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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri merupakan publikasi ilmiah primer yang memuat hasil penelitian primer komoditas perkebunan yang belum dimuat pada media apapun, diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan, DIPA 2011 terbit empat kali setahun.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 12, No 2 (2006): JUNI 2006" : 6 Documents clear
PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI DAN PENDAPATAN USAHATANI KAPAS MELALUI PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI PENGENDALIAN HAMA TERPADU (PHT) TIRTOSUPROBO, SUPRIADI; HARTONO, JOKO HARTONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 12, No 2 (2006): JUNI 2006
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v12n2.2006.52-57

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian dilakukan di Desa Pongkah, Kecamatan Tellusiatinge,Kabupaten Bone, Sulawesi Selatan, bulan April sampai dengan Nopember2001. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk (a) mengetahui besarnya biayaproduksi dan pendapatan usahatani kapas antara petani kapas binaan danpetani kapas non binaan, (b) mengetahui tingkat adopsi teknologi padausahatani kapas binaan, dan (c) mengetahui kendala yang dihadapi dalamproses adopsi teknologi PHT yang dianjurkan. Lokasi penelitian dipilihsecara sengaja (purposive) dengan pertimbangan bahwa Kabupaten Bonemerupakan salah satu sentra produksi kapas di Sulawesi Selatan. Duaperlakuan yang dibandingkan terdiri dari petani kapas peserta PHT sebagaipetani kapas binaan ditentukan secara sengaja sebanyak 87 petani padahamparan lahan kering seluas 51 ha. Sebagai pembanding diambil secaraacak sederhana (simple random sampling) sebanyak 60 petani kapas nonbinaan dengan luas lahan 33 ha. Komponen teknologi yang dianjurkanpada petani PHT adalah : (a) benih kapas tanpa kabu-kabu, (b) tanamkapas varietas toleran wereng (Kanesia 7), (c) tanam tepat waktu, (d)penanaman jagung sebagai perangkap hama, (e) penggunaan serasah, (f)konservasi gulma penarik parasitoid, dan (g) penyemprotan berdasar hasilpanduan. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi : (1) populasi arthropodaperusak dan berguna, (2) biaya saprodi dan tenaga kerja, (3) hasil kapasberbiji, (4) tingkat adopsi teknologi, (5) kendala penerapan teknologi PHT.Data di analisis menggunakan model analisis diskriptif dan usahatanienterprise. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi predator padaserasah di areal kapas binaan mencapai 178,57 ekor per 0,35m 3 onggokanserasah, dan populasi pada tanaman kapas 11,62 ekor per 25 tanamankapas. Produksi kapas berbiji yang diperoleh petani binaan dan petani nonbinaan masing-masing sebesar 1435 kg/ha dan 588 kg/ha, denganpendapatan atas biaya tunai masing-masing sebesar Rp. 2.330.648 dan Rp.279.273. Tingkat adopsi petani dalam penerapan teknologi PHT barumencapai 70%. Secara umum kendala yang dihadapi adalah (1) petanimasih belum menguasai teknologi bertanam kapas, termasuk teknologiPHT karena minimnya ketersediaan modal, (2) benih yang ditanam petanidaya tumbuhnya hanya 20-40%, dan (3) petani menghendaki harga kapastinggi.Kata kunci : Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum, adopsi teknologi, pendapatanABSTRACTIncreasing production and farmer’s income throughintegrated pest management applicationThis research was conducted in Pongkah, Tellusiatinge District,Bone, South Sulawesi from April to November 2001. The aims of thisresearch were to (a) determine the production cost and income from cottoncultivation between the trained cotton farmer and non-trained cottonfarmer, and (b) determine the level of technology adoption among thetrained cotton farmers and (c) investigate constraints in adopting thetechnology of integrated pest management (IPM) which had beensuggested for the implementation by the farmers. The location waspurposively selected based on the consideration that the Bone regency wasone of the main area of cotton cultivation in the South Sulawesi. Twogroups were