cover
Article Per Year (5 Year)
All
Home Page
OAI Link
Editorial Team
Contact
Reviewer
Google Scholar
Contact Name
Rachma Wikandari
Contact Email
rachma_wikandari@mail.ugm.ac.id
Phone
+6285712601130
Journal Mail Official
agritech@ugm.ac.id
Editorial Address
Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
Location
Kab. sleman,
Daerah istimewa yogyakarta
INDONESIA
agriTECH
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 02160455     EISSN : 25273825     DOI : 10.22146/agritech
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Agritech with registered number ISSN 0216-0455 (print) and ISSN 2527-3825 (online) is a scientific journal that publishes the results of research in the field of food and agricultural product technology, agricultural and bio-system engineering, and agroindustrial technology. This journal is published by Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta in colaboration with Indonesian Association of Food Technologies (PATPI).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 15 Documents
 1   2 
Search results for , issue "Vol 36, No 3 (2016)" : 15 Documents clear
Sifat Fisik Pati Ganyong (Canna edulis Kerr.) Termodifikasi dan Penambahan Gum Xanthan untuk Rerotian Parwiyanti Parwiyanti; Filli Pratama; Agus Wijaya; Nura Malahayati; Eka Lidiasari
agriTECH Vol 36, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (615.65 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.16606

Abstract

Modification of Canna starch through heat-moisture treatment (HMT) and gum xanthan (GX) treatment was conducted to improve the disadvantage of natural Canna starch in order to expand its usage in food industry, especially for bakery products. The research was arranged in a factorial randomized complete block design with three factors (temperature, incubation time, and GX concentrations) and three replications for each factor.  The modified Canna  starch by HMT possessed water content of 15 % as well as combination of temperature (80 °C and 100 °C), periods (8 and 16 hours) and concentration of GX (0; 0.5; 1; 1.5 and 2 %). The observed variables were the swelling power, water solubility index, water absorption index, baking expantion, and bulk density of modified Canna starch. The result showed that the modification of Canna starch by temperature, time of HMT and concentration GX produced modified starch with physical properties that significantly differ among treatments and natural starch.  Modified Canna starch by treatments of 80 °C, 8 hours, and 1 % xanthan gum concentration showed had swelling power 16.90 ± 0.48 g/g, water solubility index 10.28 ± 0.25 %, water absorption index 112.58 ± 0.38 %, baking expantion 0.94 ± 0.11 mL/g and bulk density 0.73 ± 0.026 g/mL which alike with wheat flour so that it can be further developed as wheat flour substitute on bakery products. ABSTRAKPenelitian modifikasi pati ganyong melalui perlakuan heat-moisture-treatment (HMT) dan penambahan gum xanthan (GX) dilakukan untuk memperbaiki kelemahan pati ganyong alami sehingga menjadi luas aplikasinya dalam industri pangan terutama produk rerotian.  Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dengan 3 perlakukan dan 3 ulangan.  Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah waktu (8 dan 16 jam), suhu (80 °C dan 100 °C), kadar air 15 % dan konsentrasi gum xanthan (0, 0,5; 1; 1,5; 2 %).  Data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam (ANOVA) pada α = 0,05, dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJ (α = 0,05). Parameter yang diamati swelling power (SP), indeks kelarutan dalam air (IKA), indeks absobsi air (IAA), derajat pengembangan (DP), dan densitas kamba (DK) pati ganyong termodifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modifikasi pati ganyong dengan kombinasi perlakuan suhu dan waktu HMT serta konsentrasi GX menghasilkan pati termodifikasi dengan sifat fisik yang berbeda nyata antar perlakuan maupun pati alaminya.  Modifikasi pati ganyong dengan HMT pada suhu 80 °C, waktu 8 jam, kadar air pati 15 % dan konsentrasi gum xanthan 1 % dapat menghasilkan pati ganyong yang sifat fisiknya mendekati tepung terigu kadar protein sedang dan berbeda dengan pati ganyong alami. Sifat fisik pati ganyong termodifikasi tersebut adalah SP 16,90 ± 0,48 g/g, IKA 10,28 ± 0,25 %, IAA 112,58 ± 0,38 %, DP 0,94 ± 0,11 mL/g, dan DK 0,73 ± 0,026 g/mL.
Peranan Usahatani Tembakau di Berbagai Agro Ekosistem terhadap Pendapatan Petani dan Kesempatan Kerja di Kabupaten Sampang, Jawa Timur Lia Verona; Supriyadi Tiortosuprobo
agriTECH Vol 36, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (462.692 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.16607

