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Global Medical and Health Communication
Published by Universitas Islam Bandung
ISSN : 23019123     EISSN : 24605441     DOI : https://doi.org/10.29313/gmhc
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Dentistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Nursing Public Health
Global Medical and Health Communication is a journal that publishes research articles on medical and health published every 4 (four) months (April, August, and December). Articles are original research that needs to be disseminated and written in English. Subjects suitable for publication include but are not limited to the following fields of anesthesiology and intensive care, biochemistry, biomolecular, cardiovascular, child health, dentistry, dermatology and venerology, endocrinology, environmental health, epidemiology, geriatric, hematology, histology, histopathology, immunology, internal medicine, nursing sciences, midwifery, nutrition, nutrition and metabolism, obstetrics and gynecology, occupational health, oncology, ophthalmology, oral biology, orthopedics and traumatology, otorhinolaryngology, pharmacology, pharmacy, preventive medicine, public health, pulmonology, radiology, and reproductive health.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 16 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 1, No 1 (2013)" : 16 Documents clear
Knowledge about Byssinosis and the Use of Face-Masks Titik Respati; Ganang Ibnusantosa; Meike Rachmawati
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 1, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1600.814 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v1i1.1510

Abstract

The development of textile industry in Indonesia can potentially increase some occupational diseases that caused by waste products. One of those waste products from textile industry is cotton dust, which can cause byssinosis. There are several ways to reduce cotton dust exposure, such as using face mask. This research aim to describe the relationship between employee’s knowledge about byssinosis with face mask utilization in spinning department of a textile factory. This research is a descriptive study with cross sectional approach. The subjects of this research are employees working on Spinning Department. Data gathered using questionnaire about byssinosis and the habit of using face mask. The result of this research shows that 52 (79%) of 66 respondents have excellent knowledge about byssinosis, meanwhile the other 14 (21%) show just enough knowledge. Almost all wear a face mask during working hour (92%). The result of chi-square method showed that the relation between employee’s knowledge about byssinosis and face mask utilization was really weak (p=0.001, contingency coefficient=0.381). The result of this research indicates that besides knowledge of byssinosis, there are other factors that can affect face mask utilization. PENGETAHUAN MENGENAI BISINOSIS DAN PEMAKAIAN MASKERPerkembangan industri tekstil di Indonesia berpotensi meningkatkan beberapa penyakit akibat kerja yang diakibatkan oleh buangan hasil industri. Salah satunya adalah debu kapas yang dapat menyebabkan bisinosis. Terdapat beberapa cara untuk mengurangi paparan terhadap debu kapas ini antara lain dengan menggunakan masker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan hubungan antara pengetahuan pekerja mengenai bisinosis dengan penggunaan masker pada departemen spinning sebuah pabrik tekstil. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Subjek penelitian ini adalah pekerja pada sebuah pabrik tekstil di bagian spinning. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner mengenai bisinosis dan kebiasaan menggunakan masker. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 52 orang (79%) dari 66 responden mempunyai pengetahuan yang sangat baik mengenai bisinosis, sedangkan sisanya hanya mempunyai pengetahuan yang cukup. Hasil dari perhitungan statistik menggunakan chi-kuadrat menunjukkan kekuatan hubungan antara pengetahuan mengenai bisinosis dan penggunaan masker sangat lemah (p=0,001, contingency coefficient=0,381). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat faktor lain yang memengaruhi penggunaan masker selain pengetahuan megnenai bisinosis. 
Kegagalan Terapi Infeksi HIV/AIDS dan Resistensi Antiretroviral Rachmat Sumantri
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 1, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1076.384 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v1i1.1513

