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INDONESIA
Global Strategis
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 19079729     EISSN : 24429600     DOI : -
Core Subject : Humanities, Education, Art, Social,
Arts Humanities Social Sciences Other
Jurnal Global & Strategis is a scientific journal published twice a year, every June and December. JGS invite discussions, reviews, and analysis of contemporary against four main themes: international peace and security; international political economy; international businesses and organization; as well as globalization and strategy. JGS published by Cakra Studi Global Strategis (CSGS), center of studies that examine the issues of international relations and this center of studies was under control by Airlangga University International Relations Department.
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 18 No. 1 (2024): Global Strategis" : 10 Documents clear
AUKUS: The Rise of Chinese Might and the US' Response Sari, Yesi Riana Yusnita; Oktavian, Riskey
Global Strategis Vol. 18 No. 1 (2024): Global Strategis
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jgs.18.1.2024.227-244

Abstract

The US-China rivalry has intensified in recent years, first with the Trade War under the Trump Administration and then AUKUS created under the Biden Administration. This article analyses the power rivalry in relation to AUKUS and its impact on countries within the Indo-Pacific. This article will analyse this power rivalry by using the concepts of the foreign policy of containment and the concept of security alliance. The research uses a qualitative descriptive method with primary and secondary sources, which is validated by triangulation of sources. The research questions led to the finding that the US-China power rivalry, as well as the creation of AUKUS, have created tension in the Indo-Pacific, where countries are, blatantly or softly, forced to choose a side. Such a situation also impacts how a country conducts its domestic and foreign policy, so as to not provoke one side over the other. Keywords: US-China Rivalry, AUKUS, Indo-Pacific, Regional Security Persaingan antara Amerika Serikat dan Tiongkok semakin menguat beberapa tahun belakangan ini. Persaingan yang sangat jelas terlihat adalah Perang Dagang yang terjadi di bawah kepemimpinan Presiden Trump lalu kemudian pembentukan AUKUS di bawah kepemimpinan Biden. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan persaingan antara kedua negara terkait AUKUS, serta dampaknya terhadap negara-negara di kawasan Indo-Pasifik. Permasalahan tersebut dianalisis menggunakan konsep kebijakan luar negeri pembendungan dan konsep aliansi keamanan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan sumber data primer dan sekunder berbasis teknik validasi triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa rivalitas Cina-US AUKUS membentuk ketegangan di Indo-Pasifik, di mana negara-negara di kawasan tersebut terpaksa harus memihak, baik dengan cara terang-terangan maupun secara halus. Keadaan ini menuntut negara-negara di Indo-Pasifik untuk dapat membuat kebijakan dalam negeri dan kebijakan luar negeri yang tidak memprovokasi salah satu negara tersebut. Kata-kata Kunci: Persaingan US-Tiongkok, AUKUS, Indo-Pasifik, Keamanan Regional
The Mali-France Counterterrorism Cooperation: The Influence of Mali's National Identity Change on Its Foreign Policy Making Prasetyo, Andi Dwi
Global Strategis Vol. 18 No. 1 (2024): Global Strategis
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jgs.18.1.2024.107-128

