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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri merupakan publikasi ilmiah primer yang memuat hasil penelitian primer komoditas perkebunan yang belum dimuat pada media apapun, diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan, DIPA 2011 terbit empat kali setahun.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 6 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 18, No 3 (2012): September 2012" : 6 Documents clear
PENGARUH AIR KELAPA TERHADAP MULTIPLIKASI TUNAS IN VITRO, PRODUKSI RIMPANG, DAN KANDUNGAN XANTHORRHIZOL TEMULAWAK DI LAPANGAN NATALINI NOVA KRISTINA; SITTI FATIMAH SYAHID
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 18, No 3 (2012): September 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v18n3.2012.125-134

Abstract

ABSTRAKLangkah antisipatif pemenuhan kebutuhan massal benih temulawakdilakukan dengan perbanyakan secara in vitro menggunakan mediumtumbuh yang murah mengandung air kelapa. Penelitian bertujuan untukmenganalisis kandungan kimia air kelapa dan peranannya dalam multi-plikasi tunas temulawak in vitro, serta pengaruhnya terhadap produksirimpang dan kandungan xanthorrizol. Penelitian dilakukan mulai Mei2009 sampai Agustus 2010 di Laboratorium dan Kebun Percobaan BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat; serta Balai Besar Penelitian danPengembangan Pascapanen Pertanian. Air kelapa yang digunakan berasaldari kelapa muda (7-8 bulan) dan kelapa tua berumur (10-12 bulan).Penelitian dilakukan secara bertahap, terdiri atas 4 kegiatan. Pertama,analisis zat pengatur tumbuh, vitamin dan mineral dalam air kelapamenggunakan metode HPLC. Kedua, pengaruh konsentrasi air kelapa (0,5, 10, 15, 20, dan 25%) terhadap multiplikasi tunas temulawak in vitro.Kegiatan dirancang secara acak kelompok, 3 ulangan. Pengamatanmeliputi parameter pertumbuhan. Ketiga, aklimatisasi dan kandunganklorofil tanaman hasil in vitro. Keempat, pertumbuhan dan produksirimpang benih temulawak in vitro dalam pot berisi media tanah + pasir dananalisis kandungan xanthorrizolnya. Rancangan penelitian acak kelompok,3 ulangan, dan parameter pengamatan karakter pertumbuhan, produksirimpang, dan kandungan xanthorrizol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa air kelapa mengandung kinetin, zeatin, auksin, vitamin, mineral dansumber karbon yang berguna untuk multiplikasi tunas in vitro. Kandungankimia air kelapa muda lebih tinggi dibanding air kelapa tua. Mediumtumbuh mengandung air kelapa 15% terbaik dalam merangsang pertum-buhan tunas in vitro (rata-rata 4,6 jumlah tunas per botol selama periodeawal pertumbuhan (8 minggu) sehingga dijadikan sebagai standar perba-nyakan. Bibit temulawak hasil perbanyakan in vitro tumbuh baik (72%)pada masa aklimatisasi, walaupun sebagian kecil ada yang menguning.Kandungan klorofil a, b, dan total klorofil temulawak asal kultur in vitrolebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang konvensional, dan bentukrimpangnya normal. Poduksi rimpang generasi awal (Vo) mencapai rata-rata 320,2g, lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan rimpang konvensional(800,5g). Kandungan xanthorrhizol temulawak hasil kultur in vitro lebihrendah dibandingkan rimpang konvensional. Hasil penelitian mengindi-kasikan potensi air kelapa sebagai zat pengatur tumbuh alami padatemulawak in vitro.Kata kunci: air kelapa, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, in vitro, xanthorrhizol,hasilABSTRACTAnticipated step for Java turmeric seed massal fulfillment wasconducted by in vitro using cheap growth medium enriched with coconutwater. The aim of the research was to analyse the chemical content ofcoconut water and its role on java turmeric micropropagation in vitro andtheir effect on yield and xanthorrhizol content. The experiement wasconducted