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INDONESIA
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal
Published by The Prodia Education and Research Institute
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Public Health
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 1, No 1 (2009)" : 8 Documents clear
Development of Immunopathobiogenesis on SIRS-Sepsis A Guntur Hermawan
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v1i1.80

Abstract

Over the past decade, sepsis has been diagnosed according to consensus guidelines established in 1991 as an infection in addition to the symptoms of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). In addition to the previous criteria, the 2001 conference added several new diagnostic criteria for sepsis. Of particular interest was the inclusion of the biomarkers procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP), despite the overall conclusion that it was premature to use biomarkers for sepsis diagnosis. The primary recommendation of the panel was the implementation of the Predisposition, insult Infection, Response, and Organ dysfunction (PIRO).The immune system has traditionally been devided into innate and adaptive components, each of which has a different role and function in defending the host against infectious agents. Stimulation of different TLRs induces distinct patterns of gene expression, which not only leads to the activation of innate immunity but also increasing evidence supports an additional critical role for TLRs in orchestrating the development of adaptive immune responses.The superantigens are able to induce toxic shock syndrome and can sometimes cause multiple organ failure via adaptive immune system. The superantigenic activity of the bacterial exotoxins can be attributed to their ability to cross-link major histocompatibility complex class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells outside the peptide groove with T-cell receptors to form a trimolecular complex. This trimolecular interaction leads to uncontrolled release of a number of proinflammatory cytokines. Proinflammatory cytokines especially IFN-γ and TNF-α, the key cytokines causing toxic shock syndrome.KEYWORDS: sepsis, innate immunity, adaptive
Biochemical Markers for Differential Diagnosis of Stroke: A Biochemical Markers Study of S100B Protein, Neuron Spesific Enolase (NSE), Myelin Basic Protein (MBP), and Heart-Type Fatty Acid Binding Protein (H-FABP) Evy Liswati; Andi Wijaya; Teguh A. S. Ranakusuma
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v1i1.85

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Differential diagnosis between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, which determine how to treat the patients, was performed by CT-Scan. CT-Scan is not always available in all Indonesian health care facility. Other alternative using biochemical markers needed to be studied.METHODS: In total of 44 stroke patients consist of 25 ischemic and 19 hemorrhagic strokes according to CTScan, participated in this study. S100B Protein, NSE, MBP and H-FABP concentration in the blood of each stroke patient was determined.RESULTS: Among the biochemical markers used, only MBP at cut off point 0,712 ng/ml could be used for diagnosing hemorrhagic from ischemic stroke for serum samples obtained until 72 hours after onset of the stroke. If samples could be obtained within 24 hours, S100B Protein and MBP could be used for diagnosing hemorrhagic from ischemic stroke. If both markers increased (S100B Protein >7.55 pg/ml and MBP >0.109 ng/ml) sensitivity and specificity would be 77.8% and 84.6% respectively.CONCLUSIONS: MBP and S100B Protein are promising markers for differential diagnosis of hemorrhagic from ischemic stroke. Using serum samples obtained within 24 hours after onset and multiple markers (MBP and S100B Protein) will improved diagnostic performance of the test.KEYWORDS: Stroke, S100B Protein, Neuron Specific Enolase, Myelin Basic Protein, and Heart-Type Fatty Acid Binding Protein
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): Study of biochemical markers Free Fatty Acid (FFA), Total Antioxidant Status (TAOS), Adiponectin, Transforming Growth Factor (TGF-beta1), in occurence of NASH Agus Sulaeman; A Rifai Amiruddin; Gatot Susilo Lawrence
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v1i1.81

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in USA and Makassar are 22% and 23.7%. The prevalence of Non Alcoholic Steatosis Hepatosis (NASH) in MetS has not been reported. Study in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is 25–90 % in obesity patients. In NASH, there is accumulation of lipid in hepatocyte (raised free fatty acid level), raised stress oxidative (decreased total antioxidant status), raised of inflammation process (decreased adiponectin) and hepatic fibrotic process (raised TGF β1). The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation of free fatty acid, total antioxidant status, adiponectin and TGF-β1 with the occurrence of NASH.METHODS: This was a case control study in man aged ≥30 years old. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined by IDF categories. NASH was defined as fatty liver plus raised type IV collagen level ≥140 ng/ml and Alanine Transferase (ALT) level 1.5x upper normal limit.RESULT: The samples consisted of 8 MetS subjects, 11 MetS subjects with fatty liver and 2 MetS subjects with suspect NASH. Low level of adiponectin and high level free fatty acid led to progression from Fatty Liver (FL) to NASH. Level of total antioxidant and Level of TGF-β1 were relatively steady in NASH.CONCLUSION: The level of Free Fatty acid in subjects with MetS-FL was higher than in subjects with MetS, but was lower than in subjects with MetS-NASH. No difference in total antioxidants status level was observed among all groups. Level of adiponectin decreased in subjects with MetS-FL and MetS-NASH compared with subjects with MetS only. The level of TGF-β1 increased in subjects with MetS-FL more than in subjects with MetS only, and was steady low in subjects with MetS-NASH.KEYWORDS: metabolic syndrome, NASH, free fatty acid, total antioxidant status, adiponectin, transforming growth factor β1
Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein, Soluble-Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, Procalcitonin, and Protein C Activity and Clinical Outcome in Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) or Sepsis Patients Dewi Muliaty; Irawan Yusuf; A Guntur Hermawan
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v1i1.87