Abstract

Mali telah mengalami ketidakstabilan politik dan keamanan yang menyebabkan konflik terorisme yang parah sejak tahun 2012. Dalam upaya war against terrorism, Mali bekerja sama dengan Prancis untuk meningkatkan stabilitas keamanan dan eradikasi sel-sel teroris. Namun setelah hampir sepuluh tahun, Prancis menarik pasukannya dari Mali akibat tidak kooperatifnya Mali dengan puncaknya pada pemutusan kerja sama keamanan yang ditandatangani tahun 2014. Penelitian ini menelaah terkait pertanyaan mengapa Mali mengambil kebijakan yang berisiko pada kontra produktifnya war against terrorism Mali. Peneliti menganalisis fenomena ini menggunakan konsep source of change dan teori aspirational constructivism. Dengan menggunakan studi pustaka dan analisis data, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh perubahan identitas nasional Mali dari nasionalisme berbasis etno-politis (Mande) menjadi nasionalisme berbasis kolonial melalui uji historisis dan rasional. Identitas ini muncul setelah konstruksi elite berdasarkan aspirasi historisis komunal dari pengalaman kolonialisme yang dilakukan oleh Prancis di wilayah Mali. Berdasarkan fakta tersebut, dapat diketahui bahwa terjadi pergeseran orientasi kerja sama keamanan Mali dari Prancis yang diperkuat oleh bukti berupa penghentian kerja sama keamanan tahun 2014 pada tahun 2022. Kata-kata Kunci: Identitas; Nasionalisme; Kolonial; Mali; Prancis  Mali has experienced political and security instability which has led to a severe terrorist conflict since 2012. In an effort to war against terrorism, Mali has collaborated with France to increase security stability and eradicate terrorist cells. However, after nearly ten years, France withdrew its troops from Mali as a result of Mali's non-cooperation, with the culmination of the termination of the security cooperation signed in 2014. This research examines why Mali has pursued a risky policy that proves counterproductive in its war against terrorism. The author uses the concept of the source of change and the theory of aspirational constructivism. By using literature study and data analysis employing historicist and rational tests, the author concludes that there is an influence of Mali's national identity changes from ethno-political nationalism (Mande) to colonial-based nationalism. This identity arose after the construction of the elite based on the communal historicist aspirations of the colonialism experience which carried out by the French in  Mali. Based on this fact, we can see there has been a shift in the orientation of Mali's security cooperation away from France, evidenced by the termination of 2014 security cooperation in 2022. Keywords: Identity; Nationalism; Colonial; Mali; France
Building Democracy In Latin America: United States Foreign Aid For Haiti Arindrayani, Angelica
Global Strategis Vol. 18 No. 1 (2024): Global Strategis
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jgs.18.1.2024.203-226

Abstract

This article provides an overview, implications, and challenges that arise at the intersection of international political, economic, social, and environmental dilemmas that intervened in Haiti's efforts to build the stability of its democracy during the pre-Cold War period until recently. By providing United States Agency for International Development (USAID)'s trend of democratic assistance to the Latin American region and the presidential leadership model that may explain Haiti's failure to combat political instability, this article has positioned the Haitian government as a contributor to Haiti's permanent crisis, with the role of an elite society taking control of the interim government system and the civil society as the party to bear the consequences. The occurrence of a devastating earthquake has tested Haiti and resulted in more and more Haitians migrating to the United States. This condition exacerbated Haiti's status as a "failed state" and the need for sustained commitment and long-term international stabilization efforts. By applying the analytical explanatory method, the results show that if Haiti is to escape its permanent political instability, a more comprehensive policy-making paradigm shift is needed beyond just democratic assistance from USAID. Keywords: Democratic Aid, Haiti, USAID, Democracy, Foreign Aid. Artikel ini mengulas ikhtisar, implikasi, dan tantangan yang muncul di persimpangan dilema politik, ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan internasional yang mengintervensi Haiti dalam upaya membangun stabilitas demokrasinya selama periode sebelum Perang Dingin hingga baru-baru ini. Dengan menyediakan tren bantuan demokratis Badan Pembangunan Internasional Amerika Serikat (USAID) ke wilayah Amerika Latin dan model kepemimpinan presiden yang mungkin bisa menjadi alasan atas tidak berhasilnya Haiti melawan ketidakstabilan politik, artikel ini telah menempatkan pemerintah Haiti sebagai kontributor krisis permanen Haiti, dengan peran masyarakat elit yang mengambil alih kontrol sistem pemerintahan sementara masyarakat sipil menjadi pihak menanggung akibatnya. Adapun terjadinya gempa bumi dahsyat telah menguji Haiti dan mengakibatkan semakin banyak penduduk Haiti yang bermigrasi ke Amerika Serikat. Kondisi ini kemudian memperburuk status Haiti sebagai sebuah "negara gagal" dan perlunya komitmen berkelanjutan serta upaya stabilisasi internasional berjangka panjang. Dengan menerapkan metode eksplanatif secara analitis, hasil menunjukkan bahwa jika Haiti ingin melepaskan diri dari ketidakstabilan politik permanennya, diperlukan pergeseran paradigma pembuat kebijakan yang lebih komprehensif daripada hanya sekedar bantuan demokratis dari USAID. Kata-kata kunci: Bantuan Demokratis, Haiti, USAID, Demokrasi, Bantuan Luar Negeri.
Between Principles and Actions: ASEAN and Indonesia in Dealing With The Political Crisis In Myanmar Gunawan, Tedi
Global Strategis Vol. 18 No. 1 (2024): Global Strategis
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jgs.18.1.2024.81-106

