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Eksergi: Chemical Engineering Journal
Published by Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta
ISSN : 1410394X     EISSN : 24608203     DOI : https://doi.org/10.31315
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Eksergi is an open-access, peer-reviewed scientific journal that focuses on research and innovation in the fields of energy and renewable energy. The journal aims to provide a platform for scientists, researchers, engineers, and practitioners to share knowledge and advancements that contribute to sustainable development and energy transition. In addition to energy topics, the journal also accepts high-quality manuscripts related to, but not limited to, the following areas: Separation processes Bioprocesses related to food, energy, and environmental applications Wastewater treatment and resource recovery Process optimization and intensification Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) Chemical reaction engineering and reactor design Life cycle assessment (LCA) and sustainability evaluation Process Design and Control Engineering Process Simulations Process System Engineering The journal welcomes original research articles, reviews, and short communications that demonstrate novelty, scientific rigor, and relevance to chemical engineering and interdisciplinary applications.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Energi Terbarukan, Keberlanjutan dan Lingkungan
Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 10, No 2 (2010): Versi Cetak" : 10 Documents clear
Fenomena dan Kecepatan Minimum Fluidisasi Widayati Widayati
Eksergi Vol 10, No 2 (2010): Versi Cetak
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v10i2.339

Abstract

Phenomenon and the minimum fluidization velocity (Umf) solid-gas depend of particle type, gas flow rate, column diameter and height of solids bed. This research was conducted on sand of quartz, iron and volcano Merapi (group B the particle) in the column with 6 cm diameter and height of the bed that varies are 6 cm, 8 cm and 10 cm. Observations began after the air with the lowest velocity flow from the bottom upwards through the bed. From the observations obtained a phenomenon that occurs is the fixed bed, bubbling fluidization and slugging fluidization. Umf in the height of bed 6 cm were 10.3 cm/sec, 7.3 cm/sec and 4.8 cm/sec. While at the height of bed 8 cm were 11.9 cm sec, 7.3 cm/sec and 5.1 cm/sec. and at the height of the bed 10 cm value (Umf)  obtained were 8.8 cm/sec, 8.8 cm/sec and 5.8 cm/sec. Based on theoretical, the Umf  for quartz sand was 12.0 cm/sec, iron sand 16.2 cm/sec and sand volcano Merapi 12.3 cm/sec. Thus, the value Umf, an experiment that comes closest to the value Umf theory only occurs for the use of quartz sand column diameter of 6cm and 8cm height of the bed.
Peluang dan Tantangan Komersialisasi Biodisel-Review Mahreni Mahreni
Eksergi Vol 10, No 2 (2010): Versi Cetak
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v10i2.335

Abstract

Hydrogen is one of the environmentally friendly fuel, however hydrogen is not always available due to continuously increasing energy demand and fossil fuel availability become more limited. Gap between demand and supply is essential to find alternative fuels. Biodiesel could be a substituent for fossil fuels, especially for hydrogen. Biodiesel could be made by mixing vegetable oils or fats with fossil fuel with a ratio of (5-20) wt.% however in a long time effect of this mixture can damage the engine. To overcome the problem, biodiesel can be synthesized via transesterification of oil and alcohol with the aid of acid or base catalyst to produce glycerol and FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester). Challenges faced for the commercialization of biodiesel among others, (1) expensive raw material (edible oil), (2) reaction time and separation of the relatively long time (minimum 15 hours), (3) the use of acid catalysts still leaves the problem of corrosion and corrosion of machine tools and pollution to the environment by the catalyst. To make biodiesel competitive in the market, used oil (waste cooking oils, WCO), agricultural waste, and recent studies using microalgae could be used as source of biodiesel production. To shorten the reaction time, reaction was carried out using ultrasonic reactor technology and to minimize environmental pollution to use the solid catalyst. This paper will summarize on the adoption of latest technologies in producing biodiesel from used frying oil and microalgae.
Pemungutan Pektin dari Kulit dan Amapas Apel Secara Ekstraksi Purwo Subagyo
Eksergi Vol 10, No 2 (2010): Versi Cetak
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v10i2.340

