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INDONESIA
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal
Published by The Prodia Education and Research Institute
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Public Health
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 1, No 2 (2009)" : 8 Documents clear
The Analysis of Asymetric Dimethylarginine and Homocysteine in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Tetty Hendrawati; Syakib Bakri; Mansyur Arif
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 1, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v1i2.96

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is a competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). ADMA reduces NO synthesis when its concentration elevates. ADMA is a novel risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Plasma ADMA accumulates in patients with endstage renal disease, due to reduced renal clearance. Hyperhomocysteinemia is often found in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Homocysteine may cause ADMA to accumulate; however, the mechanism by which ADMA level elevates in hyperhomocysteinemia is still unclear. Objective of this study was to analyze the concentrations of homocysteine and ADMA and to assess the correlation between homocysteine and ADMA concentrations with the severity of chronic kidney disease.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study on 75 patients with CKD, comprising men and women aged 40-70 years. Assessments were done on the concentrations of creatinine, homocysteine, ADMA, fasting blood glucose, cholesterol HDL and triglyceride.RESULTS: In later stage of CKD there was significantly higher tHcy concentration as compared with the earlier stage of CKD (p=0.0000). In CKD stage 2 to 4 there was a tendency for ADMA concentration to increase to a significant average (p=0.210), but ADMA concentration was lower at stage 5. There was increased ADMA along with increased tHcy concentration of around 20μ mol/L, and this then decreased. The inverse correlation between tHcy and ADMA concentrations started to appear in CKD stage 4, but this correlation was statistically insignificant (r2 =0.19; p=0.499).CONCLUSIONS: This study showed there was a correlation between homocysteine and ADMA concentrations in patients with CKD stage 2 to 5, although statistically not significant.KEYWORDS: Asymetric Dimethylarginine, Homocysteine, Chronic Kidney Disease
Relations Between Atherogenic Index of Plasma, Ratio of Small Dense Low Density Lipoprotein/Lecithin Cholesterol Acyl Transferase and Ratio of Small Dense Low Density Lipoprotein/Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein of Controlled and Uncontrolled Type 2 DM Ellis Susanti; Marsetio Donosepoetro; Gatot Susilo Lawrence
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 1, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v1i2.92

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Patients with Diabetes Melitus are proven to be prone to atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, especially type 2 Diabetes Melitus (T2DM) patient who have higher risk and mortality for cardiovascular risk factor. The Dyslipidemia condition is very common in T2DM as one of the risk factors. Diabetic dyslipidemia is marked by the increased triglyceride (TG), low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and increased small dense LDL and apolipoprotein B. Therefore the aim of this study is to assess the differential and correlation between Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), ratio of small dense low density lipoprotein (sdLDL)/lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) and ratio of sdLDL/cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) of controlled and uncontrolled T2DM.METHODS: This study was observational with cross sectional design. In total of 72 patients with T2DM consist of 36 controlled and 36 uncontrolled, participated in this study. The serum TG, HDL-C, sdLDL, LCAT and CETP were examined in their relationship with to T2DM risk.RESULTS: The results of the study indicate that the AIP (p<0.001) increase controlled and uncontrolled T2DM and the ratio of sdLDL/CETP (p=0.004), odds ratio of AIP was 4 (95% CI : 1.501-10.658) and odds ratio of sdLDL/CETP ratio was 4 (95% CI : 1.501-10.658) in uncontrolled T2DM.CONCLUSION: This study showed that the AIP and ratio of small dense LDL/CETP had a significant correlation with the uncontrolled T2DM. The AIP and ratio of small dense LDL/CETP increase was found at the uncontrolled T2DM to be 4 times greater than the controlled T2DM.KEYWORDS: T2DM, atherosclerosis, atherogenic index of plasma, small dense LDL, LCAT, CETP, ratio of sdLDL/LCAT, ratio of sdLDL/CETP
Relationship of Endothelin-1, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha and Interleukin-6 with the Progression of Heart Failure Mona Yolanda; Marsetio Donosepoetro; Anwar Santoso
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 1, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v1i2.93

Abstract

BACKGROUNDS: Heart failure, a new epidemic of cardiovascular disease, has become an important issue and its prognosis is poor. Heart failure is the condition where the impaired heart cannot pump enough blood to provide the needs of metabolic tissues and organs. Early diagnosis of heart failure is really crucial to determine the success of treatment and to prevent further myocardial dysfunction and worsening clinical symptoms. This condition can be worsened by ET-1, which triggers the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α as pro inflammation factors. In Systolic Heart Failure, systolic function changes are accompanied by changes in diastolic function. Thus, the condition of systolic heart failure is worse than Diastolic Heart Failure. The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship of ET-1 with diastolic and systolic heart failure groups and the relationship of ET-1 with TNF-α and IL-6 as pro inflammation factors.METHODS: The design of this study was cross-sectional analysis on 62 patients with heart failure, grouped according to the classification of diastolic and systolic heart failure.RESULTS: A significant positive correlation of ET-1 with diastolic and systolic heart failure was found (p=0.008; r=0.324). A significant positive correlation was also found between ET-1 and IL-6 (p=0.001; r=0.393), but a less significant correlation was noted between ET-1 and TNF-α (p=0.201; r=-0.158).CONCLUSIONS: ET-1 has the strongest correlation (p=0.033) with prevalence ratio 3.930 and can differentiate between Diastolic and Systolic Heart Failure.KEYWORDS: Endothelin-1 (ET-1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), heart failure
Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Diabetic Vasculopathy Anna Meiliana; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 1, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v1i2.89

