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Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences

JETS
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Published by Institut Teknologi Bandung

ISSN : 23375779 EISSN : 23385502 DOI : -

Core Subject : Engineering,

Engineering

Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences welcomes full research articles in the area of Engineering Sciences from the following subject areas: Aerospace Engineering, Biotechnology, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Engineering Physics, Environmental Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Information Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Material Science and Engineering, Manufacturing Processes, Microelectronics, Mining Engineering, Petroleum Engineering, and other application of physical, biological, chemical and mathematical sciences in engineering. Authors are invited to submit articles that have not been published previously and are not under consideration elsewhere. Starting from Vol. 35, No. 1, 2003, full articles published are available online at http://journal.itb.ac.id, and indexed by Scopus, Index Copernicus, Google Scholar, DOAJ, GetCITED, NewJour, Open J-Gate, The Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek EZB by University Library of Regensburg, EBSCO Open Science Directory, Ei Compendex, Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) and Zurich Open Repository and Archive Journal Database. Publication History Formerly known as: ITB Journal of Engineering Science (2007 â€“ 2012) Proceedings ITB on Engineering Science (2003 - 2007) Proceedings ITB (1961 - 2002)

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Articles 9 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 51, No 4 (2019)" : 9 Documents clear

Phytoremediation of Nutrients and Organic Carbon from Sago Mill Effluent using Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Nash, Daniah Ali Hassoon; Abdullah, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh; Hasan, Hassimi Abu; Mushrifah, Idris; Muhammad, Nurul Fadhilah; Al-Baldawi, Israa Abdulwahab; Ismail, Nur ?Izzati
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 51, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of floating water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) to survive under selected concentrations of sago mill effluent (SME) and determine the nutrient uptake by the plant. Phytoremediation at 10, 15, and 20% (VSME/Vwater) SME concentrations by water hyacinth was conducted under greenhouse conditions for 30 d in a batch type experiment. After 30 d of phytoremediation, the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia and phosphorus from SME wastewater were (86.4% to 97.2%), (91.4% to 97.3%) and (80.4 to 97.2%), respectively. The results proved the efficiency of water hyacinth to polish SME wastewater.

Collapse Risks of Fail-Safe RC Frames Due to Earthquakes: Fragility Assessments Mangkoesoebroto, Sindur P.; Prayoga, Made H.; Parithusta, Rizkita
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 51, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2019.51.4.3

The objective of this study was to determine the collapse risk of fail-safe reinforced concrete (RC) frames due to earthquakes by newly developed fragility curves. The curves were constructed based on the collapse mechanism, instead of measures of lateral drift as customarily adopted. The procedure was applied to RC open frames that were seismic resistant. A fail-safe mechanism was imposed by allowing plastic hinges to be formed mainly in the beams. This automatically satisfied the stronger column-weaker beam requirement; shear failure was neither tolerated anywhere in the columns nor in the beams. Two kinds of fail-safe RC frames were investigated: special moment resisting frames (SMF) and ordinary moment resisting frames (OMF). Their earthquake collapse risk was computed and compared. Inelastic time history (NLTH) and the non-linear static procedure (NSP) were conducted to assess their structural performance. The results showed among others that the fail-safe OMF had lower collapse risk than the fail-safe SMF. The collapse prevention performance level in NLTH could only be achieved for the fail-safe frames. The non-linear time history analysis should be the only method used for seismic reevaluation/safety checking of building frame structures.

Quantitative Analysis of Interfacial Area on Liquid-liquid Multiphase Flow of Transesterification Process in Cross-junction Microchannel Reactor Kushaari, Kuzilati; Laziz, Afiq Mohd; Hamid, Nor Hisham
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 51, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Key advantage of microfluidic technology in chemical processing is the high interfacial area which is especially important factors in multiphase reaction. The multiphase reaction like transesterification of vegetable oil and methanol to produce biodiesel are largely dependent on interfacial area for better mass transfer. However, little attentions have been given to the hydrodynamic factor which affects the interfacial area in a microchannel. In this study, the interfacial area from the droplet flow regime was studied by varying the parameter of methanol to oil ratio (M/O), total flow rate (QTotal) and catalyst concentration. The droplet flow was created by a cross-junction channel and photos were made to measure the size of the droplets with help of microscope. The maximum M/O ratio of 23 and lowest flow rate of 10 ?L/min exhibited the highest interfacial area, where increasing M/O by 67% could increase the interfacial area by 23%. By varying the KOH catalyst concentration, the change in the interfacial area was very small, hence showing the lowest impact on the interfacial area of the droplet. Therefore, further analysis must be performed to investigate the impact of interfacial area and mass transfer coefficient on the reaction performance to produce highest yield of biodiesel in microchannel reactor.