from May 2009 to August 2009 at Indonesian Spices andMedicinal Research Institute and Indonsian Center for Agricultural PostHarvest Research and Development. The coconut water used comes fromyoung coconut (7-8 months) and old coconut (10-12 months). The researchconsisted of four steps. First, analysis of growth regulator, vitamin andsucrose from coconut water using HPLC method. Second, the effect ofseveral concentration od water coconut: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% on invitro multiplication. The experiment was arranged in completely blockdesign with three replicates. The parameters observed were growth ofculture during in vitro. Third, acclimatization and chlorophyll content ofplant derived from in vitro and fourth, growth, and yield of java turmericseed on pot containing soil + sand as growth medium and xanthorrhizolanalysis. The experiment was arranged in completely block design withthree replicates. The parameters observed were growth characters, yieldand xnthorrhizol content. Result showed that coconut water containkinetin, zeatin, auksin, vitamin, mineral and carbon source which used forin vitro shoots multiplication. The chemical of young coconut water washigher than old coconut. The growth medium enriched with 15 % coconutwater gave the best result on inducing shoots in vitro (average 4.6shoots/bottle during 8 weeks culture), so it’s used as multiplicationstandard. Java turmeric seed from in vitro culture grew well (72%) onacclimatization. Although, some of them were greenish.The content of a,b, and total chlorophyll of java ginger from in vitro culture was higher thanconventional rhizome and have a normal rhizome. The production on Vo(plantlet generation) around 320.2 g/plant, is lower than conventionalrhyzome (800.5 g). Xanthorhizol and essential oil content of Java turmericfrom in vitro seed were lower than conventional rhyzome. Result researchindicated potency of the coconut water as a nature growth regulator invitro.Key words: coconut water, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, in vitro, growth,xanthorrhizol, yield
PENGARUH KERAPATAN BULU DAUN DAN KELENJAR GOSIPOL TERHADAP INFESTASI HAMA PENGISAP DAUN Amrasca biguttula ISHIDA DAN PENGGEREK BUAH Helicoverpa armigera HUBNER PADA KAPAS IGAA. INDRAYANI; SIWI SUMARTINI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 18, No 3 (2012): September 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v18n3.2012.95-101

Abstract

ABSTRAKSebagai hama utama tanaman kapas (Gossypium hirsutum L.),pengisap daun Amrasca biguttula Ishida dan penggerek buah, Helicoverpaarmigera Hubner merupakan faktor pembatas produktivitas. Kedua hamaini dapat dikendalikan secara efektif dan efisien jika menggunakan varietastahan yang sumber ketahanannya berasal dari karakteristik morfologi(antixenosis), terutama kerapatan bulu daun, dan antibiosis (kelenjargosipol). Bulu daun berperan sebagai penghalang serangan hama pengisap,A. biguttula, sedangkan gosipol bersifat racun terhadap hama H. armigera.Penelitian ini dilakukan di  Kebun Percobaan  Asembagus danLaboratorium Patologi Serangga, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis danSerat, Malang mulai Maret sampai Juli 2011. Tujuan penelitian adalahuntuk mengetahui pengaruh kerapatan bulu daun dan kelenjar gosipol 15aksesi kapas terhadap infestasi hama A. biguttula dan H. armigera.Sebanyak 15 aksesi kapas, yaitu (1) HSCY 52, (2) DPL 55, (3) Deltapine(DP) 340, (4) PTY 800, (5) Chinese x 229, (6) GLK 320 x 359 x 339 x448/8, (7) GLK 135 x 182 x 351 x 268/9, (8) GLK 351 x 268/4, (9) GLK135 x 182/8, (10) GLK 135 x 182/10, (11) Kanesia 15, (12) CEA N 886(hirsute), (13) Stoneville 825 (blackseed), (14) DPL 55 B, dan (15) HSC 5digunakan sebagai perlakuan ditanam dalam petak berukuran 10 x 3 mdengan jarak tanam 100 x 25 cm dengan satu tanaman per lubang. Setiapperlakuan (aksesi) disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) denganempat kali ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah kerapatan bulu daundan populasi nimfa A. biguttula pada 3 daun tanaman sampel berbeda,kerapatan kelenjar gosipol diamati pada batang, daun dan buah kapas, danpopulasi larva H. armigera diamati dari 5 kanopi tanaman sampel dilapangan. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aksesi kapas yang memilikikerapatan bulu daun tinggi (200-268 helai/cm 2 ) dengan populasi nimfa A.biguttula rendah (kurang dari 2 ekor/tanaman) adalah GLK 320 x 359 x339 x 448/8, GLK 135 x 182 x 351 x 268/9, GLK 351 x 268/4, GLK 135 x182/8, GLK 135 x 182/10, Kanesia 15, CEA N 886 (hirsute), dan DPL 55B. Korelasi negatif yang kuat antara kerapatan bulu daun dan populasinimfa A. biguttula (r = -0,711; y = -0,012x + 3,836) menyebabkanpenurunan jumlah nimfa/tanaman pada aksesi dengan kerapatan bulu daunyang tinggi. Keberadaan kelenjar gosipol, khususnya pada buah, efektifmengurangi infestasi larva H. armigera, karena berkorelasi negatif (r =-0,579; y = -3,796x + 51,886). Populasi larva H. armigera pada aksesiHSCY 52, DP 340, PTY 800, Kanesia 15, dan CEA N 886 lebih rendahdan kerapatan kelenjar gosipol pada buah rata-rata lebih tinggi (43-57kelenjar/cm 2 ) dibanding aksesi lainnya (34-44 kelenjar/cm 2 ). Terdapat duaaksesi kapas yang menunjukkan tahan terhadap A. biguttula maupun H.armigera, yaitu: Kanesia 15 dan CEA N 886 (hirsute) sehingga keduanyaberpotensi sebagai materi genetik pembawa sifat tahan terhadap A.biguttula dan H. armigera.Kata kunci: aksesi, Amrasca biguttula, kelenjar gosipol, Gossypiumhirsutum, Helicoverpa armigeraABSTRACTAs major insect pests, A. biguttula and H. armigera have beenlimiting factors of cotton productivity. These insect pests could beeffectively controlled by using resistant varieties based on plantmorphological characters (antixenosis), especially leaf hair density, andantibiosis resistance mechanism. Leaf hair density prevented the nymph ofA. biguttula to suck the leaf sap freely while gossypol gland toxics to H.armigera larvae. This study was conducted at Asembagus ExperimentalGarden and Insect Pathology Laboratory of Indonesian Sweeteners andFiber Crops Research Institute in Malang from March to July 2011. Theobjective of study was to find out the effect of leaf hairs and gossypolglands density of fifteen cotton accessions to infestation of sucking pest, A.biguttula and bollworm H. armigera. Fifteen cotton accessions: (1) HSCY52, (2) DPL 55, (3) Deltapine (DP) 340, (4) PTY 800, (5) Chinese x 229,(6) GLK 320 x 359 x 339 x 448/8, (7) GLK 135 x 182 x 351 x 268/9, (8)GLK 351 x 268/4, (9) GLK 135 x 182/8, (10) GLK 135 x 182/10, (11)Kanesia 15, (12) CEA N 886 (hirsute), (13) Stoneville 825 (blackseed),(14) DPL 55 B, and (15) HSC 5 were used as treatments and planted in 10x 3 m of plot size with 100 x 25 cm of row spacing with one plant perhole. Each treatment (accession) was arranged in Randomized CompleteDesign (RCD) with four replications. Parameter observed were leaf hairdensity and population of A. biguttula nymph on three sample leaves fromdifferent plant, gossypol gland density was observed on stem, leaves andboll of sample plant, and population of H. armigera larvae was recordedfrom plant canopy. Data observed were analized with analysis of variance.Results showed that cotton accessions with lower leaf hair density (200-268 pieces/cm 2 ) and less than 2 nymphs/plant were GLK 320 x 359 x 339x 448/8, GLK 135 x 182 x 351 x 268/9, GLK 351 x 268/4, GLK 135 x182/8, GLK 135 x 182/10, Kanesia 15 and CEA N 886 (hirsute) and DPL55 B. Negative correlation (r = -0,711 and y = -0.012x + 3.836) betweenleaf hair density and population of A. biguttula nymph reduced the nymphpopulation when leaf hair density