukan kelembagaan penunjang usahatani konservasi.ABSTRACT. Sutrisna, N., Santun R.P. Sitorus, B. Pramudya, and Harianto. 2010. The Alternative ConservationFarming System Model on Vegetable Plants in Upstream Areas of Subwatershed Cikapundung. The upstreamarea of Subwatershed Cikapundung are located in the dry highland. Inappropriate land usage that doesnât utilize itsland suitability causes land degradation. The main objective of this research was to design the alternative conservationfarming system model on vegetable plants in upstream areas of subwatershed Cikapundung. The other objectives were(1) to analyze suitability of existing land utilization, (2) to characterize existing farming system, and (3) to analyzethe most effective component of the conservation farming system. This research was conducted by using a surveymethod. The results showed that the category in accordant to existing land use was belong to marginally suitable(S3). The limited factors were pH, base saturation, CEC, drainage, and slope. The most influence component of theconservation farming system were kinds of vegetation, cropping system, ameliorant, conservation techniques, andplastic mulch. There were five alternative models of conservation farming system that can be used in upstream areas ofsubwatershed Cikapundung. Those were (1) model A: conservation farming system bench terraces, the embankmentcrosses the slope, uses of organic matter and lime, and planting of vegetables cropping system with categoriesI+III or II +III, (2) model B: conservation farming system bench terraces, the embankment crosses the slope, usesorganic matter, uses mulch, and planting of vegetables cropping system with categories I+III or II+III, (3) model C:conservation farming system bench terraces, the embankment one-way the slope, use organic matter and lime, usesmulch, and planting of vegetables cropping system with categories I+III or II+III, (4) model D: conservation farmingsystem gulud terraces, the embankment one-way the slope, uses organic matter and lime, and planting of vegetablescropping system with categories I+III or II+III, and (5) model E: conservation farming system gulud terraces, theembankment one-way the slope, uses organic matter and lime, uses mulch, and planting of vegetables cropping systemwith categories I+III or II+III. The alternative models A, B, and C can be used at sloping land 16-25%, meanwhilethe alternative models D and E at sloping land 8-15%. To accelerate the implementation of farming system modelby farmers, the supporting institution of conservation farming system is required.

Aplikasi Pupuk Organik dan Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Tomat dan Aktivitas Mikroba Tanah Suliasih, Suliasih; Widawati, S; Muharam, Agus
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 3 (2010): September 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Pemanfaatan bahan organik untuk budidaya tomat dewasa ini difokuskan untuk menekan penggunaanbahan kimia yang berlebihan, sehingga kerusakan lingkungan dapat diminimalkan. Percobaan dilaksanakan di DesaCidawu, Cibodas, Cianjur (1.250 m dpl.), sejak Januari sampai Desember 2007. Pupuk organik yang digunakanyaitu kompos dan kotoran ayam + sekam, sedangkan pupuk hayati yaitu bakteri pelarut fosfat (phosphatesolubilizing bacteria = PSB). Tujuan percobaan adalah mendapatkan inokulan yang efektif untuk meningkatkanpertumbuhan dan hasil tomat, serta menstimulasi aktivitas mikroba dan enzim fosfatase di dalam tanah. Percobaanmenggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan lima perlakuan, yaitu tanpa pemupukan maupun inokulan (K),pemberian inokulan PSB (P1), pemberian kompos (P2), pemberian kotoran ayam+sekam (P3), dan pemberianpupuk kimia NPK (P4), masing-masing dengan tiga kali ulangan. Varietas tomat yang digunakan adalah Gondol.Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk organik atau inokulan PSB dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhantanaman tomat dan hasil buahnya, serta populasi PSB dan aktivitas enzim fosfatase di dalam tanah. Pemberianinokulan PSB menghasilkan peubah tinggi tanaman tomat tertinggi (108,3 cm) dibandingkan dengan kontrol (72,3cm), dan meningkatkan hasil buah sebanyak 88,2% dibandingkan dengan kontrol, dan juga lebih tinggi daripadapemberian pupuk kimia NPK. Peningkatan tertinggi populasi PSB dan aktivitas enzim fosfatase asam serta basadalam tanah setelah panen tomat juga diperoleh dari pemberian inokulan PSB dibandingkan dengan perlakuanlain. Implementasi inokulan PSB dan pupuk organik secara meluas dalam pembudidayaan tomat diharapkandapat mendorong peningkatan produksi, produktivitas, dan mutu buah tomat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pasar.ABSTRACT. Suliasih, S. Widawati, and A. Muharam. 