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INDONESIA
Jurnal Litbang Industri
Published by Kementerian Perindustrian Republik Indonesia
ISSN : 22523367     EISSN : 25025007     DOI : 10.24960
Core Subject : Engineering,
Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
Jurnal Litbang Industri (JLI) adalah jurnal ilmiah yang terbit secara berkala dua kali setahun pada bulan Juni dan Desember. JLI memuat artikel primer yang bersumber langsung dari hasil riset industri, olahan hasil pertanian, penanggulangan pencemaran industri. Semua naskah direview oleh mitra bestari. Jurnal Litbang Industri Padang diterbitkan oleh Balai Riset dan Standardisasi industri Padang, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Industri, Kementerian Perindustrian Republik Indonesia. p-ISSN: 2252-3367 e-ISSN: 2502-5007
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Articles 9 Documents
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Search results for , issue " Vol 7, No 2 (2017)" : 9 Documents clear
Sintesis Asam Etoksi Lignosulfonat sebagai Surfaktan dari Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Ardinal, A
Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol 7, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Institution for Industrial Research and Standardization of Industry - Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (708.475 KB) | DOI: 10.24960/jli.v7i2.3369.81-91

Abstract

Synthesis of ethoxy lignosulfonic acid as a surfactant from a waste of palm oil empty fruit bunch was aimed to isolate lignin, studying the ethylation of the lignin and sulfonation of the alkyl lignin to produce ethoxy lignosulfonic acid moreover to investigate its activity as the surfactant. At first, lignin was isolated from the waste of palm oil empty fruit bunch by sulfate method, then lignin was alkylated with diethylsulfate (DES), and the resulted ethoxy lignin was sulfonated using sodium bisulfite. Each product was characterized by FT-IR and the success of the sulfonation was proven by SEM-EDX. Surfactant test properties included: determination of critical micelle concentration (CMC) with turbidimetry method, foam stability, emulsions index and emulsion stability. Lignin isolation gave lignin as light brown solid in 27.8% yield. Alkylation reaction of lignin with diethyl sulfate produced ethoxy lignin in 83.0% yield. Sulfonation of ethoxy lignin using sodium bisulfite afforded ethoxy lignosulfonic acid in 88.5% yield. It was known that there was a significant increase in oxygen percentage at the sulfonation process. Ethoxy lignosulfonic acid as the surfactant has CMC of 1.6 g/L, the surfactant concentration of 1.5 g/L gave stable foam for 100 minutes, the surfactant has an emulsion index of 35% in a gasoline-water system and 56% in the cooking oil-water system. The emulsion on both systems was stable for four days of measurement.ABSTRAKSintesis asam etoksi lignosulfonat sebagai surfaktan dari limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dilakukan dengan tujuan mengisolasi lignin dari TKKS, mempelajari etilasi terhadap lignin dan sulfonasi terhadap etoksi lignin untuk menghasilkan asam etoksi lignosulfonat serta uji aktifitasnya sebagai surfaktan. Lignin diisolasi dari TKKS dengan metode sulfat, lalu dialkilasi dengan dietil sulfat (DES) dan disulfonasi dengan natrium bisulfit. Tiap produk dikarakterisasi dengan FT-IR dan untuk mengetahui keberhasilan sulfonasi diketahui dengan SEM-EDX. Uji sifat surfaktan yang dilakukan antara lain: penentuan konsentrasi kritis misel (KKM) dengan metode turbidimetri, pengukuran kestabilan busa, indeks emulsi dan kestabilan emulsi. Isolasi lignin dari TKKS menghasilkan padatan cokelat terang lignin dengan rendemen 27,8%. Alkilasi lignin dengan DES menghasilkan etoksi lignin dengan rendemen 83,0%. Sulfonasi etoksi lignin dengan natrium bisulfit menghasilkan asam etoksi lignosulfonat dengan rendemen 88,5%. Keberhasilan reaksi sulfonasi etoksi lignin dikonfirmasi dari kenaikan persen atom oksigen menggunakan SEM-EDX. Senyawa asam etoksi lignosulfonat sebagai surfaktan memiliki KKM 1,6 g/L, pada konsentrasi surfaktan 1,5 g/L dan volume busa stabil selama 100 menit. Surfaktan asam etoksi lignosulfonat memiliki indeks emulsi 35% pada sistem bensin-air dan 56% pada sistem minyak goreng-air. Emulsi yang terbentuk pada kedua sistem stabil selama empat hari pengukuran.
Front Matter Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol. 7 No. 2 Desember Tahun 2017 Sofyan, Sofyan
Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol 7, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Institution for Industrial Research and Standardization of Industry - Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (4710.494 KB) | DOI: 10.24960/jli.v7i2.3565.%p