increased. Gossypol gland density,mainly on bollwall, effectively reduced the larval population due tonegative correlation between the two parameters (r = -0.579 and y = -3.796x + 51.886). Lower population of H. armigera larvae was counted onHSCY 52, DP 340, PTY 800, Kanesia 15, and CEA N 886 (hirsute) due tohigher gossypol density (43-57 glands/cm 2 ) compared to other accessionswith lower gossypol density (34-44 glands/cm 2 ). Kanesia 15 and CEA N886 (hirsute) were seemed to be the potential genetic materials fordeveloping resistant varieties against A. biguttula and H. armigera.Key words: accession, Amrasca biguttula, gossypol gland, Gossypiumhirsutum, Helicoverpa armigera
ELIMINASI Potyvirus PENYEBAB PENYAKIT MOSAIK PADA TANAMAN NILAM DENGAN KULTUR MERISTEM APIKAL DAN PERLAKUAN AIR PANAS PADA SETEK BATANG RITA NOVERIZA; GEDE SUASTIKA; SRI HENDRASTUTI HIDAYAT; UTOMO KARTOSUWONDO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 18, No 3 (2012): September 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v18n3.2012.107-114

Abstract

ABSTRAKMinyak nilam merupakan salah satu bahan baku parfum multifungsiyang bernilai tinggi. Budidaya dan pengembangan tanaman nilamterkendala oleh serangan Potyvirus yang menyebabkan penyakit mosaik.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan benih nilam bebas virusdengan metode kultur meristem apikal dan perlakuan air panas pada setekbatang. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai Januari sampai Desember 2010 diLaboratorium Virologi Tumbuhan, Institut Pertanian Bogor dan RumahKasa Hama dan Penyakit, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik(Balittro) di Bogor. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah tiga varietasnilam (Sidikalang, Lhokseumawe, Tapak Tuan). Penelitian terdiri atas (1)Eliminasi Potyvirus pada tanaman nilam menggunakan kultur meristemapikal dan (2) Eliminasi Potyvirus pada setek batang nilam denganperlakuan air panas. Percobaan pertama disusun menggunakan rancanganacak lengkap dengan perlakuan 3 varietas nilam dan 2 tipe eksplan(meristem apikal dan batang terminal), dan diulang 10 kali. Parameteryang diamati adalah persentase pertumbuhan, waktu inisiasi, tinggi, danwarna tunas, serta persentase tanaman yang terinfeksi Potyvirus.Percobaan kedua menggunakan air panas pada tiga tingkatan suhu (50, 55,dan 60 o C) dan tingkatan waktu perendaman (10, 20, dan 30 menit).Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 10perlakuan dan 10 ulangan. Tanaman nilam dipelihara selama 8 minggu dandilakukan pengamatan tinggi setek yang tumbuh dan daun yang bergejalamosaik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman nilam, yangdiperbanyak dari kultur meristem apikal ukuran 0,5-1 mm, menghasilkan33,3-99,9% tanaman bebas virus. Perendaman setek batang nilam di dalamair panas pada suhu 50-60 o C selama 10-30 menit tidak dapatmengeliminasi Potyvirus yang menginfeksi ketiga varietas nilam yangdiuji. Setek batang nilam varietas Tapak Tuan dan Lhokseumawe lebihtoleran terhadap air panas dibandingkan Sidikalang tetapi daya tumbuhyasemakin menurun seiring semakin lama waktu perendaman. Teknik kulturmeristem apikal berpotensi untuk menghasilkan setek nilam yang bebasvirus.Kata kunci : kultur meristem apikal, perlakuan air panas, Pogostemoncablin, PotyvirusABSTRACTPatchouli oil produced by patchouli plant is one of multifunctioningperfume’s raw materials and has high economic value. One importantconstraint during its cultivation is infection by Potyvirus causing seriousmosaic disease. This study was conducted to develop a technique toproduce virus-free cutting seeds using apical meristem culture and hotwater treatment on stem cutting. The study was carried out from January toDecember 2010 in Plant Virology Laboratory of Bogor AgriculturalUniversity and Pest and Diseases