Abstract

Kegagalan pengobatan infeksi human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ditandai dengan kegagalan virologis, kegagalan imunologis, dan memburuknya keadaan klinis penderita. Kegagalan virologis mendahului kegagalan lainnya dan ditandai dengan viral load yang tidak menurun setelah 48 minggu pengobatan antiretroviral (ARV). Kegagalan imunologis ditandai dengan CD4 yang menurun. Faktor yang berperan dalam kegagalan terapi ARV adalah kepatuhan, efek samping obat yang menyebabkan penghentian obat, absorbsi buruk, dosis suboptimal, serta resistensi virus. Virus HIV akan bermutasi dengan jenis mutasi yang khas untuk setiap jenis obat ARV. Pemeriksaan resistensi ARV terdiri dari dua cara, genotip dan fenotip. Pemeriksaan genotip adalah pemeriksaan terhadap mutasi, sedangkan pemeriksaan fenotip adalah pemeriksaan in vitro untuk melihat langsung suseptibilitas ARV. Mutasi virus untuk tiap obat berbeda, ditandai dengan penggantian asam amino pada suatu kodon. Misalnya untuk lamivudin bila terdapat mutasi M184V, artinya metionin pada kodon 184 diganti dengan valin. Pemeriksaan mutasi virus perlu dilakukan jika diduga terjadi virologic failure akibat resistensi ARV, obat ARV yang diberikan harus segera diganti. TREATMENT FAILURE IN HIV INFECTION/AIDS AND ANTI RETROVIRAL RESISTANCETreatment failure in HIV patient is usually marked by virological failure, immunological failure, and clinical deterioration of the patient. Virological failure preceded other failures and characterized by no decrease in viral load after 48 weeks of antiretroviral treatment. Immunological failure is characterized by  CD4 decreased. Factors contributed to the failure of ARV treatment are adherence to treatment, side effects of drugs that cause drug withdrawal, poor absorption, suboptimal dosage, as well as virus resistance. It is known that virus mutation is typical for every type of antiretroviral. HIV will mutate according to the type of mutation which is typical for each type of ARV drugs. ARV resistance examination consists of two methods, genotype and phenotype. Genotype detection is the examination to detect mutation, whereas phenotype detection is the direct examination of in vitro susceptibility to anti retroviral drugs. Mutation of the virus from each drug is different, characterized by amino acid replacement at a codon. For example, when lamivudine M184V mutation is found, methionine at codon 184 is replaced by valine. Examination of viral mutation should be done if virological  failure is suspected to cause ARV resistance and the suspected drug should immediately be replaced.
Exploration of Methadone and HIV Treatment for Injecting Drug Users in West Java, Indonesia: Lessons from Practice Igor van Laere; Teddy Hidayat; Rudi Wisaksana
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 1, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1558.447 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v1i1.1509

Abstract

Over the last decade, Indonesia became one of the fastest growing injecting drug user (IDU) driven HIV epidemics in Asia. Among strategies to prevent and control the HIV epidemic in Indonesia, methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) has been established and could become an entry point for HIV testing and treatment in IDUs. This study explored MMT and HIV treatment practices in West Java. An evaluation team visited six MMT clinics, interviewed staff and collected data on patient characteristics, methadone dose, and HIV testing and treatment practices. By October 2011, from 203 IDUs entering MMT (range 7–73 per clinic), 95% were male with the average age of 31 years (range 19–60 years), 92% had a senior high school or higher diploma, 47% had a regular income, and 55% were married. The mean methadone dose was 79 mg/day (range 13–208 mg/day). About 85% of the MMT patients were tested for HIV, of whom 70% were found HIV positive (121/173), while 59% had a baseline CD4 count >200 cells/mm3 and 65% were receiving ART. In conclusion, few IDUs entered MMT in West Java and among those who did; high HIV and ART rates were reported, stressing the need for active linking between harm reduction services and integrated MMT and HIV treatment for IDUs.
Nilai Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) Sebagai Petunjuk Ketaatan Minum Obat pada Penderita HIV Rudolf Andean Manullang; Rudi Wisaksana; Rachmat Sumantri
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 1, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2241.541 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v1i1.1511