2010. The Application of Organic Fertilizers andPhosphate Solubilizing Bacteria to Increase the Growth of Tomato and Soil Microbial Activities. The use oforganic matters on tomato cultivation is focused to decrease the utilization of chemical substances for minimizingenvironmental degradation. An experiment was conducted at Cidawu Village, Cibodas, Cianjur (1,250 m asl.) todetermine the suitable and effective inoculant to increase the growth of tomato plants, and also to stimulate soil microbialactivities. The tomato variety used was Gondol. The organic fertilizers were compost, chicken dung plus rice husk,and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), as a biofertilizer. A randomized block design with three replications wasutilized in this experiment. The treatments consisted of without organic fertilizers or PSB (control) (K), inoculationof PSB (P1), application of compost (P2), (4) application of chicken dung plus rice husk (P3), and application of thechemical fertilizer (NPK) (P4). The results showed that the application of organic fertilizers and PSB increased thegrowth of tomato plants and also PSB population, acid, and alkaline phosphatase activities in the soil after harvesting.The inoculation of PSB resulted in heighest plant height (108.3 cm) compared to control (72.3 cm) and also thehighest tomato yield compared to the control treatment (88.2%), and even it was higher than the yield caused by theapplication of the chemical fertilizer. The highest increase of PSB population and the activities of acid and alkalinephosphatase enzymes in soil after harvesting was also caused by the application of the PSB inoculant compared to theother treatments. The applications of organic fertilizers and PSB for wide scale cultivation of tomato expectantly playan important role for increasing production, productivity, and quality of tomato to fulfill market demand for the product.

Formulasi Biopestisida Berbahan Aktif Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, dan Corynebacterium sp. Nonpatogenik untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Karat pada Krisan Hanudin, Hanudin; Nuryani, Wakiah; Silvia, Evi; Djatnika, Ika; Marwoto, Budi
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 3 (2010): September 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Karat putih yang disebabkan oleh Puccinia horiana merupakan salah satu penyakit pada krisan yangdapat menimbulkan kehilangan hasil sampai 100% . Selama ini untuk mengendalikan patogen tersebut, petani seringmenggunakan pestisida kimiawi. Hal tersebut sangat mengkhawatirkan mengingat penggunaan fungisida sintetiksecara berlebihan dapat mencemari lingkungan yang membahayakan bagi kehidupan makhluk hidup. Oleh karenaitu, cara pengendalian alternatif yang efektif dan aman bagi lingkungan diperlukan untuk mengendalikan penyakitkarat putih pada krisan. Salah satu alternatif cara pengendalian penyakit karat yaitu dengan mengaplikasikanbiopestisida yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium, rumah kaca, dan rumah plastik KebunPercobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias (1.100 m dpl), pada bulan April 2009 sampai Februari 2010. Tiga spesiesbakteri antagonis sebagai bahan aktif biopestisida (Bacillus subtilis Cs 1a, Corynebacterium sp.1, dan Pseudomonasflurescens 3 Sm) dan bahan pembawa (campuran antara ekstrak kascing, molase, gula pasir, dan atau kentang),masing-masing diformulasi dalam 12 jenis formula biopestisida cair. Formulasi biopestisida difermentasikan selama3 minggu dalam keadaan aerobik menggunakan biofermentor. Viabilitas bahan aktif dalam bahan pembawa diujisetiap bulan, yaitu pada periode sebelum dan sesudah fermentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi bahanaktif setelah difermentasi selama 3 minggu selalu meningkat, populasi bahan aktif sebelum fermentasi sejumlah 105cfu/ml meningkat menjadi 106-7 cfu/ml. Dua bulan setelah fermentasi, populasi bahan aktif biopestisida masih tetaptinggi yaitu berkisar antara 106-11 cfu/ml. Perlakuan ekstrak kascing + gula pasir + B. subtilis + P. fluorescens +Corynebacterium pada tingkat konsentrasi 0,3% merupakan perlakuan terbaik. Disamping dapat menekan intensitasserangan P. horiana (38,49%), formulasi biopestisida tersebut juga dapat menaikkan hasil panen bunga krisan layakjual sebanyak 14,58%.ABSTRACT. Hanudin, W. Nuryani, E. Silvia, I. Djatnika, and B. Marwoto. 