screen house of Indonesian Medicinaland Aromatic Crops Research Institute (Balittro) in Bogor. Three varietiesof patchouli plant, i.e. Sidikalang, Lhokseumawe, and Tapak Tuan, wereused in this study. The study consisted of (1) Elimination Potyvirus incuttings of patchouli through apical meristem culture and (2) EliminationPotyvirus in stem cuttings of patchouli with hot water treatment. The firstexperiment was arranged using completely randomized design withtreatments of three patchouli varieties and two explant types (apicalmeristem and stem terminal), and it was replicated 10 times. Parametersobserved were bud growth percentage, initiation time, height, and color,and also percentage of plant infected by Potyvirus. The second experimentapplied hot water at three temperature levels (50, 55, and 60 o C) andsubmersion periods (10, 20, and 30 minutes). It was arranged usingrandomized complete design, consisting of 10 treatments with 10 plantsfor each treatment. The patchouli plants were maintained for 8 weeks andobservations were made for height of growing cuttings and leaves withmosaic symptoms. The results showed that the patchouli plants propagatedfrom apical meristem culture of 0.5-1 mm in sizes yielded 33.3-99.9%virus-free plants. Submersion of patchouli stem cutting seeds in hot waterof 50-60 o C and soaking period of 10-30 minutes could not eliminated theinfecting Potyvirus on patchouli the three tested varieties. Cutting seeds ofLhokseumawe and Tapak Tuan varieties were more tolerant to hot waterthan Sidikalang one. However, their ability to grow decreased in line withlonger submersion time period. Apical meristem culture technique ispotential to produce virus-free cutting seeds of patchouli.Key words: apical meristem culture, hot water treatment, Pogostemoncablin, Potyvirus
PERUBAHAN MUTU LADA HIJAU KERING SELAMA PENYIMPANAN PADA TIGA MACAM KEMASAN DAN TINGKATAN SUHU BAGEM SOFIANNA SEMBIRING; TATANG HIDAYAT
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 18, No 3 (2012): September 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v18n3.2012.115-124

Abstract

ABSTRAKLada hijau kering adalah salah satu bentuk diversifikasi produklada. Mutu produk dipengaruhi oleh kualitas bahan baku dan prosespengolahannya. Salah satu kriteria mutu lada hijau kering yang baik adalahwarna hijau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan mutulada hijau kering selama penyimpanan pada berbagai suhu dalam tiga jeniskemasan. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Balai Besar Litbang Pascapanen pada tahun 2009. Bahan baku adalah lada hijau kering hasil olahankelompok tani di Desa Sukadana Baru, Lampung Timur. Lada hijau keringdisortir dan ditimbang kemudian dikemas dalam tiga jenis kemasan yaitupolietilen (LDPE), polipropilen (PP), dan aluminium foil. Selanjutnya ladadisimpan pada tiga tingkatan suhu yaitu suhu 20°C dan 30ºC (suhuruangan), dan 40ºC (inkubator). Penyimpanan dilakukan selama 4 bulandan pengamatan dilakukan tiap 2 minggu. Parameter yang diamati yaitukarakteristik bahan dan kemasan, warna (nilai a*), kadar air, kadar minyakatsiri, pH, dan uji organoleptik yang meliputi warna, rasa, aroma, danpenerimaan umum dengan metode skoring. Analisis dilakukan sebanyak 3kali. Pengolahan data nilai organoleptik melalui modus dan median sertaanalisis statistik nonparametrik dari skor yang diberikan oleh panelis. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan jenis kemasan, suhu ruang, dan lamapenyimpanan berpengaruh terhadap mutu lada hijau kering. Karakteristiklada hijau kering sebelum disimpan adalah berwarna hijau dengan nilaia*-1,203, kadar air 7,5%, kadar minyak 3,29%, dan nilai pH 4,7.Perubahan karakteristik lada pada ketiga jenis kemasan terjadi setelahpenyimpanan pada hari ke-84. Jenis kemasan aluminium foil pada ruanganbersuhu 20 0 C dapat mempertahankan warna hijau hingga hari ke-112dengan nilai a*-1,191, kadar air 8,5%, kadar minyak 3%, dan pH 5,7,sedangkan jenis kemasan lainnya hanya dapat mempertahankan mutu ladasampai hari ke-77. Suhu ruang penyimpanan lada hijau kering yang baik20ºC. Jenis kemasan, suhu ruang serta lama penyimpanan lada hijau keringtidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap penerimaan panelis, kecuali yangdikemas dengan LDPE 40ºC hanya pada hari ke-84 penyimpanan ladahijau kering sudah tidak disukai oleh panelis karena aromanya sudahberbau apek.Kata kunci : lada hijau kering, mutu, penyimpanan, suhu, jenis kemasanABSTRACTDehydrated green pepper is one type of pepper productdiversification. Product quality is influenced by the quality of rawmaterials and processing. One of quality criteria is color, where good colorof dried pepper is green. This study aimed at determining changes in thequality of dehydrated green pepper during storage at various temperaturelevels and packaging materials. The study was conducted at the Laboratoryof Center for Agricultural Postharvest Research and Development in 2009.The raw material was dehydrated pepper produced by farmers’ group atSukadana Baru Village, East Lampung. Dehydrated green pepper wassorted and weighed and then packed in three types of packaging material:polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), and aluminum foil.Subsequently they  were  stored  in three types  of roomcondition/temperature: air-conditioned room (temperature 20°C), roomtemperature (30°C), and incubator (40°C). They were stored for 4 monthswith observation interval of 2 weeks. Observational parameters were thecharacteristics of raw and packaging materials color (a* value), moisturecontent, volatile oil content, pH, and organoleptic tests which includedcolor, flavour, aroma, and 3 general acceptances by scoring methodanalyses. Organoleptic values were processed through modus and medianand non parametric statistical analysis of scores given by panelists. Resultsshowed that the type of packaging material, temperature levels, andstorage duration affected the quality of dehydrated green pepper.Characteristics of dehydrated green pepper before storage were greencolor with a* value -1203, 7.5% water content, 3.29% volatile oil contentand 4.7 pH value. Pepper characteristic changes occured in all threepackaging types after 84 days. Aluminium foil retained the green color upto 112 days of storage at room temperature of 20ºC with a* value -1.191,8.5% water content, 3% oil content, and 5.7 pH value, whereas otherpackaging types were and able to retain pepper quality until the 77 th day.Type of packaging and room temperature storage period of dehydratedgreen pepper did not significantly affect panelists reception, except thosepackaged with LDPE 40ºC after 84 days storage of dehydrated greenpepper is not liked by the panelists because of its musty aroma.Key words : dehydrated green pepper, storage, temperature, packagingtypes, quality
KARAKTER PERTUMBUHAN, KETAHANAN TERHADAP PENYAKIT, DAN KADAR NIKOTIN BEBERAPA GALUR TEMBAKAU TEMANGGUNG ROCHMAN, FATKHUR
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 18, No 3 (2012): September 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v18n3.2012.102-106

Abstract