compared in this study. These groups were 87 trained farmerswho cultivated 51 hectares of dry field and 60 non-trained farmers, whocultivated 33 hectares of dry field. The technology implemented by thetrained farmers were (a) the use of delinted seed , (b) the use of resistantcotton variety to Sundapteryx biguttula (Kanesia 7), (c) timely planting,(d) planting corn to trap the pest, (e) using mulch (corn stalk waste), (f)conservation of weeds to attracts parasitoid, and (g) insecticide sprayingbased on scouting system. The data gathered in this study included: (1)population of arthropods, both pest and non-pest, (2) the cost of productionand labor, (3) the yield of cotton, (4) the level of technology adoption, and(5) the constraints in adopting PHT technology. The data were analyzedusing descriptive analysis and farming enterprise. The results of theanalysis showed that the population of predators on the mulch in the fieldcultivated by trained farmers was 178.57insects 0.35 m 3 and in non-trainedfarmer field was 11.62 insects/25 plants. The yields of cotton betweentrained and non-trained farmers was 1435 kg/ha and 55 kg/ha, resulting incash income of Rp. 2,330,648.00 and Rp. 279,273.00. The level oftechnology adoption for trained farmers was 70 percent and the constraintswere: (1) lack of knowledge in applying PHT technology due toinsufficient capital, (2) germination rate of seeds planted by non-trainedfarmers was only 20-40 percent, (3) the low price of cotton.Key words: Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, technology adoption, income
KEKERABATAN PLASMA NUTFAH JAMBU METE BERDASAR SIFAT MORFOLOGI SRI WAHYUNI WAHYUNI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 12, No 2 (2006): JUNI 2006
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v12n2.2006.58-66

Abstract

ABSTRAKHasil seleksi dari pengumpulan tanaman jambu mete yang didasarioleh warna buah semu, terutama dari daerah Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur,Lampung dan Bengkulu yang ditanam di dua Instalasi (Tegineneng danMuktiharjo) menghasilkan 26 pohon induk. Secara vegetatif sebanyak 15nomor dari pohon induk tersebut ditanam di Muktiharjo tahun 1989.Tanaman ditanam dengan jarak tanam 8 x 8 meter. Tanaman tersebutkemudian digunakan sebagai bahan penelitian dan dilakukan pengamatanterhadap sifat morfologi sesuai dengan descriptor list yang diterbitkan olehIBPGR mengenai tanaman jambu mete. Pengamatan dilakukan pada tahun2002-2003 terhadap 50 karakter morfologi. Data dikelompokkan menjadidata umum, dan data morfologi daun, bunga, buah serta gelondong.Berdasarkan data tersebut telah dilakukan analisis kluster menggunakanprogram NTSYSpc-ver21. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragam-an plasma nutfah jambu mete tergolong rendah dengan rata-rata tingkatkemiripan antar koleksi sebesar 0,513. Oleh karena itu masih perlumeningkatkan keragaman melalui introduksi atau penambahan koleksiplasma nutfah, terutama dari daerah luar Jawa. Berdasar karakter umumtanaman dan karakter keseluruhan, A3 dan L3 mempunyai kekerabatanyang relatif jauh dengan nomor-nomor lainnya. A3 merupakan kultivarintroduksi asal Thailand dan mempunyai sifat produksi tinggi sehinggadapat digunakan sebagai tetua persilangan untuk memperbaiki sifatproduksi atau meningkatkan keragaman. Nomor P3 dan V8 berdasarberbagai pengelompokan tersebut berada pada kluster yang sama dengantingkat kemiripan hampir 100%, kecuali pada pengelompokan berdasarpercabangan dan daun. Kemiripan antar nomor berdasar seluruh karaktertertinggi adalah antara P3 dengan V8 dengan nilai 0,750 dan terendahadalah antara L3 dengan XII/2 dengan nilai 0,302 disusul kemudian antaraA3 dengan XII/8 dengan nilai 0,326. Untuk memprediksi kekerabatanantar nomor jambu mete dapat digunakan karakter umum tanaman, namunakan lebih baik bila digunakan karakter secara keseluruhan tanaman sesuaidengan descriptor list IBPGR.Kata kunci : Jambu mete, Anacardium occidentale L, plasma nutfah, sifatmorfologi, keragaman genetik, Jawa TengahABSTRACTRelationship