2010. Formulation of BiopesticideContaining Bacilllus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Corynebacterium sp. for Controlling WhiteRust Disease on Chrysanthemum. White rust caused by Puccinia horiana is one of the contagious diseases ofchrysanthemum that is able to cause yield losses up to 100%. Chemical synthetic fungicides have been used tocontrol the disease. Because of harmful effects of the synthetic fungicides, the other alternative measure to controlthe disease have to be developed in order to support the sustainable farming system. One of the recommended controlmeasures is the application of biopesticide which is environmentaly friendly. The experiments were conducted inthe laboratory, glasshouse, and plastichouse of Indonesia Ornamental Crops Research Institute (1,100 m asl), fromApril 2009âFebruary 2010. Three candidates of biocontrol agents, i.e. B. subtilis Cs 1a, Corynebacterium sp.1, andP. fluorescens 3 Sm, were formulated with organic basal medium made from fermented worm manure, molasses,sugar, and or potatoes extracts. Twelve formulations were tested for their effectiveness to control the disease in thefield. The viability of the biocontrol agents in the formulations was monthly tested before and after fermentationprocess during storage. Population of the biocontrol agents, after fermentation for 3 weeks was increased from 105to 106-7 cfu/ml. Two months after fermentation the population of the biocontrol agents was still high (106-11 cfu/ml).The results showed that the formulation of vermicompost + sugar + B. subtilis + P. fluorescens + Corynebacteriumat the concentration level of 0.3%, was proven to be the best treatment. The treatment was effective to supress whiterust up to 38.49%, and could also increase the yield of marketable chrysanthemum flowers up to 14.58%.

Identifikasi Patogen Penyebab Busuk Pangkal Batang pada Tanaman Jeruk di Tanah Karo Marpaung, A E; Silalahi, Frit H; Purba, EIY
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 3 (2010): September 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Pertanaman jeruk saat ini, di Kabupaten Karo, memperlihatkan produktivitas rendah dan umur tanamanyang pendek. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh serangan Phytophthora spp. yang merupakan patogen penyebab penyakitbusuk pangkal batang pada tanaman jeruk. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi Phytophthora spp., patogen penyebabpenyakit busuk pangkal batang pada tanaman jeruk. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Penyakit, Kebun PercobaanTanaman Buah Berastagi dalam bulan Januari-Februari 2007. Daerah pengambilan sampel ialah di Desa SumbulKecamatan Kabanjahe, dan Desa Barusjahe Kecamatan Barusjahe. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jamurPhytophthora palmivora, P. citrophthora, dan P. parasitica ditemukan di Desa Sumbul. Jamur P. citrophthora danP. parasitica juga diperoleh di Desa Barusjahe. Sporangia dan misellium P. palmivora di Desa Sumbul berwarnamerah jambu dan putih, P. citrophthora berwarna putih dan hijau kehitaman, serta P. parasitica berwarna putihdan kuning muda, sedangkan di Desa Barusjahe P. citrophthora berwarna putih dan merah jambu dan P. parasiticaberwarna putih. Ukuran (panjang x lebar) sporangia P. palmivora (33-45) x (30-50) Î¼m, P. citrophthora di DesaSumbul (40-50) x (34-50) Î¼m, dan di Desa Barusjahe (30-45) x (30-45) Î¼m, P. parasitica di Desa Sumbul (33-35) x(29-30) Î¼m, dan di Desa Barusjahe (30-40) x (28-30) Î¼m. Ukuran sporangiofor P. palmivora pada umumnya sebesar6,25-250 Î¼m, panjang sporangiofor P. citrophthora di Desa Sumbul antara 25-68,75 Î¼m dan di Desa Barusjahe12,5-100 Î¼m, sedangkan panjang sporangiofor P. parasitica di Desa Sumbul 43,75-162,5 Î¼m dan di Desa Barusjahe6,25-150 Î¼m. Spesies phytophthora yang paling banyak ditemukan di Desa Sumbul adalah P. palmivora, sedangkandi daerah Barusjahe adalah P. citrophthora. Hasil identifikasi yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini akan bermanfaatdalam menentukan cara pengendalian Phytophthora spp. pada tanaman jeruk.ABSTRACT. Marpaung, A.E., F.H. Silalahi, and E.I.Y. Purba. 