Abstract

Apel dikonsumsi sebagai buah segar maupun produk olahan. Sebagai produk olahan (buah kaleng, jus, sari buah), apel menyisakan limbah berupa kulit dan ampas, yang kebanyakan digunakan subsitusi pupuk dan pakan ternak atau dibuang. Kandungan pektin dalam buangan tersebut belum termanfaatkan. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan limbah tersebut untuk dipungut kandungan pektinnya. Apel dikupas, sedang daging buah diperas, dipisahkan sari buahnya dan diambil ampasnya. Kulit dan ampas dikeringkan, kemudian diekstraksi dalam labu leher tiga dengan solven air pada suasana asam (dipakai, HCl). Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan variasi suhu (60, 70, 80, 90 dan 100 0C), pH (2; 2,5; 3; 3,5 dan 4), waktu (30, 60, 90, 120 dan 150) menit. Ekstrak disaring dalam keadaan panas, kemudian ditambahkan Aceton hingga terbentuk endapan. Endapan dicuci dengan Alkohol hingga netral dan dikeringkan dalam oven sampai beratnya kanstan, sebagai pektin kering. Kondisi operasi optimal dicapai pada suhu eketraksi 90 0C, dengan pH larutan untuk ampas (3,5), untuk larutan kulit pH 3, dan waktu operasi 90 menit. Pektin kering yang terpungut (rerata) pada kondisi operasi tersebut adalah 13,940 % (berat) untuk ampas dan 12,897 % (berat) untuk kulit apel.Perlu dilakukan uji kelayakan hasil jika pektin tersebut akan dimanfaatkan sebagai subsitusi bahan pangan, bahan pengobatan dan industri farmasi.
Pengaruh Penambahan Aditif Proses Daur Ulang Minyak Pelumas Bekas terhadap Sifat-sifat Fisis Siswanti Siswanti
Eksergi Vol 10, No 2 (2010): Versi Cetak
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v10i2.336

Abstract

Peningkatan jumlah kendaraan bermotor dan industri menyebabkan pemakaian minyak pelumas meningkat, akibatnya jumlah minyak pelumas bekas semakin meningkat. Hal ini jika dibiarkan dapat menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan. Sehingga dengan memanfaatkan kembali minyak pelumas bekas dapat mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan dan mengurangi konsumsi minyak bumi. Salah satu cara pengolahan minyak pelumas bekas adalah dengan proses daur ulang. Minyak pelumas bekas hasil daur ulang memiliki mutu yang kurang baik, sehingga perlu ditingkatkan mutunya dengan menambahkan zat aditif. Proses daur ulang dilakukan dengan cara menghilangkan zat pengotor yang terkandung dalam minyak pelumas bekas menggunakan asam sulfat pekat kemudian ducuci dengan larutan deterjen dan ditambah CaCl2 sebagai pemecah emulsi. Selanjutnya untuk meningkatkan mutunya ditambah dengan aditif yaitu nitrobenzen dan phenol dengan perbandingan 1 :1 pada suhu 70 oC. Kondisi terbaik yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah perbandingan aditif dengan minyak pelumas hasil daur ulang 1,5 :1 untuk waktu pemakaian di dalam mesin gergaji kayu selama 6 jam.
Produksi Biodisel dari Minyak Jelantah Menggunakan Katalis Asam padat (Nafion/SiO2) Mahreni Mahreni
Eksergi Vol 10, No 2 (2010): Versi Cetak
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v10i2.341