Abstract

This article explains the role of ASEAN in addressing the political crisis and human rights violations in Myanmar, focusing on Indonesia's leadership as the ASEAN Chair in 2023. Following the 2021 military coup in Myanmar, which garnered global attention, ASEAN endeavored to formulate the Five Point Consensus through a constructive approach to tackle this crisis, yet its implementation remains constrained. This article uses a case study method to evaluate ASEAN's response to Myanmar's post-coup situation. The initial adoption of the "constructive engagement" approach within the ASEAN context was aimed at resolving this crisis. However, this approach, characterized by non-interference and consensus-building, proved ineffective in driving political change in Myanmar. As the ASEAN Chair, Indonesia assumes a pivotal role in seeking more effective solutions. The study finds that ASEAN demonstrates adaptability in addressing the Myanmar crisis, transitioning from the "constructive engagement" approach to "enhanced interactions." Under Indonesia's leadership, ASEAN deployed a team of the Special Envoy for Myanmar Affairs led by Foreign Minister Retno Marsudi and rebuilt ASEAN's centrality through proactive mediation efforts, diplomatic coordination, engagement with external partners, and commitment to regional stability and peace. Additionally, ASEAN's intervention with restrictions on Myanmar's participation in various regional activities serves as a form of 'pressure' to encourage cooperation and accountability. Through these enhanced interactions, ASEAN and Indonesia played a more active role in mediating the crisis and promoting reconciliation among all stakeholders involved. Keywords: ASEAN; Indonesia; Myanmar Coup; Constructive Engagement; Enhanced Interactions Artikel ini menjelaskan peran ASEAN dalam mengatasi krisis politik dan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia di Myanmar, dengan fokus pada kepemimpinan Indonesia sebagai Ketua ASEAN pada tahun 2023. Pasca kudeta militer tahun 2021 di Myanmar yang menyita perhatian global, ASEAN berupaya merumuskan Lima Poin Konsensus melalui pendekatan konstruktif untuk mengatasi krisis ini, tetapi implementasinya masih terkendala. Dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus, artikel ini mengevaluasi respons ASEAN terhadap situasi pasca kudeta di Myanmar. Penerapan awal menggunakan pendekatan "constructive engagement" dalam konteks ASEAN bertujuan untuk menyelesaikan krisis ini. Namun, pendekatan yang bercirikan non-intervensi dan membangun konsensus, terbukti tidak efektif dalam mendorong perubahan politik di Myanmar. Sebagai Ketua ASEAN, Indonesia mempunyai peran penting dalam mencari solusi yang lebih efektif. Studi ini menemukan bahwa ASEAN menunjukkan kemampuan beradaptasi dalam mengatasi krisis Myanmar, melakukan transisi dari pendekatan "constructive engagement" ke "enhanced interactions." Di bawah kepemimpinan Indonesia, ASEAN mengerahkan tim Utusan Khusus untuk Urusan Myanmar yang dipimpin oleh Menteri Luar Negeri Indonesia dan membangun kembali konsep sentralitas ASEAN melalui upaya mediasi proaktif, koordinasi diplomatik, keterlibatan dengan mitra eksternal, dan komitmen terhadap stabilitas dan perdamaian kawasan. Selain itu, intervensi ASEAN dengan pembatasan partisipasi Myanmar dalam berbagai kegiatan regional merupakan bentuk 'tekanan' untuk mendorong kerja sama dan akuntabilitas. Melalui peningkatan interaksi ini, ASEAN dan Indonesia memainkan peran yang lebih aktif dalam memediasi krisis dan mendorong rekonsiliasi di antara seluruh pemangku kepentingan yang terlibat. Kata-kata Kunci: ASEAN; Indonesia; Kudeta Myanmar; Keterlibatan Konstruktif; Interaksi yang Ditingkatkan
Fostering International Relations: The Role of Index Citra Indonesia in Advancing Indonesian Diplomacy Abroad Paksi, Arie Kusuma; Renta, Pebria Prakarsa; Alvionita, Anisa Rahma
Global Strategis Vol. 18 No. 1 (2024): Global Strategis
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jgs.18.1.2024.129-152