2010. Identification of the Causal Agent ofBrown Rot Gummosis on Citrus in Karo Region. Citrus cultivation in Karo region has exhibited low yieldingand short plant lifetime. This condition was caused by the infection of Phytophthora spp., the causal agent of brownrot gummosis on citrus. The objectives of the research was to identify the occurence of Phytophthora spp. on citrusplants. The research was conducted in Berastagi Fruits Plant Research Farm, from January to February 2007. Thesamples were collected from Kabanjahe District at the viilage of Sumbul and Barusjahe. The results indicated, thatPhytophthora palmivora, P. citrophthora, and P. parasitica were obtained from Sumbul village, while P. citrophthoraand P. parasitica were also found in Barusjahe village. The color of sporangia and misellium of P. palmivora originatedfrom Sumbul Village was white, P. citrophthora was white and dark green, and P. parasitica were pink and yellow,meanwhile the color of at P. citrophthora obtained from Barusjahe village were white and pink and P. parasitica waswhite. The size of sporangia P. palmivora was (33-45) x (30-50) Î¼m, P. citrophthora at Sumbul Village was (40-50)x (34-50) Î¼m, and from Barusjahe Village was (30-45) x (30-45) Î¼m, P. parasitica at Sumbul Village was (33-35)x (29-30) Î¼m and Barusjahe Village was (30-40) x (28-30) Î¼m. The general length of sporangiofor P. palmivorawas 6.25-250 Î¼m. The length of sporangiofor P. citrophthora at Sumbul Village was 25-68.75 Î¼m and at BarusjaheVillage was 12.5-100 Î¼m, even though P. parasitica at Sumbul Village was 43.75-162.5 Î¼m and Barusjahe Village was6.25-150 Î¼m. The most species of phytophthora found at Sumbul Village was P. palmivora and at Barusjahe Villagewas P. citrophthora. The result of the identification wil beneficial for the development of easier control measures ofPhytophthora spp. disease on citrus.

Mekanisme Ketahanan Terinduksi oleh Plant Growth Promotting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) pada Tanaman Cabai Terinfeksi Cucumber Mosaik Virus (CMV) Taufik, M; Rahman, A; Wahab, A; Hidayat, S H
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 3 (2010): September 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) dapat digunakan untuk menekan insiden penyakitmelalui mekanisme induksi ketahanan secara sistemik atau menghasilkan hormon tumbuh. Tujuan penelitian adalahmengetahui mekanisme ketahanan terinduksi pada tanaman cabai yang terinfeksi cucumber mosaik virus (CMV)dengan mengukur akumulasi asam salisilat (SA) dan peroksidase, deteksi CMV dengan teknik RT-PCR, dan analisispola protein tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi PGPR dapat mereduksi insiden penyakit padatanaman yang terinfeksi CMV. Aplikasi PGPR secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman cabaidan mengurangi insiden penyakit meskipun terinfeksi oleh CMV. Campuran isolat PG 01 dan BG 25 menghasilkanpertumbuhan tanaman yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Insiden penyakit yang ditunjukkanpada cabai yang diberi perlakuan campuran PG 01 dan BG 25 serta isolat BG 25 yang diberikan secara tunggalmencapai 8,33%, sementara insidensi penyakit pada cabai yang diberi isolat PG 01 secara tunggal mencapai 16,67%.Akumulasi SA dan peroksidase terjadi lebih tinggi pada tanaman cabai yang diaplikasi dengan PGPR. Teknik PCRmenggunakan primer spesifik berhasil mengamplifikasi genom CMV. Pola pita protein total tanaman yang diuji tidakberbeda dengan kontrol.ABSTRACT. Taufik, M., A. Rahman, A. Wahab, and S.H. Hidayat. 2010. Induced Resistant Mechanism byPlant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on Pepper Plants Infected By Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV).Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria can suppress disease intensity through systematical induction resistance or yieldhormone of growth regulator. The purpose of this research was to determine the mechanism of induced resistance CMVinfected chilli plants by measureing accumulate salicylated acid (SA), peroxidase (reverse transcriptase-polymerasechain reaction) (RT-PCR) and banding patterns of plant protein. The results showed that the application of PGPR canreduce of disease incidence pepper plants that was infected by CMV. Application PGPR can significantly improveplant growth and reduce the occurence of CMV infection symptoms. Mixture of isolates PG 01 and BG 25 gave betterresponse of plant growth compared to other treatments. The occurence of the disease on infected chilli plants treatedwith isolates mixture of PG 01 and BG 25, and single isolate of BG 25 was 8.33%, while the application of singleisolate of PG 01 caused the desease intensity up to 16.67%. The accumulation of salicylates acid and peroxydasewas higher in the chilli plants applied by PGPR. The technique of RT-PCR was able to detect CMV using spesificprimers. No difference of total protein band patterns between tested plants and control.