Abstract

Front Matter Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol. 7 No. 2 Desember Tahun 2017
Karakteristik Sponge Cake Berbahan Dasar Tepung Beras Merah, Hitam, dan Putih dari Beberapa Daerah di Sumatera Barat Anggraini, Tuty; Dewi, Yossie Kharisma; Sayuti, Kesuma
Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol 7, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Institution for Industrial Research and Standardization of Industry - Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (407.909 KB) | DOI: 10.24960/jli.v7i2.3378.123-136

Abstract

Pigmented rice such as red and black rice contains bioactive compound including flavonoids that can act as antioxidants. However, the use of red and black rice has not been as popular as white rice thus need to improve the utilization of these type of rice. The alternative is conducted by increasing the fiber and antioxidant intake. Red and black rice can be utilized as the main material to make sponge cake. West Sumatera had many cultivars of black, red, and white rice. The research was aimed to know the antioxidant activity, polyphenols, anthocyanin and the physical characteristics of the sponge cake from different varieties of red, black, and white rice from some areas in West Sumatra. The results showed that the sponge cake of black rice had the highest value of antioxidants, polyphenols, and anthocyanin as well as the physical characteristics compared to sponge cake of red and white rice. Sponge cake of black rice from Solok Selatan was the best product with antioxidant activity 44.94%, at a concentration 1000 ppm, total polyphenols 13.79%, and anthocyanin content 10.31 mg/l.ABSTRAKBeras berpigmen seperti beras merah dan beras hitam mengandung sejumlah komponen bioaktif, seperti senyawa flavonoid yang dapat berperan sebagai antioksidan. Namun, penggunaan beras merah dan hitam belum sepopuler beras putih sehingga perlu dilakukan suatu alternatif untuk meningkatkan pemanfaatan jenis beras tersebut guna meningkatkan asupan serat dan antioksidan. Beras merah dan beras hitam dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan utama dalam pembuatan sponge cake. Sumatera Barat memiliki banyak kultivar beras hitam, merah dan putih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan, kadar polifenol, antosianin serta karakteristik fisik sponge cake dari berbagai varietas beras merah, hitam dan putih dari beberapa daerah di Sumatera Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sponge cake beras hitam memberikan nilai antioksidan, kadar polifenol dan antosianin yang lebih tinggi, serta karakteristik fisik yang lebih baik dibanding sponge cake beras merah dan putih. Spongecake dari beras hitam varietas Solok Selatan dipilih menjadi produk terbaik dengan aktivitas antioksidan 44,94% pada konsentrasi 1000 ppm,total polifenol 13,79% dan kandungan antosianin 10,31 mg/L.
Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Tinta Serbuk Printer Berbahan Baku Arang Aktif dari Limbah Padat Pengolahan Gambir Purnomo, Yudo; Sy, Salmariza; Muchtar, Hendri; Kumar, Robby
Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol 7, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Institution for Industrial Research and Standardization of Industry - Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (589.059 KB) | DOI: 10.24960/jli.v7i2.3242.71-80