of cashew collections based on morpho-logycal characteristicsThe research was carried out at Muktiharjo Experimental Station,Pati, Central Java. Cashew collections were mostly collected from JavaIsland. A total of 15 accessions (from cuttings) were planted using 8 x 8 msquare in 1989. Observation was made according to the IBPGR list using50 morphological characteristics, i.e general characteristics, stem andleaves, flower-fruit and nut characteristics; the data were clustered usingNTSYSpc-21. Research results showed that the diversity of cashewcollections was low, with the average similarity among them were 0.513.It was meant that the introduction or plant collection especially fromoutside Java area are required to increase the cashew genetic variability.Clustering based on group characteristics, i.e. general characters and othermorphological characters showed that Tegineneng A3 and Madura L3 hada quite far relationship. A3 is an introduced kultivar from Thailand and hashigh yielding characteristics, which can be choosen as a parent to increaseplant yield or genetic variability. Moreover, based on several groupcharacteristics for clustering, it revealed that P3 and V8 have the closestrelationship among the collections. According to the total characteristicsthe highest similarity was between P3 and V8 which had value of 0.750.The lowest similarity was between L3 and XII/2 revealed by value of0.302 then between A3 and XII/8 which had value of 0.326. Those generalcharacteristics, can be used to asses relationship among cashew collections,preferably using IBPGR list.Key words : Cashew, Anacardium occidentale, genetic resources,clustering,  morphological  characteristics,  geneticvariability, Central Java
PENGARUH MACAM SETEK DAN MEDIA TUMBUH TERHADAP VIGOR BIBIT KEMUKUS (Piper cubeba LINN) ENDJO DJAUHARIYA; MONO RAHARDJO; AGUS SUDIMAN; SUKARMAN SUKARMAN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 12, No 2 (2006): JUNI 2006
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v12n2.2006.67-72

Abstract

ABSTRAKTanaman kemukus (Piper cubeba LINN.) sudah dikenal sejakjaman dahulu sebagai tanaman obat, rempah, pengharum dan penyedapmasakan. Di Jawa Tengah perbanyakan tanaman kemukus pada umumnyadilakukan melalui setek panjang yang terdiri dari 8 - 14 ruas. Perbanyakandengan cara demikian dianggap tidak ekonomis, oleh karena itu perludicari cara perbanyakan yang efisien dan efektif. Percobaan pengaruhmacam setek dan komposisi media tumbuh terhadap daya tumbuh danvigor bibit dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan teknologiperbanyakan kemukus. Percobaan dilakukan di Kebun PercobaanCimanggu, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat Bogor dari bulanSeptember sampai dengan Desember 2003. Percobaan menggunakanrancangan acak kelompok yang disusun secara faktorial dengan 2 faktordan 3 ulangan. Sebagai faktor pertama adalah 3 macam setek pendek 3ruas yaitu : (1) setek bertapak, (2) setek sulur panjat dan (3) setek cabangbuah. Faktor kedua adalah tiga perlakuan komposisi media tumbuh terdiridari (tanah + pupuk kandang + pasir) dengan perbandingan: (a) 1:1:1, (b)2:1:1, dan (c) 3:1:1. Media dimasukkan ke dalam polibag ukuran 10 x 12cm. Variabel yang diamati meliputi persentase daya tumbuh, panjangtunas, jumlah daun, bobot kering tunas, jumlah akar, panjang akar danbobot kering akar. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa vigor bibit yangdiekspresikan oleh persentase daya tumbuh, pertumbuhan tunas dan akartidak nyata dipengaruhi oleh interaksi jenis setek dan komposisi mediatumbuh. Jenis setek berpangaruh nyata terhadap semua variabel yangdiamati, kecuali terhadap jumlah daun. Jenis setek yang berasal dari setekbertapak dan sulur panjat manghasilkan persentase daya tumbuh 68,40%dan 62,00%, panjang tunas 2,87 cm dan 4,70 cm, bobot kering tunas 0,13g dan 0,14 g, jumlah akar 5,95 dan 5,76 dan bobot kering akar 0,05 g dan0.05 g, lebih baik dibandingkan setek cabang buah. Jenis media tumbuhhanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot kering tunas tapi tidakberpengruh nyata terhadap variabel lainnya. Bobot kering tunas yangterbaik didapat pada komposisi media tumbuh tanah + pupuk kandang +pasir (1 : 1 : 1) (0,14 g) dan terendah pada komposisi media tumbuh tanah+ pupuk kandang + pasir (3 : 1 : 1) (0.11 g).Kata kunci : Kemukus, Piper cubeba LINN, bahan tanaman, macamsetek, media tumbuh, daya tumbuh, Jawa BaratABSTRACTEffect of cutting materials and growth media on thegrowth of cubeba cuttingsIn Indonesia, cubeba pepper plant (Piper cubeba LINN) has beenknown for years as a traditional medicine, spice, fragrant, and seasonings.In Central of Java, it is usually propagated by using eight or fourteen nodecuttings which is not an economical practice. The research on cuttingmaterials and growth media was conducted in Cimanggu ExperimentalGarden of the Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institutefrom September to December 2003. The objective of the research was tofind out an appropriate propagation technology of cubeba. The researchused two factors and three replications which was arranged in arandomized completely block design. The first factor was three kinds ofcutting nodes, i.e. (1) attached-rooted cuttings (2) vegetative branch and(3) generative branch. The second factor was three kinds of mediacompositions of soil, dung manure and sand (1) 1:1:1, (2) 2:1:1 and (3)3:1:1. Observations were conducted on the percentage of budding, lengthof bud, number of leaves, number of roots, length of root, dry weight ofthe roots, and the shoot. The results of the research indicated that the vigorof seedlings which was expressed by germination percentage, growth ofseedlings, and growth of root, did not significantly affected by theinteraction between kinds of cuttings and media composition. However,the kinds of cuttings significantly affected all variables, except the numberof leaves. Cubeba seedlings originated from attached-rooted cuttings andvegetative branch had higher germination percentage i.e. 68.40% and62.00%, length of shoot 2.87 cm and 4.70 cm, dry weight of shoot 0.13 gand 0.14 g, number of roots 5.95 and 5.76, length of root 7.32 cm and 7.27cm, and dry weight of root 0.05 g and 0.05 g, compared to the cubebaseedlings originated from generative branch. Media composition wassignificantly effected only on dry weight of shoots. The highest dry weightof shoot was resulted from composition of soil, dung manure and sand1:1;1 (0.14 g), while the lowest was found on ratio media composition ofsoil, dung manure and sand 3:1:1 (0.11g).Key words : Cubeba, Piper cubeba LINN, plant material, cuttingmaterials, growth media, growth, West Java
PENGARUH PEMUPUKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, PRODUKSI DAN MUTU SIMPLISIA PURWOCENG (Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb) MONO RAHARDJO; ROSITA SMD; IRENG DARWATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 12, No 2 (2006): JUNI 2006
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v12n2.2006.73-79

Abstract

ABSTRAKPurwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb.) adalah tanaman obatasli Indonesia yang statusnya langka, dan teknologi budidayanya belumbanyak diketahui. Penelitian pengaruh pemupukan terhadap produksi danmutu simplisia purwoceng telah dilakukan tahun 2004-2005 di DesaSikunang, Dieng, Jawa Tengah. Perlakuan pemupukannya adalah: (1)kontrol (tidak dipupuk); (2) 9,6 kg pupuk kandang (pk); (3) 96 g urea + 48g SP36 + 72 g KCl; (4) 9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl; (5)9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36; (6) 9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 72 g KCl;(7) 9,6 kg pk + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl. Percobaan menggunakan rancanganacak kelompok diulang 4 kali dengan ukuran petak 2,4 m 2 . Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk lengkap 9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48g SP36 + 72 g KCl/petak dan pemupukan 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 gKCl/petak dapat meningkatkan produksi dan mutu simplisia purwoceng.Dibandingkan dengan tanaman yang tidak dipupuk, produksi simplisiameningkat 40%, kadar stigmasterol di akar meningkat 11 – 14 kali. Akartanaman purwoceng yang tidak dipupuk tidak mengandung sitosterol,tetapi setelah dipupuk mengandung sitosterol sebanyak 16,17 – 17,11 ppm.Tajuk tanaman tidak mengandung bergapten apabila tidak dipupuk, tetapisetelah dipupuk mengandung bergapten 4,92 – 5,56 ppm. Produksi danmutu simplisia perlakuan 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl/petak tidakberbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan perlakuan 9,6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48g SP36 + 72 g KCl/petak. Ini diduga karena kandungan bahan organiktanah cukup tinggi, sehingga penambahan 96 kg/petak pupuk kandangtidak berpengaruh nyata. Untuk menghasilkan simplisia kering purwocengsecara optimal 8,41 g/tanaman (6,98 kwt/ha) dan bermutu tinggi,diperlukan serapan hara N, P dan K pada jaringan tanaman masing-masingberturut-turut sebanyak 283 mg N; 55 mg P; dan 356 mg K/tanaman atausetara dengan 23,50 kg N; 6,30 kg P; dan 38,90 kg K/ha.Kata kunci: Purwoceng, Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb, pemupukan,pertumbuhan, produksi, mutu, Jawa TengahABSTRACTEffect of fertilizer application on production and qualityof Pimpinella pruatjan MolkenbPurwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molkenb) is an Indonesianindigenous medicinal plant. Purwoceng is classified as an endangeredspecies, and its cultivation technology has not been devoleped. Theobjective of the research was to find out the effect of fertilizer applicationon the production and quality of purwoceng simplisia. The research wasconducted in Sikunang, Dieng, Wonosobo, Central Java from 2004 until2005. The treatments of fertilizer application on 2.4 m 2  were (1) control(without fertilizer); (2) 9.6 kg dung manure (dm); (3) 96 g urea + 48 gSP36 + 72 g KCl; (4) 9.6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl; (5)9.6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36; (6) 96 kg pk + 9.6 g urea + 72 g KCl;(7) 9.6 kg pk + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl. The experiment was designed inrandomized block designed with four replications. The result of theresearch showed that the treatments of 9.6 kg dm + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36+ 72 g KCl/2.4 m 2 and 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 g KCl/2.4 m 2 increasedthe simplisia production and quality compared with control. The simplisiaproduction increased up to 40% and the stigma sterol content in the rootsincreased up to 11 – 14 times. The content of sitosterol in the plants withfertilizer application was 6.7 – 17.11 ppm but in the plants withoutfertilizer application was zero. The content of bergapten in shoot part ofplant with fertilizer application was 4.92 – 5.56 ppm, but in the shoot partwithout fertilizer application was zeros. The production and quality ofsimplisia with the fertilizer application of 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 gKCl/2.4 m 2 were not significantly different from those with fertilizerapplication of 9.6 kg pk + 96 g urea + 48 g SP36 + 72 gKCl/2.4 m 2 . Ithappened probably because the organic soil content was high, so that theapplication of 40 ton/ha of dung manure did not give any effect.Furthermore, to increase the optimum production of purwoceng simplisia(6.98 kwt/ha) with high quality it needs 283 mg N, 55 mg P dan 356 mgK/plant or 23.50 kg N, 6.30 kg P, and 38.90 K/ha.Key words : Purwoceng,  Pimpinella  pruatjan  Molkenb,  fertilizerapplication, growth, production, quality, Central Java
EFISIENSI PENGENDALIAN PENGGEREK BUAH KAPAS Helicoverpa armigera HÜBNER DENGAN SERBUK BIJI MIMBA DAN NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS I G.A.A. INDRAYANI; DWI WINARNO; TEGER BASUKI BASUKI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 12, No 2 (2006): JUNI 2006
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v12n2.2006.45-51

Abstract