Kajian Teknis dan Ekonomis Sistem Tanam Dua Varietas Cabai Merah di Dataran Tinggi Soetiarsi, Thomas Agus; Setiawati, Wiwin
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 3 (2010): September 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji kelayakan teknis dan ekonomis sistem tanam monokultur dan tumpangsaridua varietas cabai merah di dataran tinggi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian TanamanSayuran Lembang, dari bulan September 2006 sampai dengan Februari 2007. Penelitian menggunakan perlakuanyang terdiri atas dua faktor, yaitu varietas cabai merah (Hot Chili dan Tanjung-2) dan sistem tanam (monokulturcabai merah dan tumpangsari cabai merah + kubis), seluas 2.500 m2/perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwasistem tanam tumpangsari antara cabai merah dengan kubis tidak memengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman cabai merah.Organisme pengganggu tumbuhan (OPT) yang menyerang pertanaman cabai merah selama percobaan berlangsungadalah gangsir, trips, kutukebul, kutudaun, layu bakteri, dan antraknos. Varietas Tanjung-2 terbukti relatif lebih tahanterhadap serangan OPT dibandingkan dengan varietas Hot Chili, serta mampu menekan kerusakan tanaman hingga50%. Secara teknis, hasil produksi varietas Tanjung-2 (monokultur dan tumpangari) lebih rendah dibanding HotChili. Secara ekonomis, penggunaan varietas Hot Chili yang ditumpangsarikan dengan kubis adalah yang palingmenguntungkan, dengan tingkat pengembalian marjinal yang lebih besar dari satu (>1) dan paling tinggi (458,95%)di antara perlakuan yang lain. Dengan diperolehnya teknologi sistem tanam cabai merah spesifik lokasi dataran tinggiyang secara teknis dapat diterapkan dan secara ekonomis menguntungkan, maka secara sosial akan mempunyaipeluang tinggi untuk diadopsi oleh petani.ABSTRACT. Soetiarso, T. A. and W. Setiawati. 2010. Technical and Economical Studies on Two Hot PepperVarieties Planting Systems in Highland Areas. The research was conducted to assess the technical and economicalfeasibility of two hot pepper varieties planting systems i.e. monoculture and intercropping in highland areas. It wascarried out in IVEGRIâs experimental garden from September 2006 to February 2007. The treatments used in theresearch consisted of two factors. The first factor was hot pepper varieties (Hot Chili and Tanjung-2) and the secondone was planting systems (monoculture of hot pepper and intercropping of hot pepper + cabbage). The results showedthat hot pepper intercropped with cabbage did not affect the growth of hot pepper. Some important pests and diseasesattacking hot pepper were crickets, thrips, bemisia, myzus, bacterial wilt, and anthracnose. Tanjung-2 was relativelymore resistant to pests and diseases than Hot Chili, and reduces of plant damage up to 50%. Agronomically, the yieldof Tanjung-2 as monocropped or intercropped was lower than Hot Chili. Compared to the other treatments, the use ofHot Chili variety intercropped with cabbage was the most profitable option economically. The marginal returns forthis option was greater than one (>1) and the highest (458.95%). The results suggest that the specifically-designedhighland hot pepper planting systems was not only technically feasible, but also economically viable. Hence, it hasgreat potential to be socially accepted and adopted by farmers as the end-users.