Abstract

This research analyzes the role of the Index Citra Indonesia in enhancing the public diplomacy of Indonesian representative offices abroad. The focus of this study is to assess how the digital survey application, developed by the government since 2017, has been utilized to expand Indonesia's image and diplomatic reach globally. The function of the Index Citra Indonesia is to evaluate the performance of representatives through systematic data collection from respondents, covering aspects such as opinions, perceptions, and attitudes towards Indonesia. The research findings indicate the effectiveness of the Index survey in providing information related to respondent insights, which can be acted upon with the creation of long-term diplomatic strategies and programs. These programs are essential in strengthening Indonesia's public diplomacy framework to meet the needs of the international public. This study contributes to the discourse on digital diplomacy by highlighting the role of digital technology development and its impact on contemporary diplomatic practices. Keywords: Index Citra Indonesia, Public Diplomacy, Indonesian Representatives Abroad International Perceptions, Performance Improvement Penelitian ini menganalisa peran dari Indeks Citra Indonesia dalam meningkatkan diplomasi publik kantor perwakilan Indonesia di luar negeri. Fokus dari studi ini adalah untuk menilai bagaimana aplikasi survei digital, yang dibuat oleh Pemerintah sejak tahun 2017, telah dimanfaatkan untuk memperluas citra dan jangkauan diplomasi Indonesia secara global. Fungsi Indeks Citra Indonesia adalah mengevaluasi kinerja perwakilan melalui pengumpulan data sistematis dari responden, yang mencakup aspek seperti opini, persepsi, dan sikap terhadap Indonesia. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan keefektifan survei Indeks dalam memberikan informasi terkait wawasan responden, yang dapat ditindaklanjuti dengan pembuatan strategi dan program diplomasi jangka panjang. Program-program tersebut sangat penting dalam memperkuat kerangka diplomasi publik Indonesia agar sesuai dengan kebutuhan publik internasional. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada diskursus diplomasi digital dengan menyoroti tentang peran perkembangan teknologi digital dan dampaknya bagi praktik diplomasi kontemporer. Kata-kata Kunci: Index Citra Indonesia, Diplomasi Publik, Perwakilan Indonesia di Luar Negeri, Persepsi Internasional, Peningkatan Kinerja
Indonesian-Timor Leste Western Demarcation Line Dispute Settlement on Unresolved Segment of Neoliberalism Perspective: Endeavors and Challenges Korbaffo, Yosef Serano; Kalembang, Elpius; Nurak, Ronaldus
Global Strategis Vol. 18 No. 1 (2024): Global Strategis
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jgs.18.1.2024.183-202

