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Eksergi: Chemical Engineering Journal
Published by Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta
ISSN : 1410394X     EISSN : 24608203     DOI : https://doi.org/10.31315
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Eksergi is an open-access, peer-reviewed scientific journal that focuses on research and innovation in the fields of energy and renewable energy. The journal aims to provide a platform for scientists, researchers, engineers, and practitioners to share knowledge and advancements that contribute to sustainable development and energy transition. In addition to energy topics, the journal also accepts high-quality manuscripts related to, but not limited to, the following areas: Separation processes Bioprocesses related to food, energy, and environmental applications Wastewater treatment and resource recovery Process optimization and intensification Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) Chemical reaction engineering and reactor design Life cycle assessment (LCA) and sustainability evaluation Process Design and Control Engineering Process Simulations Process System Engineering The journal welcomes original research articles, reviews, and short communications that demonstrate novelty, scientific rigor, and relevance to chemical engineering and interdisciplinary applications.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Energi Terbarukan, Keberlanjutan dan Lingkungan
Articles 11 Documents
 1   2 
Search results for , issue "Vol 11, No 1" : 11 Documents clear
Pengaruh pH dan Rasio COD:N Terhadap Produksi Biogas dengan Bahan Baku Limbah Industri Alkohol (Vinasse) Budiyono, Budiyono
Eksergi Vol 11, No 1
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v11i1.324

Abstract

 Industrial waste ethanol, which vinasse is one potential source to be processed into biogas. This study was conducted to assess the potential of vinasse waste and comparison nutrients needed to obtain biogas with optimum results. Experiments conducted in the digester volume 5L, operated at room temperature and neutral pH by varying the ratio of COD: N: P 800:7, 900:7, 1000:7 on vinasse mixture, rumen, urea and vinasse mixture , rumen, and NH4 HCO3  within 30 days. Respons which taken from this research are influence of pH, ratio of COD:N and nutrition to biogas production. The optimum condition of pH in producing biogas is at 7. Production of biogas produced at the optimum ratio of COD: N: P 800:7 is equal to 280 ml (0,96 ml biogas/mg TS COD) in a mixture of vinasse, rumen, urea and 3839 ml (13,73 ml biogas/mg TS COD) in a mixture of vinasse, rumen, NH4 HCO3  due to the comparison easier bacteria decompose organic compounds. While vinasse mixture, rumen, and NH4 HCO3  produces more biogas than vinasse mixture, rumen, urea may be due NH4 HCO3  to maintain the pH range so that the bacteria can survive.
Pengaruh Oil Sludge Pertamina Surabaya Terhadap Kuat Tekan Keramik Tradisional Adi Ilcham
Eksergi Vol 11, No 1
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v11i1.329

Abstract

 Oil sludge is the solidifying oils that lying on the open space around the fuel storage tank. Heaps of the waste continues to increase could lead to environmental pollution due to the waste containing heavy metal. This research aims to study the effect of oil sludge on the compressive strength of traditional ceramics within range of sintering temperature (600- 1000 0 C), sintering time (1-3 hours), and raw material compositions. The experiment begins by mixing the ceramic raw materials. Material was mixed with water and milled using Mortar Hand (milling). A cermic mold was used to get ceramic specimens. The mold dimension is length of 8 cm, 4 cm wide, and 2 cm high. The specimens were sintered in a furnace at different temperatures and holding time. Finally, the ceramics were observed its compressive strength. The results showed that the waste oil sludge can be involved in the manufacture of traditional ceramics. In the view of the compressive strength, the best conditions for fabricating traditional ceramics are oil sludge of 16.67% w., sintering temperature of 800 0  C, and sintering time of 2.5 hours.
Pre-treatment Process of Biodiesel Production From Waste Cooking Oil Putri Restu Dewati; Achmad Halim Purbohandono; Arief Budiman
Eksergi Vol 11, No 1
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v11i1.318

Abstract

 Methyl ester of fatty acids known as biodiesel, synthesized from vegetable oils or animal fats, is a promising alternative fuel due to the limited resource of fossil fuel and the environment concern. There are large amount of low cost oil such as waste cooking oil that could be converted to biodiesel. However there is problem related to process of this low cost oil since they often contain large amounts of free fatty acid (FFA) that cannot be converted to biodiesel using alkalin ecatalyst. In this paper, a technique for reducing the FFA as pre-treatment in biodiesel production from waste cooking oil is studied. This pre-treatment step is aimed to esterify the FFA before trans-esterifying process of triglycerides with an alkaline-catalyst to complete the reaction. The main parameters of this process such as temperature, the molar ratio of methanol to acid catalyst, and catalyst loading were investigated to determine the optimum condition for converting of the FFA to usable esters. The result shows that the best condition for reducing of FFA was obtained at 65o C, with a molar ratio of oil to methanol of 1:6, and catalyst loading of 2 wt% H2SO4 .
Pirolisis Katalitik Tandan Kosong Sawit Menjadi Bio-oil dengan Katalis HZSM-5 Sunarno Sunarno
Eksergi Vol 11, No 1
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v11i1.325