Abstract

Pengobatan antiretroviral (ARV) pada penderita HIV mengubah secara dramatis prognosis penderita HIV tetapi memerlukan ketaatan pengobatan yang sempurna. Hingga saat ini penilaian ketaatan pengobatan ARV merupakan hal yang sulit dikerjakan karena ketiadaan metode penilaian yang ideal tetapi dapat digunakan sehari-hari di klinik. Pada penderita HIV yang mendapat pengobatan ARV, evaluasi ketaatan minum obat ARV sangat penting. Ketidaktaatan minum obat pada penderita HIV memberikan konsekuensi yang beragam, seperti kegagalan pengobatan, resistensi obat, dan terbentuk strain virus baru. Kegagalan pengobatan yang terjadi akan menimbulkan efek besar terhadap penderita dan keluarganya dari segi ekonomi maupun sosial mengingat sebagian besar penderita HIV adalah pria usia produktif. Evaluasi ketaatan minum obat dengan optimal lebih baik dibandingkan dengan menunggu terjadi kegagalan virologis. Nilai mean corpuscular volume (MCV) merupakan parameter hematologis yang sederhana dan dapat membantu proses evaluasi ketaatan minum obat. Perlu diperhatikan pada penderita HIV yang mendapat obat zidovudin atau stavudin, tidak terdapat makrositosis sebelum pengobatan, dan keadaan medis atau obat lain yang dikonsumsi penderita yang berpengaruh pada nilai MCV. Pemeriksaan viral load, CD4, dan keadaan klinis penderita tetap merupakan parameter utama yang harus digunakan dalam menilai respons pengobatan di sarana yang memadai. MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME (MCV) AS AN ASSESSMENT OF ADHERENCE TO ANTI RETROVIRAL TREATMENT IN HIV PATIENTSAnti retroviral (ARV) in HIV patients dramatically changed the prognosis of patients with HIV but requires perfect adherence to treatment. Until now the assessment of adherence to ARV treatment is difficult because ideal method of assessment to use in day-to-day practice is unavailable. Adherence to treatment for HIV patients receiving ARV is very important since the inconstancy resulted in in several problem such as treatment failure, drug resistance, and development of new virus strain. Treatment failure will resulted in magnitude effect both for the patients and family since patients usually are productive age males. To evaluate treatment adherence is much better than waiting for virology failure. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) value is a basic hematology parameter that can be used to evaluate the process of treatment adherence. The use of this parameter needed to take into account patients with zidovudine or stavudine treatment, ensure there is no macrocytosis before treatment and other medical status or drug consumed which can contribute to MCV value. Viral load, CD4, and patients clinical status still become the main parameter to be used to evaluate treatment responses on HIV patients in adequade facilities.
Korelasi Jumlah CD4 dan Total Lymphocyte Count (TLC) pada Penderita HIV/AIDS dengan dan tanpa Terapi Antiretroviral Ivana Agnes Sulianto; Agnes R. Indrati; Rudi Wisaksana; Noormartany Noormartany
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 1, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1399.512 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v1i1.1516