Persepsi dan Preferensi Konsumen terhadap Atribut Produk Beberapa Jenis Sayuran Minor Soetiarso, Thomas Agus
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 3 (2010): September 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi persepsi konsumen terhadap atribut produk sayuran minor sesuaidengan preferensinya. Penelitian survai konsumen dilaksanakan di Kotamadya Bandung, Jawa Barat pada bulanJuni-Agustus 2006. Pemilihan lokasi dilakukan secara sengaja, sedangkan pemilihan responden ibu rumah tanggasebanyak 49 orang dilakukan secara acak. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan kuesionerterstruktur. Pada penelitian ini komoditas sayuran minor (under-utilized/indigenous) yang dipilih adalah paria, seladaair, oyong, leunca, dan kemangi. Preferensi konsumen terhadap atribut kualitas sayuran minor dianalisis dengan teknikperingkat (ranking) dan diuji dengan Chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sayuran kemangi dan oyonglebih disukai konsumen daripada paria, leunca, dan selada air. Konsumen relatif jarang memanfaatkan kelima jenissayuran minor tersebut, yaitu satu kali sebulan atau lebih. Dua kendala utama dalan konsumsi sayuran minor adalahterbatasnya variasi menu masakan untuk selada air, oyong, dan kemangi, dan rasa yang kurang enak untuk paria danleunca. Secara umum konsumen menempatkan atribut kemudahan memperoleh di pasar pada urutan pertama dalammengonsumsi kelima jenis sayuran minor tersebut, dan berturut-turut diikuti oleh rasa, kemultigunaan (sebagai obat),gizi, daya simpan, dan harga. Sementara itu, preferensi konsumen terhadap atribut kualitas kelima jenis sayuran minorsesuai urutan pertimbangannya dalam memilih atau membeli adalah: (1) paria: panjang sedang (20 cm), diameterbuah sedang (5 cm), permukaan buah bergerigi sedikit-banyak, bentuk buah lurus, kekerasan buah sedang, warnadaging putih kehijauan, daging tebal, rasa agak pahit, dan jumlah biji sedikit, (2) selada air: warna daun hijau muda,ukuran tangkai sedang, jumlah daun/tangkai sedang-banyak, kekerasan daun renyah, dan rasa agak manis, (3) oyong:warna kulit hijau muda, panjang sedang (30 cm), diameter sedang (5 cm), kekerasan buah sedang, bentuk buah lurus,warna daging putih, serta jumlah biji sedikit, (4) leunca: warna buah hijau muda, ukuran buah sedang, kekerasan buahrenyah, jumlah buah/tangkai banyak, dan rasa manis, (5) kemangi: warna daun hijau muda-tua, ukuran daun sedang(diameter 3,5 cm), jumlah daun/tangkai sedang-banyak, bau/aroma sedang-menyengat, tidak ada bunga, dan jumlahcabang/tangkai banyak. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar untuk memperbaiki atribut sayuran minorsesuai dengan preferensi konsumen serta upaya untuk meningkatkan potensi ekonomis komoditas tersebut.ABSTRACT. Soetiarso, T. A. 2010. Consumerâs Perception and Preference on Product Attributes of SomeUnder-utilized (Minor) Vegetables. The study was aimed to identify consumerâs perception on some under-utilized(minor) vegetables product attributes that reflected their preferences. A consumer survey was carried out in Bandung,West Java from June to August 2006. Survey location were purposively selected, while 49 household mothers wererandomly chosen. Data were collected through interviews by using a structured questionnaire. Minor vegetablesincluded in this study were bitter gourd, water cress, ridged gourd, night shade, and basil. Consumer preferenceson product attributes of minor vegetables were analyzed by using a ranking technique and tested with Chi-square.Results indicated that basil and ridged gourd were more preferred by consumers than bitter gourd, night shade,and water cress. Those five minor vegetables were rarely consumed once a month or more by consumers. Twomain constraints of the low consumption as perceived by consumers were limited menu variation for water cress,ridged gourd, and basil and taste was not good for bitter gourd and night shade. In general, consumers consideredthe easiness to obtain the minor vegetables in the market as the most important product attribute and subsequentlyfollowed by taste, multi-usage (for medicine), nutrition, storage life, and price. Meanwhile, consumer preferences onproduct attributes for each minor vegetables were as follow: (1) bitter gourd: medium length (20 cm), medium fruitdiameter (5 cm), less to much serrated of fruit surfaces, straight fruit shape, medium fruit hardness, greenish-whiteflesh color, thick flesh, less bitter, and less number of seeds, (2) water cress: light green leaf color, medium size ofbranch, medium to much number of leaves/branches, crispy leaves, and slightly sweet, (3) ridged gourd: light greenskin color, medium length (30 cm), medium diameter (5 cm), medium fruit hardness, straight fruit shape, white fleshcolor and less number of seeds, (4) night shade: light green fruit color, medium fruit size, crisp fruit hardness, muchnumber of fruits/branches and sweet taste, (5) basil: light to dark green leaves, medium leaf size (diameter 3.5 cm),medium to much number of leaves, medium to strong aroma, no flower, and much number of branches. Resultsof this consumer survey may be used as a preference-based feedback for improving the product attibutes of minorvegetables to increase their economic potentials.