Abstract

Production of biodisel from waste cooking oil (WCO) was performed using a double catalyst Nafion/SiO2 as esterification catalyst and NaOH is used as transesterification catalyst . Study was conducted through three stages:as well as  synthesis of Nafion/SiO2 solid acid catalyst, the synthesis of biodisel using a single catalyst (NaOH) and the synthesis of biodisel using a catalyst (Nafion/SiO2 and NaOH). Solid acid catalyst is made of Nafion 5 wt.% solution and the (Tetra Ethoxy Ortho silicate, TEOS) using solution phase sol-gel method to produce Nafion/SiO2. Furthermore Nafion/SiO2 was applied as esterification catalyst. Esterification reaction conditions at temperatures of 75oC and fixed reaction time of 45 minutes. The reaction is run at three-neck flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer and cooling water. Products are separated and the upper layer is used as a reactant of transesterification reaction using NaOH catalyst and results biodisel (FAME). Result analysis of physical properties, ie viscosity, density and flash point FAME meets the standard requirements of biodisel. Chemical characterization in the FAME show there are more than six kinds of methyl esters indicate that FAME was formed. The percentage of biodisel that is produced by using dual catalyst is higher compared to using a single catalyst proved that the solid acid catalyst plays an important role in converting the free fatty acid in to ester in the WCO.
Pengaruh Kadar Garam Dapur Terhadap Suhu Makanan yang Dimasak dengan Microwave Wasir Nuri,MT
Eksergi Vol 10, No 2 (2010): Versi Cetak
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v10i2.337

Abstract

Many people cook by using microwave oven.  There are some reasons for health and the others for practice. Generally they do not know that food temperature is depends on amount of polar compound. Salt is polar compound hence salt content  influenced temperature of food. The objective of research was to determine salt  content to food temperature which is cooked by microwave. This research was simulated by mixing 20 g starch and 20 g salt water with salt variation from 0 to 3,2%. The mixed was put  into Becker glass 100 cc. and heated in microwave oven in low power  level until medium.  The temperature was measured every 2,5 minute until 15 minute. This research  show that salt and electricity power influence the temperature. For examples electricity power level-low, in 15 minute the temperature increase from 37oC to 73 oC at 3,2 % salt content, while at salt 0% and electricity power medium level the temperature increase  up to 90 o C.
Pembuatan Edible Film dari Tepung Jagung Danang Jaya
Eksergi Vol 10, No 2 (2010): Versi Cetak
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v10i2.333

Abstract

 Edible film adalah suatu lapisan tipis yang dibentuk untuk melapisi makanan (coating), berfungsi sebagai penghalang terhadap perpindahan massa dan atau sebagai pembawa aditif. Penggunaan tepung jagung sebagai edible film merupakan solusi yang menarik sebagai pembungkus pangan inovatif yang dapat menyatu pada bahan makanan. Tepung jagung dipilih karena dapat diuraikan oleh mikroorganisme dan dapat dimakan, sehingga dapat dikatakan lebih ramah lingkungan. Pembuatan edible film dari tepung jagung ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kuat tarik dan kelarutan dalam air edible film yang relatif baik terhadap komposisi bahan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara melarutkan tepung jagung sebanyak 10 gram dengan aquadest 50 ml, ditambahkan 70 ml aquadest mendidih dan dipanaskan sampai suhu ± 85ºC. Suspensi yang terbentuk didinginkan mengunakan pengaduk stirrer kemudian ditambahkan gliserol dan sorbitol. Edible film yang terbentuk kemudian dicetak dan dikeringkan menggunakan oven pada suhu 100ºC selama ± 4 jam. Perbandingan volume gliserol dengan sorbitol bervariasi dari: 0:1, 0:2,sampai 5:5. Karakterisasi edible film meliputi analisis kuat tarik (sifat mekanik) dan daya larut dalam air (sifat fisis). Komposisi relatif baik untuk sifat edible film yang dihasilkan adalah dengan perbandingan volume gliserol 1 ml dan volume sorbitol 1 ml dengan kuat tarik sebesar 17,2765 N dan daya larut sebesar 0,0091 g/ml.
Preparasi Membran Selulosa Asetat untuk Penyaringan Nira Tebu Sri Wahy Murni
Eksergi Vol 10, No 2 (2010): Versi Cetak
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v10i2.338