Abstract

Research on the role of tobacco farming various agro-ecosystems to the farmers’ income and employment opportunity was conducted in Sampang district, East Java regency of in 2009/2010 using the survey methods. Object of research was in the field of tobacco farming in one year, in order to know: (1) the level of farm income, (2) the contribution of tobacco farming to the farmers' income, and (3) the role of tobacco farming in the labor market. Location of the study in 12 villages of 6 districts of tobacco production centers. Farmer samples are tobacco farmers in the three agro-ecosystems (paddy fields, dry land, and mountainous/hills) planted tobacco. Of the three agro-ecosystems there were 5 dominant cropping system. Each type of cropping system was selected randomly 10 farmers sample,  so overall 50 farmers were selected as the sample of respondent, i.e: 20 tobacco farmers (paddy field), 10 tobacco farmers (dry land) and 20 tobacco farmers (mountainous/hills). Data on farming components were analyzed using to descriptive analysis and analysis of farming enterprise. Research findings indicate, total farmers in paddy fields, dry land and mountainous/hills were 6,192,354.00 IDR, 7,162,827.00 IDR, and 5,508,954.00 IDR. The total income from tobacco farming were 4,978,437.00 IDR, 5,233,159.00 IDR and 3,460,058.00 IDR. Tobacco farming in each ecosystem contributed 80 %, 73 %, and 63 % of total farmer income and contributions to the employment opportunity reached 59 %, 67 %, and 76 %. The conditions of income levels and labor absorption is relatively high showing that tobacco farming has the advantage of comparatively on rice farming and a secondary crops in tobacco traditional land. These conditions encourage the existence of a sustainable development of tobacco farming. ABSTRAKPenelitian peranan usahatani tembakau di berbagai agro ekosistem terhadap pendapatan petani dan kesempatan kerja dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Sampang Jawa Timur musim tanam 2009/2010 menggunakan metode survei. Obyek penelitian adalah usahatani di lahan tembakau dalam satu siklus usahatani selama satu tahun. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui: (1) tingkat pendapatan usahatani di berbagai agro ekosistem, (2) kontribusi usahatani tembakau terhadap pendapatan petani, dan (3) peranan usahatani tembakau terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja. Lokasi penelitian di 12 desa dari 6 kecamatan sentra produksi tembakau. Petani contoh adalah petani tembakau di tiga agro ekosistem (sawah, tegal, dan gunung/perbukitan) yang menanam tembakau dengan sistem pergiliran tanaman. Dari ketiga agro ekosistem teridentifikasi ada 5 tipe pola tanam dominan. Dari 5 tipe pola tanam yang tersebut, masing-masing dipilih dan ditetapkan secara acak sederhana (sampling random sample) sebanyak 10 petani contoh, sehingga secara keseluruhan terpilih 50 petani contoh sebagai responden (20 petani tembakau sawah, 10 petani tembakau tegal, dan 20 petani tembakau gunung/perbukitan). Data komponen kegiatan usahatani dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan analisis usahatani enterprise. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, usahatani di lahan sawah, tegal dan gunung/perbukitan dalam satu siklus usahatani, masing-masing menghasilkan pendapatan Rp 6.192.354,00, Rp 7.162.827,00, dan Rp 5.508.954,00. Total pendapatan ini diperoleh dari usahatani tembakau sebesar  Rp 4.978.437,00, Rp 5.233.159,00, dan Rp 3.460.058,00. Usahatani tembakau pada masing-masing agro ekosistem memberikan kontribusi pendapatan sebesar  80 %, 73 %, dan 63 % dan  penyerapan tenaga kerja 59 %, 67 %, dan 76 %.  Kontribusi pendapatan dan serapan tenaga kerja yang relatif tinggi menunjukkan bahwa usahatani tembakau memiliki keunggulan komparatif terhadap usahatani padi dan palawija di lahan tradisional tembakau. Kondisi ini mendorong eksistensi pengembangan usahatani tembakau secara berkelanjutan.
Pemodelan Matematik Kinerja Pengering Surya Efek Rumah Kaca (ERK)-Hibrid Menggunakan Rak Berputar secara Vertikal Sigit Triwahyudi; Bandul Suratmo; Budi Rahardjo; Leopold Oscar Nelwan
agriTECH Vol 36, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (997.581 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.16608