Abstract

Jumlah CD4 merupakan parameter laboratorium yang digunakan untuk memulai dan memantau terapi antiretroviral (ART) pada penderita HIV/AIDS. Pemeriksaan jumlah CD4 membutuhkan peralatan laboratorium yang mahal dan tenaga terlatih. World Health Organization (WHO) merekomendasikan total lymphocyte count (TLC) sebagai pengganti CD4 dalam memulai terapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat korelasi antara jumlah CD4 dan TLC pada data dasar, pemantauan pertama dan kedua penderita HIV/AIDS sebagai dasar digunakannya TLC untuk pemantauan terapi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dan bagian dari penelitian kohort IMPACT (Integrated Management for Prevention And Care and Treatment of HIV/AIDS) pada pasien HIV/AIDS di RS Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Data tersebut dibagi menjadi kelompok tanpa ART dan dengan ART, masing-masing kelompok dibagi berdasarkan jenis kelamin. Analisis korelasi dilakukan pada data CD4 dan TLC dari tiap kelompok. Penelitian ini menggunakan 2.239 data. Korelasi antara CD4 dan TLC pada data dasar pria tanpa ART adalah 0,644 (p=0,01), wanita tanpa ART adalah 0,74 (p=0,01), pria dengan ART 0,67 adalah (p=0,01), wanita dengan ART adalah adalah 0,601 (p=0,01). Korelasi antara CD4 dan TLC pemantauan pertama pria tanpa ART 0,56 (p=0,01), wanita tanpa ART adalah 0,606 (p=0,01), pria dengan ART adalah 0,569 (p=0,01), wanita dengan ART adalah 0,466 (p=0,01). Korelasi antara CD4 dan TLC pemantauan kedua pria tanpa ART adalah 0,697 (p=0,01), wanita tanpa ART adalah 0,306 (p=0,01), pria dengan ART adalah 0,556 (p=0,01), wanita dengan ART adalah 0,561 (p=0,01). Simpulan, terdapat korelasi yang baik antara jumlah CD4 dan TLC, sehingga TLC dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pemantauan terapi sebelum penderita melakukan pemeriksaan CD4. CORRELATION OF CD4 AND THE TOTAL NUMBER OF LYMPHOCYTE COUNT (TLC) IN HIV/AIDS PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPYCD4 count is a marker for initial and follow up antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV/AIDS patients. It requires expensive equipment and skill to performed. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends total lymphocyte count (TLC) as a substitute marker for CD4 count to start ART. The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between CD4 count and TLC in baseline and follow up data as a guide for follow up therapy. This study was an analytical observational study of HIV/AIDS patients data in Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung. It is part of IMPACT (Integrated Management for Prevention And Care and Treatment of  HIV/AIDS) study. The sample of 2,239  was divided into non ART and ART groups. The data was analyzed using correlation analysis. The results showed that the correlation between CD4 and TLC at baseline in male without ART was 0.644 (p=0.01), female without ART was 0.74 (p=0.01), male with ART was 0.67 (p=0.01), and female with ART was 0.601 (p=0.01). The correlation between CD4 and TLC at first follow up in male without ART was 0.056 (p=0.01), female without ART was 606 (p=0.01), male with ART was 0.569 (p=0.01), female with ART was 0.466 (p=0.01). The correlation between CD4 and TLC at second follow up in male without ART was 0.697 (p=0.01), female without ART was 0.306 (p=0.01), male with ART was 0.556 (p=0.01), female with ART was 0.561 (p=0.01). In conclusion, there is a good correlation between CD4 count and TLC so that TLC can be used as an alternative marker for follow up therapy.
Konseling Adherence untuk Pengobatan Infeksi HIV/AIDS: Perlukah? Nirmala Kesuma
Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC) Vol 1, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1755.235 KB) | DOI: 10.29313/gmhc.v1i1.1512

Abstract

Pengobatan antiretroviral (ARV) untuk infeksi human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodefisiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) adalah pengobatan seumur hidup dengan tujuan menekan replikasi HIV dalam darah, sehingga tidak terdeteksi dengan pemeriksaan laboratorium dan pada akhirnya akan memperbaiki kualitas hidup penderita. Kegagalan terapi masih sering terjadi oleh karena ketidakpatuhan (adherence) untuk minum obat ARV. Kriteria minum ARV dengan adherence yang baik harus memenuhi ketepatan waktu minum obat, dosis obat yang benar, dan jumlah pil yang harus diminum. Pengobatan dikatakan baik apabila dalam jangka waktu sebulan semua kriteria di atas mencapai 95%. Untuk memastikan adherence minum ARV diperlukan konseling sebelum mulai minum obat. Konseling meliputi edukasi, informasi, dan dukungan emosional terhadap pasien. Sejak diberlakukannya konseling adherence di Klinik Teratai, angka kematian pasien menurun dari 13,6% pada tahun 2006 menjadi 4,3% pada tahun 2009. Simpulan, hasil penelitian di Klinik Teratai RS Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung menunjukkan pentingnya pasien menjalani konseling adherence sebelum memulai terapi ARV.ADHERENCE COUNSELLING FOR HIV INFECTION/AIDS TREATMENT: IS IT NECESSARY?Anti retroviral treatment (ART) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/acquired immunodefficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a life-long treatment with the goal of the suppression of virus replication to achieve patient improved quality of life. Unfortunatelly, number of treatment failures among patient receiving ART is still high because of poor adherence. The criteria for good adherence include taking the pills in the exact time, using exact doses and number of pills. To be considered good, the level of adherence should be more than 95% during monthly treatment. Adherence counselling is an important intervention for the patient before starting ARV treatment. Counseling provides education, information and emotional support to patients. Since adherence counseling was conducted in Teratai Clinic, the number of death was significantly decreased from 13,6% in 2000 to 4,3 % in 2009. Clinical results of studies in Teratai Clinic Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung shows the importance of adherence counselling before starting ARV treatment.

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