Abstract

In the current  the sugar cane process, the liquid  sugar cane is  purified  by physical  and chemical processes that need much energy and  produce waste. Membrane  process separation is alternative way  for purifying it. In this research, membrane was  prepared from cellulose acetate by phase inversion method with acetone as a solvent and formamide as additive. The experiment was conducted  by varying  cellulose acetate concentration and  evaporation period. Cellulose aseatat, acetone and formamide with a particular composition is stirred for 3-4 hours until homogeneous. Mixture is then filled into the bottle and closed tightly and left for 1 day. Furthermore, the mold is poured on flat glass and evaporated during the allotted time. Matter and its lining membrane is inserted in a tub filled with water at a temperature 2oC for 5 minutes, the membrane was then dried..  Performance of  membrane  produced was tested  determination by  liquid sugar cane. The result of the experiment showed that the best weight ratio of cellulose acetate:acetone:formamide was and evaporation period were 12.5:5.2:3.5  and  45 second respectively; the  membrane produced have volumetric flux, rejection of  TSS and       permeation      of sucrose       were 6.1698 l/m2.hour, 91.12%  and   89% respectively.
Pengaruh Penambahan Oksidator Kalium Bichromat pada Pengambilan Minyak Laka Harsa Pawignya
Eksergi Vol 10, No 2 (2010): Versi Cetak
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v10i2.334

Abstract

Cashew trees have been planted in Indonesia. The yield of these trees has been utilized by many people as snack that is delicious and special, while their skin is often been thrown away, so becoming waste, although they can be utilized. Laka oil (CNSL) is a liquid in cashew skin that has economic value, such as its utilization in glue industry, varnish, synthetic resin, insecticide, fungicide, paint, brake lining and clutch plate.  In this  study , the taking of laka oil from cashew was conducted by using press hydraulic and soxhlet with petroleum ether solution. After obtaining laka oil, Calium Bichromate oxidator was added to improve the quality of laka oil obtained before. Variables studied were the effect of material water content, pressing pressure, the time of pressing on oil weight obtained and the number of Calium Bichromate on oil resin content.   From this study , with material of 100 grams it obtained the best condition on material water content of  7,5 % , pressing pressure of 450 kg/ cm2 , pressing time of 20 minuts, and the oil obtained was 8,5747 grams.
Standards Practical Tools in Dealing with Climate Change Biatna Dulbert T
Eksergi Vol 10, No 2 (2010): Versi Cetak
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v10i2.342

Abstract

Drastic climate change is becoming an increasingly serious threat to the survival of living beings on this planet. Various effects have been caused by climate change such as rising temperatures, floods, rising sea level, the uncertain season and other radical changes. Other than forest destruction, as well as industry and transportation use fossil fuels contributed in exacerbating climate change. Indonesia, have adopted identical to the four Green House Gases (GHG) into the SNI via reprints. As a developing country and the condition of Indonesia's forests and peatland in the tropics, it is more easy going deforestation and degradation. Indonesia is concentrated to develop standards in deforestation field based decreased functions of tropical rain forests as carbon sinks are big enough, not to mention the peatland carbon stocks that have high potential around 36 Gton CO2 from 22 million hectares only. The development of ISO standards in measurements and calculations the Greenhouse Effect, Product Recycling, Promoting Environmental good, Energy Efficiency, Consumer Aware Environmental, very useful and contribute to tackle climate change significantly with the implementation of international standards. The most important thing now is how far the destruction of nature caused by human habits that are not environmentally friendly. Increasing understanding about the scale of change needed to tackle global warming, government, business and civil society should be able to perform the necessary steps and face the need to work in partnership to address such a change. In the long term the benefits of addressing climate change will far outweigh the impact costs . But in the short term, governments, business, and civil society will be more willing to bear those costs if they know their counterparts and competitors use standards, as a practical tool in dealing with climate change.

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