Abstract

This paper presents a performance test and mathematical modeling of greenhouse effect (GHE)-Hybrid solar dryer with vertical rotating rack. The dryer consists of a greenhouse dryer (1100 × 860 × 1300) mm with eight rack and additional heating system consists of a flat plate collector (1,04 m2), a hot water storage tank (197 liters) and a heat exchanger. To investigate the performance of solar greenhouse dryer, five experimental variation speed of rack were conducted (1, 4, 7, 10 rpm) and without rotation. Materials used in the experiment are local cardamom (Amomum cardamomum Wild). Weight of each experiment  about  9 to 10 kg. The average temperature of the hot water storage tank varies from 50.0 to 55.0 °C, drying air  temperature between 38.9 to 45.9 °C, while the relative humidity (RH) of drying chamber ranged from 32.1 to 47.4 %. Variation of rotational speed affects on the uniformity of product temperature and water content in each rack drying. At rotation 1 rpm  (experiment II), obtained  as the best conditions (temperature and moisture content are most uniform). Increasing rotational speed of rack causes increasing in standard deviation of  product temperature and moisture content. To simulate the performance of the dryer, mathematical modeling based on heat  and mass transfer and a thin layer drying  approaches were conducted. Equations solved numerically using the finite difference Euler with Visual Basic Application (VBA) program on Excel. Validation was conducted by comparing the calculation results of mathematical modeling (data prediction) with measurement data (data observation). Criterion validity was determined by  the value of the coefficient of determination (R2), the value of RMSD and MAPD. Mathematical models that have been developed can be described precisely the temperature of the hot water storage tank, temperature of the drying chamber, temperature of the product as well as a moisture content decrease. ABSTRAKMakalah ini menyajikan uji unjuk kerja dan pemodelan matematik pengering energi surya (ERK)-Hibrid  menggunakan  rak berputar secara vertikal. Pengering terdiri dari bangunan rumah kaca berukuran (1100 × 860 × 1300) mm dengan delapan buah rak dan sistim pemanas tambahan yang terdiri dari kolektor plat datar (1,04 m2), tangki penyimpan air panas (197 liter) dan penukar panas. Untuk mengetahuikinerja pengering energi surya, dilakukan lima kali percobaan variasi kecepatan putar rak (1, 4, 7, 10 ) rpm dan tanpa pemutaran rak. Bahan yang dipergunakan pada pengujian adalah kapulaga lokal (Amomum cardamomum Wild). Masing-masing percobaan seberat 9 sampai dengan 10 kg. Rata-rata suhu air tangki penyimpan panas bervariasi dari 50,0 sampai dengan 55,0 °C suhu ruang pengering antara 38,9 sampai dengan 45,9 °C, sedangkan kelembaban relatif (RH) ruang pengering berkisar antara 32,1 sampai dengan 47,4 %. Perlakuan pemutaran rak berpengaruh terhadap keseragaman suhu bahan maupun kadar air pada masing rak pengering. Pada perlakuan pemutaran 1 rpm (percobaan II), didapatkan kondisi terbaik (suhu bahan maupun kadar air yang paling seragam). Dengan kecepatan putar rak yang semakin meningkat menyebabkan nilai ragam suhu bahan maupun kadar air semakin meningkat. Untuk melakukan simulasi unjuk kerja dilakukan pemodelan matematik berdasarkan pindah panas dan massa serta pendekatan pengeringan lapisan tipis. Persamaan diselesaikan secara numerik menggunakan finite difference Euler dengan bantuan bahasa pemrograman Visual Basic Aplication (VBA) Excell. Validasi dilakukan dengan membandingkan antara perhitungan hasil pemodelan (data prediksi) dengan data hasil pengukuran (data observasi). Kriteria kevalidan ditentukan dengan melihat nilai koefisien determinasi (R2), nilai RMSD maupun nilai MAPD. Pemodelan  matematik yang telah dibangun dapat menggambarkan dengan tepat perubahan suhu air tangki penyimpan panas, suhu ruang pengering, suhu bahan maupun penurunan kadar air.
Pemodelan pada Pengeringan Pneumatik Mekanis Tepung Kasava: Hubungan Koefisien Pindah Panas dengan Variabel Pengeringan Yus Witdarko; Nursigit Bintoro; Bandul Suratmo; Budi Rahardjo
agriTECH Vol 36, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (989.929 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.16609