ABSTRAKPergeseran selera konsumen ke arah rokok ringan semakin nyata,sehingga dirasa perlu memiliki galur-galur tembakau temanggung dengankadar nikotin rendah dan mutu sesuai dengan selera konsumen. Tembakautemanggung memiliki kadar nikotin yang sangat tinggi (7,8%). Selainkadar nikotin, kendala utama budi daya tembakau temanggung adalahadanya penyakit tular tanah yang disebabkan oleh kompleks nematodaMeloidogyne spp,  bakteri Ralstonia  solanacearum, dan  jamurPhytophthora nicotianae yang dikenal dengan nama ‘penyakit lincat”.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh galur tembakau temanggungdengan kadar nikotin lebih rendah dari varietas yang sudah ada (Kemloko1 dan Kemloko 2), mutu sesuai untuk konsumen, dan toleran terhadappenyakit utama. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Februari sampaiOktober 2009, di Desa Gandurejo, Kecamatan Bulu, KabupatenTemanggung pada lahan tegal endemik tiga patogen dengan ketinggiantempat + 800 m dpl. Bahan penelitian terdiri atas tujuh genotipe F6 hasilpersilangan antara tembakau temanggung dan tembakau oriental. Masing-masing genotipe ditanam sebanyak 520 tanaman. Seleksi pertamadilakukan berdasarkan kriteria: tidak terserang penyakit, memiliki lebihdari 18 daun, ukuran daun sedang sampai besar, morfologi mirip dauntembakau  temanggung, dan  disenangi  petani. Hasil  penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa dari 2.436 tanaman yang tidak diserang penyakit(berasal dari tujuh genotipe) secara visual terpilih 302 tanaman.Berdasarkan ukuran daun, dari 302 tanaman terpilih tersebut diperoleh 40genotipe. Keempat puluh genotipe tersebut dievaluasi pada tahapberikutnya. Kadar nikotin semua galur berkisar 1,34-5,22% dan galur yangmemiliki rata-rata kadar nikotin terendah adalah genotipe hasil persilanganantara Kemloko 1 dan Xanthi Yacca.Kata kunci: persilangan, Nicotiana tabacum, kadar nikotin, tembakauoriental, tembakau temanggungABSTRACTA shift in consumer tastes toward lighter cigarette has led to findingof low nicotine content of temanggung tobacco with the quality suitable toconsumer preferences. The nicotine content of temanggung tobacco is veryhigh, which can reach 7.8%. One of the main problem of temanggungtobacco cultivation is soil born diseases caused by complexity ofnematodes Meloidogyne spp, Ralstonia solanacearum, and the fungiPhytophthora nicotianae which is known as “lincat”. The research aimedat obtaining hybrid lines of temanggung tobacco with nicotine levels lowerthan the existing varieties (Kemloko 1 and Kemloko 2), quality suitable toconsumers preferences, and tolerant to the main diseases. The experimentwas conducted from February to Oktober 2009 in Gandurejo Village BuluSubdistrict, Temanggung District, on the dry land endemic pathogens withaltitude about 800 m asl. Research material consisted of 7 genotypes F6from hybridization between temanggung and orient tobacco, and 5 parentalvarieties. As many as 520 crops of each genotype were planted. Firstselection was done based on the criteria: free from disease, having > 18leaves, medium to big leaf size, and farmers’ favorite. The results showedthat from 2,436 healthy plants (derived from 7 genotypes) were visuallyselected for 302 plants. From the second selection based on leaf size fromthe 302 plants obtained 40 genotypes. The forty genotypes wereevaluated/screened at later stage. Nicotine content ranged from 1.07 to5.22% and the lowest nicotine content was derived from crosses betweenKemloko 1 and Xanthi Yacca.Key words: hybrid progenies, Nicotiana tabacum, nicotine content,orient tobacco, temanggung tobacco
KETAHANAN DELAPAN KULTIVAR TEMBAKAU LOKAL BONDOWOSO TERHADAP TIGA PATOGEN PENTING (Ralstonia solanacearum, Pectobacterium carotovorum, DAN Phytophthora nicotianae) TITIEK YULIANTI; NURUL HIDAYAH; SRI YULAIKAH
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 18, No 3 (2012): September 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v18n3.2012.89-94

Abstract