ABSTRAKPengendalian hama non-kimiawi semakin meningkat sehinggamengurangi penggunaan insektisida kimia. Alternatif pengendalian hamamenggunakan pestisida botani dan agensia mikrobia cukup efektifmengendalikan penggerek buah kapas H. armigera. Penelitian efisiensipengendalian penggerek buah kapas H. armigera dengan SBM dan NPVdilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau danSerat di Asembagus, Situbondo, Jawa Timur mulai Januari hinggaDesember 2003. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat efisiensipengendalian penggerek buah kapas H. armigera terutama dengankombinasi SBM dan NPV. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah: (1)SBM(LC 25 )+NPV(LC 50 ), (2) SBM(LC 50 )+NPV(LC 50 ), (3) SBM (dosisrekomendasi), (4) NPV (dosis rekomendasi), (5) betasiflutrin (dosisrekomendasi), dan (6) kontrol (tanpa perlakuan). Setiap perlakuan disusundalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga ulangan. Parameteryang diamati meliputi populasi ulat H. armigera dan komplekspredatornya, frekuensi penyemprotan masing-masing perlakuan, kerusakankuncup bunga dan buah kapas, biaya pengendalian hama, pendapatan,marginal rate of return (MRR), dan hasil kapas serta kacang hijau. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengendalian H. armigera dengankombinasi perlakuan SBM(LC 50 )+NPV(LC 50 ) lebih efisien menurunkanbiaya pengendalian hama hingga 63,4% dan meningkatkan pendapatansebesar 32,7% dibanding insektisida kimia betasiflutrin, dengan nilai MRR4,66 dan 4,28 masing-masing atas kontrol dan insektisida kimia.Kata kunci: Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum, hama, penggerek buah,Helicoverpa armigera, SBM, NPV, pengendalian hama,marginal rate of return, Jawa TimurABSTRACTEfficiency in cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera Hübner controlusing neem seed powder and nuclear polyhedrosis virusInsect pest biological control potentially decreases the use ofchemical insecticides. The alternative control method chosen wascombination of botanical and microbial agents that showed highereffectiveness against H. armigera. This control method might alsopotential to minimize the use of chemical pesticide on cotton. Study onefficiency of cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera Hübner control usingneem seed powder (NSP) and nuclear polyhedrosis virus was conducted atAsembagus Experimental Station of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber CropsResearch Institute, Situbondo, East Java, from January to December 2003.The objective of this study was to find out the efficiency level of cottonbollworm control using combination of neem seed powder (NSP) andnuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV). The treatments were : (1) NSP(LC 25 ) +NPV(LC 50 ), (2) NSP(LC 50 ) + NPV(LC 50 ), (3) NSP (recommended dose),(4) NPV (recommended dose), (5) betacyfluthrin (recommended dose),and (6) control (untreated). The treatments were arranged in a randomizedblock design with three replications. Parameters observed were populationof H. armigera larvae and its complex predators, frequency of spraying,square and boll damage, cost of control, net income, marginal rate ofreturn, and yield of seed cotton and mungbean. The research resultsshowed that the combination of NSP(LC 50 )+NPV(LC 50 ) effectivelyreduced the total cost of insect control by 63.4% and increased the increase32.7% compared to betacyfluthrin. The combination also showed thehighest marginal rate of return of 4.66 and 4.28 based on control andbetacyfluthrin, respectively.Key words: Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, insect, cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera, NSP, NPV, insect control, marginalrate of return, East Java
PENGUPASAN KULIT BUAH LADA DENGAN ENZIM PEKTINASE SRI USMIATI; NANAN NURDJANNAH
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 12, No 2 (2006): JUNI 2006
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v12n2.2006.80-86

Abstract