Abstract

In the cassava flour pneumatic drying process, mostly heat transfer occurred in convective mode. One of variables which could be used to evaluate the effectiveness of drying processperformance is heat transfer coefficient (h) during drying. The objectives of the research was to formulate a mathematical relationship between h and various pneumatic drying process variables of cassava flour by applying dimensional analysis. In the following research it had been constructed a pneumatic drying machine which was able to be according to the needed data that will be collected. Several parameters related to physical and thermal properties as well as operation of the drying machine were measured and used as the analysis variables was solved using dimensional analysis. Based on the result of the data, it was obtained that the relationship between h and the drying process variables could be expressed as follows  This equation had quite high coefficient of determination, so that it could be used to predict the heat transfer coefficient in pneumatic drying process. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the dimensionless product which had the largest effect on h was   .ABSTRAKPada proses pengeringan tepung kasava secara pneumatik, perpindahan panas terjadi terutama secara konveksi. Salah satu parameter yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas kinerja proses pengeringan tersebut adalah koefisien perpindahan panas (h) yang terjadi selama pengeringan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghubungkan secara matematis antara nilai h dengan beberapa variabel proses pengeringan pneumatik tepung kasava dengan menggunakan metode analisis dimensi. Pada penelitian ini telah dikonstruksi suatu mesin pengering pneumatik yang dirancang untuk dapat dilakukan pengaturan-pengaturan sesuai dengan kebutuhan data penelitian yang akan dikumpulkan. Beberapa parameter yang terkait dengan sifat fisik dan sifat thermis bahan serta operasional mesin pengering diukur dan digunakan sebagai variabel-variabel analisis yang diselesaikan dengan metode analisis dimensi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh hubungan antara nilai h dengan variabel-variabel proses pengeringan sebagai berikut    Persamaan tersebut mempunyai nilai koefisien determinasi yang cukup besar, sehingga dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi koefisien perpindahan panas pada pengeringan pneumatic. Hasil uji sensitivitas menunjukkan bahwa dimensionless product yang paling berpengaruh terhadap nilai h adalah    .
Karakteristik Edible Film Pati Sagu Alami dan Pati Sagu Fosfat dengan Penambahan Gliserol Febby Jeanry Polnaya; La Ega; Devidson Wattimena
agriTECH Vol 36, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (465.553 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.16661