ABSTRAKTembakau bondowoso merupakan tembakau lokal rajangan yangberkembang di Kabupaten Bondowoso, Jawa Timur. Saat ini ada delapankultivar dengan karakter produksi, mutu, dan ketahanannya terhadappenyakit yang berbeda. Layu bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum), busukbatang berlubang (Pectobacterium carotovorum), dan lanas (Phytophthoranicotianae) merupakan penyakit yang sering menyebabkan turunnyaproduksi tembakau bondowoso. Evaluasi ketahanan delapan kultivartembakau bondowoso (Samporis, Serumpung, Marakot, Samporis Lokal,Samporis AH, Samporis CH, Samporis B. Disbun, dan Deli) terhadapketiga patogen tersebut dilaksanakan di laboratorium dan rumah kasa BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat (Balittas) mulai bulan April sampaidengan Oktober 2011. Penelitian terhadap ketiga patogen tersebutdilakukan secara terpisah. Masing-masing kultivar ditanam sebanyak 10tanaman, 1 tanaman/polibag. Setiap perlakuan (kultivar) diulang 3 kali dandisusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK). Inokulasi R.solanacearum dan P. carotovorum dilakukan secara terpisah 24 jamsebelum transplanting. Inokulasi P. nicotianae dilakukan dengan dua cara,yaitu melalui akar dan pangkal batang. Inokulasi akar sama dengan carainokulasi bakteri. Inokulasi pangkal batang dilakukan pada tanamanberumur 2 minggu setelah transplanting. Pengamatan intensitas penyakitdilakukan setiap minggu selama 11 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa kultivar Samporis CH, Samporis, dan Deli tahan terhadap P.carotovorum, R. solanacearum, dan P. nicotianae. Kultivar Samporis CH.,Samporis, dan Deli ketahanannya lebih tinggi terhadap ketiga patogen,dengan intensitas penyakit berkisar antara 3,3%-6,7%. Kultivar Marakotsangat rentan terhadap ketiga patogen tersebut dengan tingkat keparahan ≥50%. Demikian pula kultivar Samporis AH yang rentan terhadap R.solanacearum, P. nicotianae dan P. carotovorum dengan intensitaspenyakit 23,3-53,3%. Oleh karena itu, kultivar Samporis CH, Samporis,dan Deli cocok dikembangkan pada lahan endemik penyakit tular tanah diKabupaten Bondowoso.Kata kunci: tembakau  bondowoso, Pectobacterium  carotovorumPhytophthora  nicotianae, Ralstonia  solanacearum,ketahananABSTRACTBondowoso tobacco is a local type of sliced tobacco which isrestrictedly cultivated in Bondowoso Regency, East Java. There are eightcultivars known, ie. Samporis, Serumpung, Marakot, Samporis Lokal,Samporis AH, Samporis CH, Samporis B. Disbun, and Deli with their owndistinctive characters on their production, quality, and resistance todiseases. Bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum), hollow stalk rot(Pectobacterium carotovorum), and blackshank (Phytophthora nicotianaeare the main cause of bondowoso tobacco production loss. Evaluation onthe resistance level of the cultivars to the three pathogens above has beenconducted at a laboratory and screen house scale in Indonesian Sweetenerand Fibre Crops Research Institute from April to October 2011. Theevaluation of each pathogen was conducted separately. Each evaluation ofthe pathogen per cultivar used 10 plants planted individually in a polybag.The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with 3replicates. R. solanacearum and P. carotovorum were separatelyinoculated on the test plants 24 h before transplanting. The inoculation ofP. nicotianae was done twice via the root and stem. Disease intensity wasobserved weekly for 11 weeks. The results showed that Samporis CH,Samporis, and Deli cultivars were resistant to P. carotovorum, R.solanacearum and P. nicotianae, whereas Samporis and Deli cultivarswere more resistant to the pathogens (disease intensity ranged 3.3-6.7%).Marakot cultivar was very susceptible to all of the three pathogens (diseaseintensity ≥ 50%). Similarly, Samporis AH cultivar was also susceptible tothe pathogens with disease intensity ranged 23.3-53.3%. The studyindicated that Samporis CH, Samporis, and Deli cultivars are suitable to becultivated in the endemic soil born pathogen areas of BondowosoRegency.Key words: bondowoso  tobacco, Pectobacterium  carotovorum,Phytophthora  nicotianae, Ralstonia  solanacearum,resistance

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