ABSTRAKTahap perendaman dalam pengolahan lada putih secara tradisionalyang biasa memakan waktu lebih dari 8 hari sangat mempengaruhi kualitaslada putih yang dihasilkan. Proses perendaman yang lama dapatmenyebabkan produk berbau busuk dan kemungkinan kontaminasi olehmikroba yang tidak dikehendaki menjadi lebih besar. Dengan demikianproses perendaman perlu dipercepat tetapi kulit buah lada tetap menjadilunak dan mudah dikupas. Salah satu kemungkinannya adalah denganproses enzimatis menggunakan pektinase. Telah ada cara pengolahan ladaputih secara masinal yang dapat meningkatkan mutu lada, namun cara iniperlu perlakuan pelunakan kulit buah lada sebelum pengupasan untukmeningkatkan kapasitasnya. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahuikemungkinan penggunaan pektinasi untuk melunakkan kulit buah lada danmutu lada putih yang dihasilkannya. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulanAgustus 2005 di Laboratorium Proses Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengem-bangan Pascapanen Pertanian. Penelitian dirancang menggunakan ran-cangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 2 x 2 dengan ulangan 4 kali.Faktor perlakuan terdiri atas: (i) pemberian pektinase (A) yaitu A1 (1%)dan A2 (2%); dan (ii) pemberian asam sitrat (B) yaitu B1 (0%) dan B2(2%). Parameter yang diukur meliputi nilai total mikroba/TPC (Total PlateCount) (CFU/ml), rendemen (%), warna yang dinyatakan dalam derajatkecerahan, kemerahan dan kebiruan, kadar minyak atsiri dan air (%). Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian enzim pektinase dapat memper-pendek waktu perendaman sebelum pengupasan menjadi 24 jam dan ladaputih yang diberi perlakuan pektinase 1% dan asam sitrat 2% mempunyaiwarna yang relatif sama dengan yang dihasilkan dengan cara perendamanbiasa/tradisional dengan nilai TPC yang jauh lebih rendah. Hal inimenunjukkan adanya kemungkinan perlakuan dengan pektinase ini dipakaisebagai perlakuan pendahuluan dalam pengupasan lada secara masinal. Disamping itu pemberian pektinase dapat dipertimbangkan untuk memper-cepat proses perendaman dalam proses pengolahan lada putih secaratradisional.Kata kunci: Piper nigrum L., lada putih, mikroba, pektinase, asam sitratABSTRACTPepper skin decorticating process using pectinase enzymeSoaking process as a part of traditional white pepper processingwhich is usually done for more than 8 days influence the quality of whitepepper produced. Long soaking process could produce bad odour andincrease  the  possibility  to  be  contaminated  with  undesirablemicroorganism. For that reason the soaking process duration should beshortened but still could make the pepper skin to be soft enough to bepeeled. Enzimatic process using pectinase enzyme is one of methodswhich can be used. The mechanical process to improve the quality ofwhite pepper is available, but to increase its capacity the softening pepperskin process is needed. The aim of this study was to find out the possibilityof using pectinase to softening the pepper skin in white pepper processingand the quality of white pepper produced. The study was designed asCompletely Randomized Design (CRD) factorially 2x2 with 4 replications.Treatments consisted of: (i) pectinase (A): A1 (1%) and A2 (2%), and (ii)citric acid: B1 (0%) and B2 (2%). Parameters observed were total platecount (CFU/ml), yield (%), colour which was stated as degree of lightness,redness and bluish, essential oil concentration (%) and moisture content(%). The result showed that the use of pectinase could decrease thesoaking period to 24 hours. The colour value of white pepper producedwith 1% pectinase and 2% citric acid treatments was relatively the samewith the one produced by traditional method, with much TPC value. Basedon the above result, pectinase could be consider to be applied in traditionalmethod to decrease the soaking process and it could also use to softenedthe pepper skin before mechanical decorticating process.Key words: Piper nigrum L., white pepper, microbes, pectinase enzyme,citric acid

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