Abstract

One of the alternative new energy sources is biomass. Biomass can be processes to produce bio-oil. The pyrolysis method was used to convert the palm empty fruit bunch from biomass to bio-oil. The purpose of this research are to study the influence of pyrolysis temperature with bio-oil yield and its properties. Pyrolysis process in slurry reactor with 50 grams palm empty fruit bunch, 500 ml thermo-oil and 2% HZSM-5 catalyst. Operating temperature variation (290,300,310 dan 3200 C) have been done. The result show that the optimum temperature obtained at 3200 C with bio-oil yield is 73.6%. The characterization result of bio-oil product are density is 1.008 gr/ml, viscosity is 12.63 cp, flash point 490 C, and maximum of component obtained is acetic acid with 47.09%.
Pengaruh Jenis dan Konsentrasi Aditif Terhadap Karakteristik Faktis Coklat dari Minyak Jarak Pagar Santi Puspitasari
Eksergi Vol 11, No 1
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v11i1.331

Abstract

Processing aid is an important chemical which is added to the rubber compound preparation. This ingredient will facilitate rubber mixing with other rubber chemicals. Brown factice is a processing aid used in the rubber article industries, especially in the rubber hose manufacture. This material is synthesized by polymerization of vegetable oil with sulfur at certain temperature. This reaction produces a crosslinking of the triglyseride molecules connected by sulfur. The crosslink causes the brown factice texture become elastic or rubberlike. The condition of the polymerization reaction and the compotition of reactant affect the brownfactice quality. The classification of brown factice is based on its visual and chemical  properties. The aim of the research was to study brown factice formulation which produce the optimum polymerization condition and the best quality of brown factice. In this experiment the brown factice was synthesized from Jatropha curcas oil at the laboratory scale using TMTD and ZDEC accelerators, by 1.0 pho dosage. The polymerization was conducted at 140oC on 30.0 pho of sulphur, while the ZnO and Na2CO3 dosage was varied at 0.25 and 0.50 pho. The reaction time, temperature, and exothermic step were observed conscientiously during the reaction. The brown factice rendemen was calculated and its quality was characterized. The result showed that the condition of the polymerization reaction using ZDEC and TMTD as  accelerator was not significantly different, but the quality of brown factice using ZDEC was better than TMTD (brighter color, lower free sulphur content, and acetone extract content). The best quality of  brown factice was obtained from the formulation of ZDEC as accelerator, 0.5 pho of ZnO and 0.5 pho of Na2CO3. 
Processing Biochar from Solid Waste of Arenga Pinnata Flour Industry Susanti Rina, ST, MT
Eksergi Vol 11, No 1
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v11i1.321

Abstract

 Arenga pinnata solid waste can be used as biochar-making material because it contains biomass agriculture and forestry residue. This research purposed to know the effect of pyrolysis in yield and characteristic of biochar as soil amendment. The research done by making model and practice the model. The variables of this research were : temperature, biochar yield, C-organic content, water content, pH, N, P, and K. The raw materials weight that used in each pyrolysis process is 200 grams.The result from this research are the highest biochar yield from arenga pinnata with 200 grams of raw materials weight was at 300 – 500 °C of temperature and 210-240 minutes of processing time with >30% of yield. The test with temperature variations show : 1) at 300-400°C of temperature acquired 4,45% of water content, 5,6 of pH, 14,63% of C-organic content, 0,71% of Nitrogen, 0,10% of Phosphor, and 0,63% of Kalium, 2) at 400-500°C of temperature acquired 5,62% of water content, 5,26 of pH, 13,49% of C-organic content, 0,73% of Nitrogen, 0,13% of Phosphor, and 0,49% of Kalium, 3) at 500-600°C of temperatur acquired 3,22% of water content, 6,1 of pH, 15,66% of C-organic content, 0,92% of Nitrogen, 0,09% of Phospor, and 0,58% of Kalium. The results from this research were able to fulfill the regulation as soil amendment determined by International Biochar Initiative (2010).
Sintesis Katalis Ni/ZSM-5 untuk Pirolisis Cangkang Sawit Menjadi Bio-Oil Sunaro Sunarno
Eksergi Vol 11, No 1
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v11i1.326