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Biochemical markers may be used in diagnosis, prognostic and monitoring treatment and therapy for sepsis patients. In this study we used Lipopolysacharide Binding Protein (LBP), serum-Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1), Procalcitonin (PCT) and protein C activity. LBP is related to lipopolysachharide or gram-negative bacterial endotoxin which bound to LBP and induced inflammatory response. ICAM-1 is associated with endothelial dysfunction in response to systemic inflammatory and septic condition. PCT increased in bacterial infection and in severe systemic inflammatory. Role of Protein C is protecting the intravascular system to systemic inflammation, sepsis and the concomitant intravascular coagulopathy. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between levels of serum LBP, sICAM-1, PCT, and protein C activity with the clinical outcome of SIRS or sepsis patients.METHODS: We included 19 post surgery patients with SIRS criteria from intensive care unit (ICU) and evaluated the level of LBP serum with Chemiliuminescent Enzyme Immunoassay (Diagnostic Product Co.), ICAM-1 with ELISA (R&D System), PCT with immunochromatography (BRAHMS), protein C activity with chromogenic method (Dade Behring). We performed the samples serially at the first admission of patients and after 72 hours. Data were analysed by non-parametric with Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney test. Correlation study between biomarkers calculated by Kendall’s tau and Spearman’s rho.RESULTS: Of 19 patients, 9 (47,4%) died and 10 (52,6%) surviving. The level of LBP serum decreased after 72 hours in surviving-sepsis patients, and increased in nonsurviving sepsis patients with significant different levels at 72 hours examination (P<0.05). The level of soluble-ICAM-1 which was high in the first admission showed in non-surviving sepsis patients, but the difference levels was not significant between surviving and non-surviving patients (P>0.05). In all patients were found high level of PCT serum since the first admission examination, decreasing levels were occurred significantly in surviving patients after 72 hours (P<0.05) where high PCT levels were found in non-surviving patients after 72 hours. The median level of plasma protein C activity was low at the first admission especially in non-surviving sepsis patients, the decreasing level was not significantly different after 72 hours (P>0.05) both in surviving and non-surviving patients.CONCLUSIONS: Increasing level of LBP and PCT in sepsis patients showed that those biomarkers useful for predict the clinical outcome in sepsis patients. Decreasing protein C activity level was not a good predictor in worsening clinical outcomes. Soluble ICAM-1 level was not a good marker for predict risk of sepsis severity. LBP and PCT tests were more useful in serially testing from the first admission of sepsis patients, those tests are more faster than bacterial culture.KEYWORDS: Sepsis, SIRS, Lipopolysachharide Binding Protein, soluble- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, Procalcitonin, Protein C
Association of Obesity and Breast Cancer Risk: The Role of Estrogen, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, and Adiponectin as Risk factors (preliminary study) Ampi Retnowarnadi; Siti Boedina Kresno; Mansyur Arif
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v1i1.82

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer diagnosed among women. Many factors influence the carcinogenesis of breast cancer. The aim of this study to analyze the role of obesity (waist circumference and body mass index), serum Estradiol levels, TNF-α, and Adiponectin in the occurrence of breast cancer.METHODS: This was observational study with casecontrol design. Eleven breast cancer patients as cases and twelve Fibroadenoma Mammae (FAM) patients as controls were analyzed. The serum Estrogen, TNF-α and Adiponectin were examined in their association with breast cancer risk.RESULTS: Women with breast tumor and waist circumference > 80 cm have significantly higher breast cancer risk than women with breast tumor and waist circumference <80 cm (OR 8.75; 95% CI=1.24-61.88; p=0.029). Women with breast tumor and higher serum TNF-α levels (>2.30 pg/ml) have higher breast cancer risk (19.25 times) than women with breast tumor and have lower serum TNF-α levels (95% CI=1.77-209.55, p=0.015). Whereas, women with breast tumor and lower Adiponectin/TNF-α ratio (< 2.13) have higher breast cancer risk (22.5 times) than women with breast tumor and higher Adiponectin/TNF-α (95% CI=2.60-194.51; p=0.005).CONCLUSION: These results suggest that high concentration of serum TNF-α, waist circumference >80 cm and low Adiponectin/TNF-α ratio in women with breast tumor are significantly associated with an increased risk for breast cancer.KEYWORDS: Obesity, breast cancer, adiponectin/TNF-α ratio
The Correlations Between Concentrations of Myeloperoxidase, Serum Amyloid-A Protein and Scretory Phospolipase A-2 with Proinflammatory HDL in Healthy Male Person Marita Kaniawati; Andi Wijaya; Anwar Susanto
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v1i1.83