Abstract

Research on the utilization of tannins and catechins of gambier has been done a lot. There is no research report however that examines the utilization of gambier processing solid waste. The objective of the research was to utilize the solid waste of gambier processing as a raw material of printer toner. The research was done through pyrolysis process of solid waste with temperature variation 400, 500, 600oC and time variation 30, 60 minutes. The highest carbon content was obtained 42% with 400oC temperature and 60 minutes. The pyrolysis process of the gambier solid waste was further carried out at the optimum temperature and time. The charcoal was activated with H3PO4 at concentrations 0; 5; and 10% for 24 hours, cooled and washed to remove residual of H3PO4, then drying in the oven at temperature 115oC for 24 hours. Size reduction process used a ball milling for 2 hours with speed 500 rpm. Fixed carbon content was obtained between 43-51%. The results of morphological testing by scanning electron microscope showed that the produced carbon powder had not a uniform size yet. The average particle size was between 5-10 µm with polydispersity index 0.9. The most mineral elements of carbon powder analysis using XRF were Ca, Mg, K, Si, Fe, and P. Testing of print quality based on ISO/IEC 19752:2004 using laser jet printers had not provided optimal results yet.ABSTRAKPenelitian pemanfaatan tanin dan katekin gambir telah banyak dilakukan. Namun, belum dilaporkan penelitian yang mengkaji pemanfaatan limbah padat pengolahan gambir. Tujuan penelitian adalah memanfaatkan limbah padat pengolahan gambir sebagai bahan baku pembuatan tinta serbuk printer. Penelitian dilakukan melalui proses pirolisis limbah padat dengan variasi suhu 400, 500, 600oC dan variasi waktu 30, 60 menit. Kadar karbon terikat tertinggi diperoleh sebesar 42% dengan suhu pirolisis 400oC selama 60 menit. Proses pirolisis limbah padat gambir selanjutnya dilakukan pada suhu dan waktu optimal tersebut. Arang aktif dilakukan aktifasi menggunakan aktifator H3PO4 pada konsentrasi 0, 5 dan 10% selama 24 jam, kemudian didinginkan dan dicuci untuk menghilangkan sisa H3PO4, dan selanjutnya dikeringkan dalam oven pada suhu 115 oC selama 24 jam. Proses penghalusan menggunakan ball milling selama 2 jam dengan kecepatan 500 rpm. Hasil pengujian kadar karbon terikat berkisar antara 43-51%. Hasil pengujian morfologi dengan alat Scanning Electron Microscope) memperlihatkan serbuk karbon yang dihasilkan belum mempunyai ukuran seragam. Ukuran partikel serbuk rata-rata 5-10 µm dengan indek polidispersitas sebesar 0,9. Kandungan unsur mineral yang terbanyak dari hasil analisis serbuk karbon adalah unsur Ca, Mg, K, Si, Fe, dan P. Uji coba kualitas cetak berdasarkan ISO/IEC 19752:2004 menggunakan printer laser belum memberikan hasil yang optimal.
Aplikasi Isolat Bakteri Indigenous Ubi Kayu Karet (Manihot glaziovii) pada Fermentasi Pembuatan Mocaf Kamsina, K; Nurmiati, N; Periadnadi, P
Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol 7, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Institution for Industrial Research and Standardization of Industry - Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (563.377 KB) | DOI: 10.24960/jli.v7i2.3390.111-121

Abstract

Indigenous bacteria isolate of cassava rubber (Manihot glaziovii) is an isolate of native bacteria which is available in rubber cassava tubers. Rubber cassava tuber is a cassava with a high content of cyanide acid (HCN). The study was aimed to see the ability of indigenous bacteria isolate of cassava cultivar rubber (BUG1) on mocaf making fermentation. This study used a completely randomized design with treatments (A) addition of starter indigenous bacteria isolates of rubber variety (BUG1), (B) without isolates, and (C) without  fermentation. The resulting mocaf product was conducted a chemical tests consisted of moisture, ash, starch, acid degree, coarse fiber, and HCN content, while organoleptic tests consisted of color, aroma, and texture. The analysis results on the various treatments showed that the optimal treatment of mocaf flour produced was the addition of indigenous bacteria isolate starter of rubber variety (BUG1).ABSTRAKIsolat bakteri indigenous ubi kayu karet (Manihot glaziovii) merupakan isolat bakteri asli yang berada dalam umbi ubi kayu karet. Ubi kayu kultivar  karet merupakan ubi kayu dengan kandungan asam sianida (HCN) tinggi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari kemampuan isolat bakteri indigenous ubi kayu kultivar karet (BUG1) pada fermentasi pembuatan mocaf. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan (A) pemberian starter isolat bakteri indigenous varietas karet (BUG1), (B) tanpa isolat, dan (C) tanpa fermentasi. Terhadap produk mocaf  yang dihasilkan dilakukan uji kimia meliputi kadar air,  abu, pati, derajat asam, serat kasar, dan kadar HCN, sedangkan uji organoleptik meliputi warna, aroma, dan tekstur. Hasil analisis terhadap berbagai perlakuan menunjukkan perlakuan optimal untuk tepung mocaf  yang dihasilkan adalah pemberian starter isolat bakteri indigenous varietas karet (BUG1).
Pengaruh Penggunaan Sukrosa dan Penstabil Karboksi Metil Selulosa (CMC) terhadap Mutu dan Gingerol Jahe Instan Firdausni, F; Hermianti, Wilsa; Kumar, Robby
Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol 7, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Institution for Industrial Research and Standardization of Industry - Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (376.437 KB) | DOI: 10.24960/jli.v7i2.3364.137-146