Abstract

 Increasing of the palm plantation every years can be increase the Crude Palm Oil (CPO) product, effecting the increase of the palm solid waste . One of the solid waste is palm kernel shell which used as energy source for boiler that produce palm ash wich as substant for the synthesis of ZSM-5catalyst (ratio Si/Al= 30). The synthesis of Ni/ZSM-5 by impregnation method at temperature 900 C, for 6 hours, then calcined by the themperature various of 4000 C, 5000 C, and 6000 C during 4 hours with nitrogen gas is flow, and followed by oxidation with oxygen gas and reduction with hydrogen gas flow for 2 hours at themperature 4000 C have been conducted. The resulting Ni/ZSM-5 was analyzed by BET method and applied for pyrolysis proccess of the palm kernel shell to produce bio oil. The bio oil product was charactrized for dencity, viscocity and flash point. The result show that maximum surface area of catalyst forcalcination obtained at 500ºC is 67,874 m2 /g, and study of pyrolysis proccess from 1% mass of palm kernel shell produce of 43% bio oil yield. The characterization result of bio-oil obtained that density is 0.954gr/ml, viscosity is 12.65cp, and flash point is 62o C.
Ekstraksi Pektin dari Kulit Buah Coklat dengan Pelarut Asam Sitrat S Susilowat
Eksergi Vol 11, No 1
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v11i1.322

Abstract

 Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) is a plant which is often found Indonesia, especially from plantations. Cocoa is into 3 sections, that is peel, fruit’s flesh and seeds. But so far in its use only cocoa flesh and seeds are taken to be used. While the peel is less utilized, becames a lot of waste and is usually used as animal’s feed. Cocoa peel is a source of pectin. Pectin in the food industry is a thickener and an additive in manufacturing jam, jelly, marmalade etc. Process of taking pectin from cocoa peel is done by extraction with citric acid solvent at operating condition pH 3, material and solvent ratio of 1:2, 1:14, 1:16, 1:18, 1:20, operation time of 75 minutes, 100 minutes, 125 minutes, 150 minutes, and 175 minutes, at 80oC and washing with alcohol and without alcohol. From the result of the research it is obtained that methoxyl content is 42.80% on washing with alcohol and 42.86 % on washing without alcohol. The best comparison of solvent is at 1:18 and 150 minutes of extraction time. Treatment on washing with alcohol and without alcohol produces methoxyl content which is almost same, but is terms of color on pectin washing with alcohol produces a clean and white color.
Natural Dyes from Plants Extract and Its Applications in Indonesian Textile Small Medium Scale Enterprise Anastasia Wheni Indraningsih
Eksergi Vol 11, No 1
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v11i1.327

Abstract

 Textile industry is an industry that uses dye a lot. Most of the textile industry use synthetic dyes, mainly because it is easy to obtain, guaranteed availability, provide variety of colors and do not easily fading, but in terms of health and safety, waste of textile dyes is very dangerous because it contains heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), tin (Sn), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). These metals can be carcinogenic if it accumulates in the human body. On the other hand, the use of natural dyes from plants extracts has many advantages compared to synthetic dyes, such as safe for human’s health and environmental friendly. However there are several drawbacks of natural dyes such as not easily available in the market, not many color choices available and easily fade when compared to synthetic dyes. Therefore, this paper contains review the availability of natural dyes, their extraction and its application in Indonesian textile small scale enterprises.
Pengaruh Daya Listrik Oven Gelombang Mikro terhadap Pemecahan Emulsi Minyak Mentah Cepu Ir.Wasir Nuri,MT
Eksergi Vol 11, No 1
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v11i1.323

Abstract

 Steam which injected to the oil well form a water in oil emulsion (W/O), emulsion must be broke to oil and water phase because disturb oil processing in the refinery unit. The emulsion stability depends on pH, water salinity, temperature and asphaltene, resin and wax content. This research are to find breaking effectiveness emulsion crude oil from Cepu and compare with usual oven. In this research water crude oil emulsion made from Cepu oil well with water salinity 20 ppt. Further the emulsion is affected using microwave radiation from microwave apparatus with variation electric power from 54to 432 Watts. Emulsion breaking with microwave more effective considered with effects use conventional oven. Research showed that increasing electrical power caused produce percentage emulsion breaking increase and faster. Demulsification emulsion formed water salinity 20 ppt in microwave oven with electrical power 432 Watt is the fastest breaking with broke reach 100 percents in five minutes. While demulsification with electrical power 54 Watt the longest breaking, during nineteen minutes break 100 percents. While using conventional oven needs 40 minutes for breaking 100 percents. This results show that emulsion breaking use microwave process more effective considering with use of conventional oven. 

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