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Low-HDL cholesterol is a risk factor of CAD. Although levels of HDLC are within normal limit in some patients, they suffer CAD. These normal HDL-C levels might become pro-inflammatoric. This study is to measure the correlations between myeloperoxidase (MPO), serum amyloid-A (SAA) protein, and secretoryphospholipase-A2 (sPLA2) with inflammatory status of HDL-C.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study recruited 49 subjects with high HDL-C (> 40 mg/dL) and 31 subjects with low HDL-C (< 40 mg/dL). HDL-C was determined into antiinflammatory and proinflammatory based on levels of Apo A-1 and hs-CRP. Concentrations of MPO, SAA and s-PLA2 were measured by ELISA method. Levels of Apo A-1 was determined by immunoturbidimetric method. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done using inflammatory status of HDL-C as dependent variables and levels of MPO, SAA, sPLA2, ages, total cholesterol and triglycerides as independent variables.RESULTS: Patient’s age was 43.4 + 8.3 year, HDL-C was 43.1 + 9.5 mg/dL, Apo A-1 was 128.3 + 21.5 mg/dL, hs-CRP was 1.92 + 3.0 mg/dL. Concentrations of MPO, SAA and sPLA2 successively were 63.2 + 16.9 ng/mL, 7015.6 + 5021.1 ng/mL and 1340.2 + 406.3 pg/mL. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that SAA is an independent predictor of pro-inflammatory status of HDL-C in high HDL-C group with prevalence ratio of 11.74 (95% CI : 2.51 – 54.84; P = 0.002). In contrast, MPO and sPLA2 were not independent predictor with PR of 1.26 (95% CI : 0.30 – 5.23; P = 0.75) and of 0.94 (95% CI : 0.23 – 3.91; P = 0.93).CONCLUSIONS: SAA is an independent predictor of pro-inflammatory HDL-C even in subjects with high HDL-C.KEYWORDS: Atherosclerosis, Apo A-I, serum amyloid A protein, secretory phospholipase A2, myeloperoxidase
Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptors and The Metabolic Syndrome Anna Meiliana; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v1i1.79

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a growing threat to global health by virtue of its association with insulin resistance, inflammation, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, collectively known as the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The nuclear receptors PPARα and PPARγ are therapeutic targets for hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance, respectively, and drugs that modulate these receptors are currently in clinical use. More recent work on the PPARδ has uncovered a dual benefit for both hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance, highlighting the broad potential of PPARs in the treatment of metabolic disease.CONTENT: We have learned much about PPARs, the metabolic fat sensors, and the molecular pathways they regulate. Through their distinct tissue distribution and specific target gene activation, the three PPARs together control diverse aspects of fatty acid metabolism, energy balance, insulin sensitivity glucose homeostasis, inflammation, hypertension and atherosclerosis. These studies have advanced our understanding of the etiology for the MetS. Mechanisms revealed by these studies highlight the importance of emerging concepts, such as the endocrine function of adipose tissue, tissue-tissue cross-talk and lipotoxicity, in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and CVD.SUMMARY: The elucidation of key regulators of energy balance and insulin signaling have revolutionized our understanding of fat and sugar metabolism and their intimate link. The three ‘lipidsensing’ (PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ) exemplify this connection, regulating diverse aspects of lipid and glucose homeostasis, and serving as bonafide therapeutic targets.KEYWORDS: Peroxisome Proliferator, Activated Receptor, Metabolic Syndrome
Elevated Serum Neopterin is Associated with Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Acute Coronary Syndromes Anwar Santoso; Sri Wardani; Ketut Surayana
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v1i1.84

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Neopterin is a soluble biomarker of monocyte activation and its increased concentration might be expressed in atherosclerosis. Until recently, there has been lacking of information on the prognostic role of neopterin in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The study was aimed at measuring the associations between elevated serum neopterin and increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events in ACS.METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study, recruited 71 ACS patients from January 31 through August 31, 2007 in Sanglah Hospital of Udayana School of Medicine, Denpasar – Bali. Cardiovascular events, such as: CV death, recurrent myocardial infarction, stroke and recurrent myocardial ischemia were previously defined. Relative risk and survival rate were measured successively by Cox proportional model and Kaplan-Meier curve.RESULTS: Of 71 ACS patients aged 56.8 ± 9.5 years, 21 (29.5%) subjects underwent CV events. Overall mean followup was 151.6 (95% CI: 129.7 – 173.5) days. Baseline characteristic were similarly distributed between groups with the highest quartile neopterin level (≥ 14.7 nmol/L) than those with lowest quartile (≤ 6.2 nmol/L). Patients with the highest quartile had the worst survival curve than those with the lowest quartile (log-rank test; P = 0.047). On Cox proportional model, relative risk of highest quartile group was 5.84 (95% CI: 1.19 – 28.47; P = 0.029) compared to lowest quartile, after being adjusted with other predictors.CONCLUSIONS: Elevated serum neopterin is associated with increased risk of CV events in acute coronary syndromes.KEYWORDS: neopterin, cardiovascular events, acute coronary syndromes

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