Abstract

Ginger contains gingerol which is very useful in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Gingerol has an ability as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Processing of ginger into instant ginger can make it easy in presentation and the stability of ginger availability. The research was aimed to get the technology and manufacturing process of instant ginger products with good quality and a high content of gingerol. The study was conducted with the treatment of sucrose addition 100% granulated sugar, the ratio of granulated sugar and palm sugar (3:1) and (1:1), and the addition of stabilizer carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) namely control (0%), 0.5%, and 1%. The results showed that the addition of sugar as a source of sucrose and the addition of stabilizers CMC could affect the product quality. The treatment of granulated sugar and palm sugar ration (3:1) and the addition of stabilizers CMC 1% produced an optimum result with water content 1.54%, ash content 0.73%, sugar content 76%, total dissolved solids 97,01%, total acid 0.16%, as well as analysis of 6,8,10 gingerol was 1.240 mg g-1; 0.045 mg g-1; 0.070 mg g-1respectively and 6 shogaol 0.175 mg g-1. ABSTRAKJahe mengandung gingerol yang sangat bermanfaat dalam industri farmasi dan makanan. Gingerol memiliki kemampuan sebagai antioksidan dan antiinflamasi. Pengolahan jahe menjadi jahe instan akan memudahkan dalam penyajian dan stabilitas ketersediaan jahe. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan teknologi proses dan pembuatan produk jahe instan dengan mutu baik serta kandungan gingerol yang tinggi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan perlakuan variasi penambahan sukrosa yaitu gula pasir 100%, perbandingan gula pasir dan gula aren (3:1) dan (1:1), serta penambahan penstabil karboksimetil selulosa (CMC), yaitu kontrol, 0,5%, dan 1%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan variasi gula sebagai sumber sukrosa dan penambahan penstabil CMC dapat mempengaruhi mutu produk. Perlakuan pemakaian gula pasir : gula aren (3:1) dan penambahan penstabil CMC 1% memberikan hasil optimal dengan kadar air 1,54%, kadar abu 0,73%, kadar gula 76%, total padatan terlarut 97,01%, total asam 0,16 %, serta analisis 6,8,10 gingerol berturut turut, yaitu 1,240 mg/g; 0,045 mg/g; 0,070 mg/g; dan 6 shogaol 0,175 mg/g.
Efek Pemordanan terhadap Pewarnaan Menggunakan Kombinasi Limbah Cair Gambir dan Ekstrak Kayu Secang pada Kain Rayon dan Katun Failisnur, F; Sofyan, S; Kumar, Robby
Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol 7, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Institution for Industrial Research and Standardization of Industry - Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (324.127 KB) | DOI: 10.24960/jli.v7i2.3541.93-100