Abstract

This article discusses the resolution of the land border dispute between Indonesia and Timor Leste at Bidjaele Sunan-Oben and Noelbesi-Citrana, two points that are classified as unresolved segments. Border negotiations between the two countries have been going on since 2000 and only two remain, namely Bidjaele Sunan-Oben and Noelbesi-Citrana, due to the different perceptions of the two countries at these points. In 2019, a final agreement regarding the two points was reached and outlined in the Agreed Principles on The Final Settlement 2019. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. Using the theory of neoliberalism, this article finds that the cooperation between Indonesia and Timor Leste through the mediation of international regimes has proven effective in resolving land border disputes at the two points in question. However, the Covid-19 epidemic and Timor Leste's absence from demarcation activities continue to obstruct the two countries' technical settlement. Keywords: Neoliberalism, International Regime, Land Boundary Disputes, Unresolved Segment, Indonesia-Timor Leste Artikel ini mendiskusikan penyelesaian sengketa batas darat Indonesia dan Timor Leste di Bidjaele Sunan-Oben dan Noelbesi-Citrana, dua titik yang tergolong unresolved segment. Perundingan batas kedua negara Leste telah dimulai sejak tahun 2000 hingga saat ini. Proses tersebut menyisahkan 2 titik tersisa yakni Bidjaele Sunan-Oben dan Noelbesi-Citrana akibat adanya perbedaan persepsi kedua negara pada titik dimaksud. Pada tahun 2019, kesepakatan final terkait kedua titik tersebut berhasil dicapai dan dituangkan dalam Agreed Principles on The Final Settlement 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Dengan menggunakan teori neoliberalisme, artikel ini menemukan bahwa kerjasama Indonesia dan Timor Leste melalui perantaraan rezim internasional terbukti ampuh dalam menyelesaikan sengketa batas darat pada kedua titik dimaksud. Namun Pandemi Covid-19 dan ketidakhadiran Timor Leste dalam kegiatan demarkasi masih menjadi penghambat penyelesaian teknis kedua negara. Kata-kata kunci: Neoliberalisme, Rezim Internasional, Sengketa Batas Darat, Unresolved Segment, Indonesia-Timor Leste
UNFPA-UNICEF Global Programme to Accelerate Action to End Child Marriage in Zambia (2016-2019) Br Munthe, Arta Salesta; Farid, Muhammad
Global Strategis Vol. 18 No. 1 (2024): Global Strategis
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jgs.18.1.2024.57-80

Abstract

Child marriage is a prevalent phenomenon in developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Zambia is one with the highest rate of child marriages, with 1.7 million child brides. This study investigates the contribution of UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund) and UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund) to cope with child marriage issues in Zambia through the Global Program to End Child Marriage (GPECM). The writer employs the concept of Human Security as an analytical tool in addressing the risk of child marriage in Zambia. This article next explains the role of UNICEF and UNFPA as international organizations in handling human security cases in Zambia. The final result of the study revealed that UNICEF and UNFPA contributed significantly to handling child marriage cases as a human security issue in Zambia by empowering adolescent girls, advocating for policy, providing assistance to enhance the quality of social services, and creating guidance to address the challenges. Keywords: Child Marriage, Human Security, GPECM, UNICEF, UNFPA  Perkawinan anak merupakan fenomena umum di negara-negara berkembang, terutama di sub-Sahara Afrika. Zambia adalah salah satu negara dengan tingkat pernikahan anak tertinggi di dunia dengan 1,7 juta pengantin perempuan kategori anak. Studi ini mengkaji kontribusi UNICEF (Dana Anak-Anak Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa) dan UNFPA (Dana Penduduk Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa) dalam mengatasi isu perkawinan anak di Zambia melalui Global Program to End Child Marriage (GPECM). Penulis menggunakan konsep Keamanan Manusia (Human Security) sebagai alat analisis dalam menangani risiko perkawinan anak di Zambia. Penulis selanjutnya menjelaskan peran UNICEF dan UNFPA sebagai organisasi internasional yang berinisiatif menangani kasus keamanan manusia di Zambia. Hasil akhir penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa UNICEF dan UNFPA berkontribusi secara signifikan dalam menangani kasus perkawinan anak sebagai isu keamanan manusia di Zambia dengan memberdayakan anak perempuan, mengadvokasi kebijakan, memberikan bantuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas layanan sosial, dan membuat panduan penanganan khusus atas kasus tersebut. Kata-kata Kunci: Pernikahan Anak di Zambia, Keamanan Manusia, GPECM, UNICEF, UNFPA
Indonesia's Global Halal Hub: Competitive Strategies for Leadership Akim, Akim; Sari, Viani Puspita; Konety, Neneng; Nidatya, Nurfarah
Global Strategis Vol. 18 No. 1 (2024): Global Strategis
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jgs.18.1.2024.29-56