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of several glycerol concentrations in the making of edible film from native and phosphate sago starch on physical, mechanical and barrier properties of the film. A completely randomized experimental design was applied in this study consisting of two factors of treatments, i.e.: native and phosphate sago starch, and the second factor was glycerol concentration with three levels of treatments, i.e.: 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 % (w/w). The films were characterized for tensile strength, elongation, solubility, transparency, and water vapor transmission rate. Edible films have produced characteristics for tensile strength from 3.05 to 31.49 MPa, elongation from 3.03 to 20.94 %, solubility from 33.44 to 42.43 %, transparency from 0.59 to 4.14 %, and water vapour transmission rate from 7.76 to 15.80 g/m2.h. Glycerol was found to affect the increase of elongation, solubility, and water vapour transmission rate, as well as the decrease of its tensile strength and transparancy. The films made from sago starch phosphate showed to increase the solubility and to have significant effect compared with native sago starch, but not affecting the other properties. ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh penambahan beberapa konsentrasi gliserol pada pembuatan edible film dari pati sagu alami dan pati sagu fosfat terhadap sifat fisik, mekanik dan barrier film. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri dari dua faktor yaitu perlakuan jenis pati sagu dengan dua taraf perlakuan yaitu: pati sagu alami dan pati sagu fosfat dan tiga taraf konsentrasi gliserol yaitu: 0,5, 1,0 dan 1,5 % (b/b). Peubah yang diamati adalah tensile strength¸ elongasi, daya larut, transparansi, dan laju transmisi uap air. Karakteristik edible film yang dihasilkan meliputi tensile strength adalah 3,05 - 31,49 MPa, elongasi 3,03 - 20,94 %, daya larut 33,44 - 42,43 %, transparansi 0,59 - 4,14 %, dan laju transmisi uap air 7,76 - 15,80 g/m2.jam. Penambahan gliserol menyebabkan elongasi, daya larut, dan laju transmisi uap air meningkat, tetapi tensile strength dan transparansinya menurun. Perlakuan pati sagu fosfat hanya menyebabkan daya larut film meningkat, tetapi tidak untuk sifat-sifat film lainnya.