Abstract

Combination of gambier liquid waste and secang wood (Caesalpinea sappan L.) can add color variations of fabric dyed with natural dyes. This research explained the effect of dyeing combination of gambir liquid waste and secang wood with different mordant method and type on the color shade and other characteristics of rayon and cotton dyed fabric. The mordant process was performed as much as 1 and 2 times using CaO, Al(2SO4)3, FeSO4 mordant and then compared without mordant treatment. The result of the dyed fabrics was evaluated the color shade, color strength (K/S), and fastness properties. The results showed that the color shade of rayon and cotton fabrics were varied. Rayon fibers had a greater affinity and absorption to the liquids waste of gambier and secang wood than in cellulose fibers. The mordant process could increase color strength (K/S) and color fastness to washing, acidic perspiration, rubbing, and light.ABSTRAKKombinasi limbah cair gambir dan kayu secang (Caesalpinea sappan L.) dapat menambah variasi warna kain yang dicelup dengan pewarna alami. Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang efek pewarnaan kombinasi limbah cair gambir dan kayu secang dengan metoda dan  jenis mordan yang berbeda terhadap arah warna dan karakteristik lainnnya dari kain rayon dan katun hasil celupan. Proses mordan yang digunakan adalah 1 kali dan 2 kali mordan menggunakan CaO, Al(2SO4)3, FeSO4 yang dibandingkan dengan tanpa mordan. Kain hasil pewarnaan dievaluasi arah warna, intensitas warna (K/S), dan ketahanan luntur warna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan arah warna kain rayon dan katun yang lebih bervariasi. Serat rayon memiliki afinitas dan penyerapan yang lebih besar terhadap zat warna limbah cair gambir dan kayu secang dibandingkan dengan serat selulosa.  Proses mordan dapat meningkatkan intensitas warna (K/S) dan ketahanan luntur warna terhadap pencucian, keringat asam, gosokan, dan sinar.
Pemanfaatan Gambir sebagai Bahan Dasar Pembuat Tinta Spidol Ramah Lingkungan Anova, Inda Three; Muchtar, Hendri
Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol 7, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Institution for Industrial Research and Standardization of Industry - Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (311.266 KB) | DOI: 10.24960/jli.v7i2.3368.101-109

Abstract

Gambier can be used as a raw material for the manufacture of eco-friendly ink. This study was aimed to produce an alternative marker ink which is safer for the environment and human health. The current ink products generally contain volatile organic compound the chemical that can damage health. The study was done in several stages, raw material preparation, gambier extraction, color pigment making, ink formulation, and continued with stirring by used a high-speed homogenizer for the best formula. Variations of stirring speed were 1000, 1500, 2000 rpm and stirring time 10, 20, 30 minutes. The results showed that the best ink was obtained from the homogenization process with stirring time 30 minutes and speed 1000 rpm. The composition of gambier pigment 85%, glycerol 3%, polyethylene glycol 2%, propylene glycol 5%, and the addition of preservatives crystal violet 1%. The characteristics of markers ink were size particles 15.44 d.nm with a poly diversity index 0.186 and specific gravity 1.0254, black color ink, homogeneous, writings were not disjointed, and 6 minutes dry time.ABSTRAK Gambir dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan tinta spidol  yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan tinta spidol alternatif yang lebih aman bagi lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia. Tinta yang diproduksi saat ini pada umumnya masih mengandung volatile organic compound yang merupakan bahan kimia yang dapat merusak kesehatan. Pembuatan tinta dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap yaitu persiapan bahan baku gambir, pengekstrakan gambir, pembuatan pigmen warna, pembuatan formula tinta, dan dilanjutkan dengan pengadukan menggunakan alat high speed homogenizer untuk formula terbaik. Variasi kecepatan pengadukan adalah 1000, 1500, 2000 rpm dan lama pengadukan 10, 20, 30 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tinta spidol yang terbaik diperoleh dari proses homogenisasi dengan waktu pengadukan 30 menit pada kecepatan 1000 rpm. Komposisi pigmen gambir 85%, gliserin 3%, polietylen glikol 2%, dan propilen glikol 5% serta penambahan pengawet kristal violet 1%. Karakteristik tinta spidol berupa partikel dengan ukuran 15,44 d.nm dengan indek polidiversitas 0,186 dan berat jenis 1,0254, tinta berwarna  hitam, homogen, tulisan tidak terputus-putus dan waktu kering 6 menit.
Back Matter Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol. 7 No. 2 Desember Tahun 2017 Sofyan, Sofyan
Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol 7, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Institution for Industrial Research and Standardization of Industry - Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (639.227 KB) | DOI: 10.24960/jli.v7i2.3563.%p

Abstract

Back Matter Jurnal Litbang Industri Vol. 7 No. 2 Desember Tahun 2017

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