Abstract

Indonesia, with the world's largest Muslim demographic bonus, does not seem to have achieved enough capital to reach the top rank of the global Islamic economy. Although the vision of Global Halal Hub 2024 is supported by the government, this research highlights Indonesia's lack of awareness of its competitive advantages, which attracted the author's attention to explore further. Qualitative and descriptive analysis are the methods in this research. This paper refers to the concepts of Competitive Advantage of Nations developed by Michael E. Porter, namely factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries, and firm strategy, structure, and rivalry. Through factor condition analysis, it can be seen that to achieve a competitive advantage in the halal industry, Indonesia needs to improve its logistics infrastructure and develop human resource expertise in halal certification, research stimulation, and product innovation. Demand conditions then indicate the need for increased consumer education and diversification of halal products. Meanwhile, the concept of related and supporting industries targets strengthening halal guarantee institutions and government support. The indicators of firm strategy, structure, and rivalry focus on developing global marketing strategies and international partnerships. To achieve Global Halal Hub status, researchers highlight the importance of comprehensive and collaborative approaches, such as integration in strengthening logistics infrastructure, increasing human resource expertise related to halal certification, and increasing research and product innovation. In addition, consumer education and cooperation with institutions and governments play a vital role in creating favorable conditions. Keywords: Comparative Advantage, Halal Hub, Indonesia Indonesia, dengan bonus demografi umat Muslim terbesar dunia, tampaknya belum mencapai modal yang cukup untuk mencapai peringkat teratas perekonomian Islam global. Kendati visi Global Halal Hub 2024 didukung oleh pemerintah, penelitian ini menyoroti masih kurangnya kesadaran Indonesia terhadap keunggulan-keunggulan kompetitif yang dimiliki, sehingga menarik perhatian penulis untuk menelaah lebih lanjut. Metode kualitatif dan analisis deskriptif menjadi metode dalam penelitian ini. Tulisan ini merujuk pada konsep-konsep Competitive Advantage of Nations yang dikembangkan oleh Michael E. Porter, yakni factor condition, demand condition, related and supporting industry serta firm strategy, structure, and rivalry. Melalui analisis factor condition, terlihat bahwa untuk mencapai keunggulan kompetitif dalam industri halal, Indonesia perlu meningkatkan infrastruktur logistik serta pengembangan keahlian sumber daya manusia dalam sertifikasi halal, stimulasi riset, dan inovasi produk. Demand condition kemudian menunjukkan perlunya peningkatan edukasi konsumen dan diversifikasi produk halal. Sementara itu, konsep related and supporting industry menargetkan penguatan lembaga penjaminan halal dan dukungan pemerintah. Adapun indikator firm strategy, structure, and rivalry  berfokus pada perlunya pengembangan strategi pemasaran global dan kemitraan internasional. Guna mencapai status Global Halal Hub, peneliti menyoroti pentingnya pendekatan-pendekatan komprehensif dan kolaboratif, seperti integrasi dalam penguatan infrastruktur logistik, peningkatan keahlian sumber daya manusia terkait sertifikasi halal, dan peningkatan riset serta inovasi produk. Selain itu, edukasi konsumen dan kerja sama dengan lembaga serta pemerintah memainkan peran vital dalam menciptakan kondisi yang mendukung. Kata-kata Kunci: Keunggulan Komparatif, Halal Hub, Indonesia
Great Power Politics and United States' Withdrawal from Afghanistan Wardoyo, Broto
Global Strategis Vol. 18 No. 1 (2024): Global Strategis
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jgs.18.1.2024.1-28