Aplikasi Pupuk Organik dan Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Tomat dan Aktivitas Mikroba Tanah Suliasih Suliasih; S Widawati; Agus Muharam
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 20, No 3 (2010): September 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v20n3.2010.p%p

ABSTRAK. Pemanfaatan bahan organik untuk budidaya tomat dewasa ini difokuskan untuk menekan penggunaanbahan kimia yang berlebihan, sehingga kerusakan lingkungan dapat diminimalkan. Percobaan dilaksanakan di DesaCidawu, Cibodas, Cianjur (1.250 m dpl.), sejak Januari sampai Desember 2007. Pupuk organik yang digunakanyaitu kompos dan kotoran ayam + sekam, sedangkan pupuk hayati yaitu bakteri pelarut fosfat (phosphatesolubilizing bacteria = PSB). Tujuan percobaan adalah mendapatkan inokulan yang efektif untuk meningkatkanpertumbuhan dan hasil tomat, serta menstimulasi aktivitas mikroba dan enzim fosfatase di dalam tanah. Percobaanmenggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan lima perlakuan, yaitu tanpa pemupukan maupun inokulan (K),pemberian inokulan PSB (P1), pemberian kompos (P2), pemberian kotoran ayam+sekam (P3), dan pemberianpupuk kimia NPK (P4), masing-masing dengan tiga kali ulangan. Varietas tomat yang digunakan adalah Gondol.Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk organik atau inokulan PSB dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhantanaman tomat dan hasil buahnya, serta populasi PSB dan aktivitas enzim fosfatase di dalam tanah. Pemberianinokulan PSB menghasilkan peubah tinggi tanaman tomat tertinggi (108,3 cm) dibandingkan dengan kontrol (72,3cm), dan meningkatkan hasil buah sebanyak 88,2% dibandingkan dengan kontrol, dan juga lebih tinggi daripadapemberian pupuk kimia NPK. Peningkatan tertinggi populasi PSB dan aktivitas enzim fosfatase asam serta basadalam tanah setelah panen tomat juga diperoleh dari pemberian inokulan PSB dibandingkan dengan perlakuanlain. Implementasi inokulan PSB dan pupuk organik secara meluas dalam pembudidayaan tomat diharapkandapat mendorong peningkatan produksi, produktivitas, dan mutu buah tomat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pasar.ABSTRACT. Suliasih, S. Widawati, and A. Muharam. 2010. The Application of Organic Fertilizers andPhosphate Solubilizing Bacteria to Increase the Growth of Tomato and Soil Microbial Activities. The use oforganic matters on tomato cultivation is focused to decrease the utilization of chemical substances for minimizingenvironmental degradation. An experiment was conducted at Cidawu Village, Cibodas, Cianjur (1,250 m asl.) todetermine the suitable and effective inoculant to increase the growth of tomato plants, and also to stimulate soil microbialactivities. The tomato variety used was Gondol. The organic fertilizers were compost, chicken dung plus rice husk,and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), as a biofertilizer. A randomized block design with three replications wasutilized in this experiment. The treatments consisted of without organic fertilizers or PSB (control) (K), inoculationof PSB (P1), application of compost (P2), (4) application of chicken dung plus rice husk (P3), and application of thechemical fertilizer (NPK) (P4). The results showed that the application of organic fertilizers and PSB increased thegrowth of tomato plants and also PSB population, acid, and alkaline phosphatase activities in the soil after harvesting.The inoculation of PSB resulted in heighest plant height (108.3 cm) compared to control (72.3 cm) and also thehighest tomato yield compared to the control treatment (88.2%), and even it was higher than the yield caused by theapplication of the chemical fertilizer. The highest increase of PSB population and the activities of acid and alkalinephosphatase enzymes in soil after harvesting was also caused by the application of the PSB inoculant compared to theother treatments. The applications of organic fertilizers and PSB for wide scale cultivation of tomato expectantly playan important role for increasing production, productivity, and quality of tomato to fulfill market demand for the product.

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