Development of Nationwide Surface Spectral Acceleration Maps for Earthquake Resistant Design of Bridges Based on National Hazard Maps of Indonesia 2017 Mikhail, Reguel; Irsyam, Masyhur; Nazir, Ramli; Asrurifak, Mohammad; Hutapea, Bigman Marihat; Rustiani, Siska; Munirwansyah, Munirwansyah; Sri Harninto, Dandung
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 51, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Spectral acceleration at the ground surface, including peak ground acceleration, provides essential information for earthquake resistant design and must be provided to bridge engineers in easily accessible media. Spectra acceleration maps are one way to deliver such information, but unfortunately the most recent Indonesian earthquake resistant design standard for bridges, SNI 2833-2016, only provides maps of earthquake hazard at bedrock. The development of earthquake acceleration maps at the ground surface for Indonesia in this study was based on earthquake hazard maps at bedrock with probability of exceedance (PE) 7% in 75 years, i.e. equal to an earthquake with a return period of 1034 years. Site conditions were adopted from the nationwide Vs30 map of Indonesia proposed by Irsyam (2017), which is a modified version of the Vs30 map proposed by Imamura & Furuta (2015). Site conditions combined with hazard value were used to determine the amplification factors according to the criteria in SNI 2833-2016 and then multiplied with hazard at bedrock to obtain surface spectra acceleration maps. The resulting maps are very useful for determining earthquake loads for bridge design at the preliminary design stage. Improvements to incorporate more advanced calculation methods and updated data in a future research are recommended and very feasible.

Three-dimensional DC Resistivity Modeling using Galerkin Finite Element Method Composed by Tetrahedral Elements Srigutomo, Wahyu; Anwar, Hairil; Agustine, Eleonora; Mahardika, Harry
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 51, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Successful interpretation of DC resistivity data depends on the availability of a proper forward modeling scheme. In this study, a three-dimensional DC resistivity forward modeling scheme was developed using the finite element method. The finite element equations were obtained using a weakened form of the weighted-residual method called the Galerkin method. Discretization of the modeling domain was carried out by dividing it into smaller three-dimensional blocks and subdividing each block into five tetrahedral elements. A linear interpolation function was employed and elemental linear equations were set up, followed by formation of global matrix systems of equation and incorporation of proper boundary conditions. The conjugate gradient method was applied to solve the global system of equations, which in this study was proven to be more efficient than a direct solver, contributing to a 67% time reduction. Using a Wenner array configuration, comparison with theoretical calculation of the electric potential for a homogeneous model yielded a relative error of 3.66%. To confirm the applicability of this forward modeling scheme, apparent resistivity profiles for several basic three-dimensional subsurface resistivity models were compared with the analytical profiles, yielding an acceptable level of fitting.

DBSA-Catalyzed Sewage Sludge Conversion into Biodiesel in a CSTR: RSM Optimization and RTD Study Jazie, Ali A.
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 51, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Sewage sludge from the primary stage of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Al-Diwaniyah City was direct-transesterified to biodiesel using dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid catalyst in a system with two continuously stirred tank reactors. The response surface and the central cube design methodologies were used to optimize the parameters affecting the biodiesel yield. The optimum conditions for the process in this study were found to be (residence time: 90 min; catalyst loading 8 wt%; methanol/oil ratio: 18; reaction temperature: 368.15 K). Under the optimum process conditions a biodiesel yield of 96.51% was obtained. The experimental residence time distribution (RTD) was calculated and compartment models were applied for the two-tank reactor system. In the CSTR, a dead zone of (10 liter) was estimated. The independent analysis of fatty acids in the sewage showed that the lipids consisted primarily of palmitic acid (C16:0 = 37.86), oleic acid (C18:1 cis-9 = 19.72) and stearic acid (C18:0 = 17.32), and the acid value was (2.44 mg KOH/g). The properties of the biodiesel produced were comparable with the ASTM D-6751-2 standard and the properties of mineral diesel.