Abstract

On October 7, 2002, the United States (US) started their military operation in Afghanistan to seek Osama bin Laden, the leader of Al Qaeda (AQ) who was responsible for the September 11, 2001, terror attacks commonly referred to as the 9/11 attacks. US military operations in Afghanistan, however, remained active after Osama bin Laden was killed. In February 2020, the US signed an agreement with the Taliban, who provided sanctuary for Osama bin Laden and AQ, which practically ended their military operation in Afghanistan. This article seeks to explain why the US decided to sign an agreement with the Taliban even though both AQ and the Taliban are still in operation. This article argues that the US decision to sign the agreement and withdraw from Afghanistan is due to the need to reallocate resources as part of their retrenchment policy. Keywords: Great Power Politics, Retrenchment, Withdrawal, the United States, Afghanistan, Al Qaeda, Taliban Pada tanggal 7 Oktober 2001, Amerika Serikat (AS) memulai operasi militer di Afghanistan untuk mencari Osama bin Laden, pemimpin Al Qaeda (AQ) yang menjadi otak (mastermind) serangan teror 11 September 2001 atau dikenal sebagai serangan 9/11. Meski demikian, operasi militer AS di Afghanistan tidak berhenti setelah Osama bin Laden terbunuh. Operasi militer AS di Afghanistan terus dipertahankan hingga mereka memutuskan mundur dari negara tersebut setelah penandatanganan kesepakatan damai dengan Taliban di Doha pada bulan Februari 2020. Tulisan ini mempertanyakan mengapa AS mundur dari Afghanistan meski tujuan yang ingin mereka sasar di negara tersebut belum tercapai. AQ maupun Taliban, kelompok yang memberikan perlindungan bagi AQ, masih tetap ada dan beroperasi. Tulisan ini berargumen bahwa keputusan AS tersebut terkait dengan adanya kebutuhan untuk mengalihkan alokasi sumber daya sebagai bagian dari kebijakan retrenchment. Kata-kata Kunci: Pertarungan Negara Besar, Retrenchment, Penarikan Mundur, Amerika Serikat, Afghanistan, Al Qaeda, Taliban
Exploring the Future of Climate Change and Political Violence in Indonesia Ayanoglu, Harun Talha
Global Strategis Vol. 18 No. 1 (2024): Global Strategis
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jgs.18.1.2024.153-176

Abstract

This article investigates the complex dynamics between climate change and political violence, emphasizing their multifaceted relationship. Resorting to the three-pillar model distilled from the climate-conflict literature, it explores how climate change interacts with existing socioeconomic and political vulnerabilities, amplifying the risk of conflict. Focusing on Indonesia as a case study, the article examines the intersection of climate exposure, sociopolitical fragility, and terrorism. The country's exposure to sea-level rise, flooding, and water stress heightens concerns over food and water security, while the persistent threat of religiously motivated terrorism exacerbates the complexity. As global climate change accelerates, the potential for increased political violence grows. Mitigating these vulnerabilities and strengthening governance will be essential for Indonesia's resilience in the face of climate change. Keywords: Climate change, Political violence, terrorism, Indonesia Artikel ini menyelidiki dinamika yang rumit antara perubahan iklim dan kekerasan politik, dengan menekankan pada hubungan multi- dimensi yang dimiliki. Artikel ini meneliti bagaimana interaksi antara perubahan iklim dan kerentanan sosial ekonomi serta politik yang ada dapat memperbesar resiko konflik yang terjadi dengan menggunakan model tiga pilar yang didapatkan dari literatur tentang iklim dan konflik. Indonesia sebagai fokus dari studi kasus, artikel ini meneliti hubungan antara paparan iklim, kerapuhan sosial politik, dan terorisme. Paparan negara terhadap kenaikan permukaan air laut, banjir, dan kelangkaan air meningkatkan kekhawatiran terhadap ketersediaan pangan dan air, sementara ancaman terorisme yang terus berlanjut turut memperumit keadaan. Seiring dengan percepatan perubahan iklim global, potensi kekerasan politik yang terjadi turut meningkat. Upaya mitigasi terhadap kerentanan ini dan dengan memperkuat pengelolaan yang dilakukan akan menjadi penting untuk Indonesia dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim yang terjadi. Kata-kata Kunci: Perubahan Iklim, Kekerasan Politik, Terorisme, Indonesia

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