Page 2 of 2 | Total Record : 15

 1   2 

Filter by Year

2016 2016


Reset
Filter By Issues
All Issue Vol 45, No 3 (2025) Vol 45, No 2 (2025) Vol 45, No 1 (2025) Vol 44, No 4 (2024) Vol 44, No 3 (2024) Vol 44, No 2 (2024) Vol 44, No 1 (2024) Vol 43, No 4 (2023) Vol 43, No 3 (2023) Vol 43, No 2 (2023) Vol 43, No 1 (2023) Vol 42, No 4 (2022) Vol 42, No 3 (2022) Vol 42, No 2 (2022) Vol 42, No 1 (2022) Vol 41, No 4 (2021) Vol 41, No 3 (2021) Vol 41, No 2 (2021) Vol 41, No 1 (2021) Vol 40, No 4 (2020) Vol 40, No 3 (2020) Vol 40, No 2 (2020) Vol 40, No 1 (2020) Vol 39, No 4 (2019) Vol 39, No 3 (2019) Vol 39, No 2 (2019) Vol 39, No 1 (2019) Vol 38, No 4 (2018) Vol 38, No 3 (2018) Vol 38, No 2 (2018) Vol 38, No 1 (2018) Vol 37, No 4 (2017) Vol 37, No 3 (2017) Vol 37, No 2 (2017) Vol 37, No 1 (2017) Vol 36, No 4 (2016) Vol 36, No 3 (2016) Vol 36, No 2 (2016) Vol 36, No 1 (2016) Vol 35, No 4 (2015) Vol 35, No 3 (2015) Vol 35, No 2 (2015) Vol 35, No 1 (2015) Vol 34, No 4 (2014) Vol 34, No 3 (2014) Vol 34, No 2 (2014) Vol 34, No 1 (2014) Vol 33, No 4 (2013) Vol 33, No 3 (2013) Vol 33, No 2 (2013) Vol 33, No 1 (2013) Vol 32, No 4 (2012) Vol 32, No 3 (2012) Vol 32, No 2 (2012) Vol 32, No 1 (2012) Vol 31, No 4 (2011) Vol 31, No 3 (2011) Vol 31, No 2 (2011) Vol 31, No 1 (2011) Vol 30, No 4 (2010) Vol 30, No 3 (2010) Vol 30, No 2 (2010) Vol 30, No 1 (2010) Vol 29, No 4 (2009) Vol 29, No 3 (2009) Vol 29, No 2 (2009) Vol 29, No 1 (2009) Vol 28, No 4 (2008) Vol 28, No 3 (2008) Vol 28, No 2 (2008) Vol 28, No 1 (2008) Vol 27, No 4 (2007) Vol 27, No 3 (2007) Vol 27, No 2 (2007) Vol 27, No 1 (2007) Vol 26, No 4 (2006) Vol 26, No 3 (2006) Vol 26, No 2 (2006) Vol 26, No 1 (2006) Vol 25, No 4 (2005) Vol 25, No 3 (2005) Vol 25, No 2 (2005) Vol 25, No 1 (2005) Vol 24, No 4 (2004) Vol 24, No 3 (2004) Vol 24, No 2 (2004) Vol 24, No 1 (2004) Vol 23, No 4 (2003) Vol 23, No 3 (2003) Vol 23, No 2 (2003) Vol 23, No 1 (2003) Vol 22, No 4 (2002) Vol 22, No 3 (2002) Vol 22, No 2 (2002) Vol 22, No 1 (2002) Vol 21, No 4 (2001) Vol 21, No 3 (2001) Vol 21, No 2 (2001) Vol 21, No 1 (2001) Vol 20, No 4 (2000) Vol 20, No 3 (2000) Vol 20, No 2 (2000) Vol 20, No 1 (2000) Vol 19, No 4 (1999) Vol 19, No 3 (1999) Vol 19, No 2 (1999) Vol 19, No 1 (1999) Vol 18, No 4 (1998) Vol 18, No 3 (1998) Vol 18, No 2 (1998) Vol 18, No 1 (1998) Vol 17, No 4 (1997) Vol 17, No 3 (1997) Vol 17, No 2 (1997) Vol 17, No 1 (1997) Vol 16, No 4 (1996) Vol 16, No 3 (1996) Vol 16, No 2 (1996) Vol 16, No 1 (1996) Vol 15, No 4 (1995) Vol 14, No 3 (1994) Vol 14, No 2 (1994) Vol 14, No 1 (1994) Vol 13, No 4 (1993) Vol 13, No 3 (1993) Vol 13, No 2 (1993) Vol 13, No 1 (1993) Vol 12, No 4 (1992) Vol 12, No 3 (1992) Vol 12, No 2 (1992) Vol 12, No 1 (1992) Vol 11, No 4 (1991) Vol 11, No 3 (1991) Vol 11, No 2 (1991) Vol 11, No 1 (1991) Vol 10, No 4 (1990) Vol 10, No 3 (1990) Vol 10, No 2 (1990) Vol 10, No 1 (1990) Vol 9, No 4 (1989) Vol 9, No 3 (1989) Vol 9, No 2 (1989) Vol 9, No 1 (1989) Vol 8, No 4 (1988) Vol 8, No 3 (1988) Vol 8, No 2 (1988) Vol 8, No 1 (1988) Vol 7, No 2 (1987) Vol 7, No 1 (1987) Vol 6, No 1 & 2 (1986) Vol 5, No 1 & 2 (1985) Vol 4, No 2,3, & 4 (1984) Vol 4, No 1 (1984) Vol 3, No 3 (1982) Vol 3, No 1 (1982) Vol 2, No 4 (1981) Vol 2, No 3 (1981) Vol 2, No 2 (1981) Vol 2, No 1 (1981) Vol 1, No 3 (1980) Vol 1, No 2 (1980) Vol 1, No 1 (1980) More Issue