Research on Flow Characteristics of Electronically Controlled Injection Device Developed for High-Power Natural Gas Engines Sun, Binbin; Ge, Wenqing; Wang, Yongjun; Tan, Cao; Li, Bo
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 51, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Accurate fuel supply is a key factor that influences the performance of high-power natural gas engines. The premixed and single-point natural gas supply system is the most commonly used method to ensure a large fuel supply but one of its shortcomings is the inaccuracy of the fuel supply. A new type of natural gas injection device with fungiform configuration and electronically controlled actuator was developed to achieve high efficiency and stable operation in high-power natural gas engines. Firstly, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the injection device was created. Based on this model, the key structure parameters that have a significant influence on the outlet flow were confirmed. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) model was developed to identify the optimal outflow structure. Then, a flow function for precise flow supply control was constructed based on a response surface model, according to the flow rates of the device under different control parameters. Finally, a flow-characteristic test bench and a high-power engine prototype were developed to verify the simulation and optimization results. The results indicate that the optimized outflow structure shows low pressure loss and a large flow rate, improving injection efficiency by 10.37% and mass flow by 11.78% under 0.4 Mpa pressure difference. More importantly, the cycle fuel supply could be controlled accurately for each cylinder owing to the developed flow function. Consequently, compared with the original engine using a single-point natural gas supply system, the cylinder performance imbalance was improved by 37.47%.

Regenerative Chatter Evaluation when Turning Nickel-based Superalloy GH4169 Using PCBN Cutting Tool Fadul Almula, Mubarak A.M.; Zhu, Haitao; Wahab, Hassan A.
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 51, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

Vibration during machining operation is a major issue that lowers cutting operation efficiency. Usually high cutting forces are encountered during machining processes, consequently shortening cutting tool lifetime. Thus, the metal removable rate is reduced and a poor surface finish is produced. This issue can be overcome by selecting proper cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed, and depth of cut), especially when machining difficult-to-cut materials at high cutting speed. In this paper, a two-degrees-of-freedom turning vibration model is introduced to study the vibration mode of the system when nickel-based superalloy GH4169 is turned at varying cutting depths. The effect of varying the cutting depth on system vibration was simulated using the Matlab/Simulink software. In addition, the model was experimentally tested on a numerical controlled lathe machine. The stable limit cutting depth and the main vibration directions of the system chatter were the responses that were investigated. The results show that the simulation provided a reasonable approximation of the experimental results.

Application of Fibonacci Sequence and Lucas Sequence on the Design of the Toilet Siphon Pipe Shape Ge, Xiaole; Wang, Hongfeng; Liu, Shengrong; Li, Zhanfu; Tong, Xin; Pu, Jiafei
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol 51, No 4 (2019)
Publisher : ITB Journal Publisher, LPPM ITB

The purpose of this study was to explore the method for designing the toilet siphon pipe shape to improve flushing performance. The Fibonacci sequence and the Lucas sequence were used to design the structural parameters of the siphon pipe. The flushing processes of the toilet were simulated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method to analyze the flushing performance under different siphon pipe shapes. Experimental studies were conducted to verify the reliability of the simulation results. The results indicated that when the Lucas numbers and the Fibonacci numbers were utilized to regulate the curvature of the siphon pipe in the Xi direction and the Yj direction respectively, the flushing performance of the toilet was optimal. In order to obtain better flushing performance, the curvature of the siphon pipe should be smooth and have obvious transitions at the connections of different sections. When the overall size of the siphon pipe is kept constant, a short siphon pipe length is helpful for the improvement of toilet flushing performance.

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