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The discovery of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) a decade ago by Asahara, et al has refuted the previous belief that vasculogenesis only occurs during embryogenesis. The reduced circulating concentration of EPCs is a surrogate marker of endothelial function and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many vascular diseases.CONTENT: Diabetes is linked to impaired vascular function, including alterations in both endothelial cells and EPCs. A number of studies have shown that individuals with diabetes have decreased level of circulating EPCs and that the severity of disease is inversely proportional to EPC levels. In vitro, hyperglycemia increases the rate of EPC senescence and the angiogenic function of EPCs from patients with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes is impaired such that they are poorly proliferative and fail to incorporate into forming vessel-like structures. Given the comprehensive role of EPC alterations in diabetes complications, modulation of the levels and/or function of EPCs may be considered a potential therapeutic strategy.SUMMARY: The available data demonstrating that decrease or dysfunction of EPCs may have a prominent role in the pathogenesis of all diabetes complications. Further approaches, such as EPC administration, may represent novel treatments for diabetic vasculopathy in the future. To date, many barriers remain to such a therapeutic approach. Firstly, there is no specific marker for EPC at present. Secondly, techniques of EPC isolation are not standardized, preventing direct comparison between various studies. The long-term effects of transplanted EPCs are currently unknown.
Relationship Between gamma-Glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) with High Sensitive C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), Oxidized (Ox-LDL) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) on Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Patient Marissa Arifin; Marsetio Donosepoetro; Sutomo Kasiman
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 1, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v1i2.94

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Recent clinical studies have suggested that γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) can trigger oxidative stress within the plaque. This study aimed to investigate whether serum γ-GT might be as a risk factor of coronary heart disease (CHD), and measure the associations of serum γ-GT with high sensitive C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), Oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx).METHODS: This study recruited 48 patients aged 30-70 year who underwent coronary angiography at Haji Adam Malik Medical Center at Medan between February and April 2008 and who presented at least one coronary stenosis of > 50% of the luminar diameter. The sample subjects were consecutively selected.RESULTS: γ-Glutamyltransferase was positively associated (r = 0.546) with hs-CRP as a marker of chronic inflammation after careful adjustment for other established risk factors in CHD patient. But, there was no significant difference between γ-GT in male and female patients. Further, there were no correlations between γ-GT and Ox-LDL and GPx. Ratio of γ-GT/GPx was measured as well, and it was associated with hs-CRP.CONCLUSIONS: Ratio of γ-GT/GPx was associated with inflammation process in coronary heart disease patients.KEYWORDS: γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT), inflammation, oxidative stress, coronary heart disease
The Role of High Concentration of Resistin in Endothelial Dysfunction Through Induction of Proinflammatory Cytokines Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Chemokin Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 (MCP-1) Anna Meiliana; Ilhamjaya Patellongi; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 1, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v1i2.90

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Many previous studies have reported that central obesity is related to inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. It has also been reported that resistin can induce proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, which can result in endothelial dysfunction, although the role of resistin in human remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the role of resistin in influencing the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and chemokin MCP-1 in nondiabetic, central obese individuals. Results of this study are hoped to be useful to make a strategy for early prevention of endothelial dysfunction especially in obese individuals.METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study on 73 non diabetic obese male subjects (waist circumferences >90 cm). Resistin, hs-TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, VCAM-1 were assessed by ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows v.11.5 with significance p<0.05. The correlations among biomarkers were assessed using Spearman’s Rho test.RESULTS: The study results showed a significant correlation between resistin and TNF-α (r=0.274, p<0.005), and a significant correlation between TNF-α and IL-6 (r=0.430, p<0.001). It was found that high concentration of resistin caused the concentration of TNF-α , IL-6 and MCP-1 to increase, and affected the increase of VCAM-1 (p=0.0030), A significant correlation between waist circumference and inflammation (hsCRP, r=0.296, p<0.005; IL-6, r=0.374, p<0.001 and HOMA IR, r=0.331, p<0.001) was also found.CONCLUSION: This study showed that the role of resistin in endothelial dysfunction occurred at a high concentration of resistin through induction of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and chemokin MCP-1. We suggest that inflammation in obesity starts with a positive feedback loop mechanism between resistin and TNF-α.KEYWORDS: obesity, inflammation, adipocytokines, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule–1
Biochemical Markers for Determining Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque in Stenotic Patient: Biochemical Markers Study of Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Matrix Metallo-Proteinase-9 (MMP-9), Secretory Phospholipase A2 (SPLA2) and CD40 Ligand Tommy Heryantho; Andi Wijaya; Teguh Santoso
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 1, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v1i2.95

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Thrombus is a main cause of cardiac death. Therefore identifying which coronary artery plaque is vulnerable to rupture is a critical step for cardiac intervention to prevent future cardiac events. Systemic biochemical markers are used for predicting rupture of coronary plaque or identifying stenotic coronary artery plaque(s) vulnerable to rupture.METHODS: Blood samples of 2x24 locations (2x10 controls, 2x12 stable plaques and 2x2 unstable plaques) of 13 patients to undergo stent placement were taken from an artery which showed no stenosis (control), 70% or more stenosis of stable plaques and unstable plaques, respectively. The blood samples were taken by using microcatheter distally and proximally. Concentrations of MPO, MMP-9, SPLA2 and CD40L of each sample were assayed.RESULTS: Concentration of MMP-9 in unstable coronary artery plaque (94.7+14.4 ng/ml) significantly increased compared with that of stable coronary artery plaque (71.0+67.8 ng/ml, p=0.024). SPLA2 concentration significantly decreased in unstable coronary artery plaque (45.9+14.0 pg/ml) compared with that of stable coronary artery plaque (80.9+39.3 pg/ml, p=0.015). Nine of ten studied subjects showed an average of 14.5% (range: 0.0-28.8%) decrease of the SPLA2 concentration in stable plaques compared with that of the non-stenotic coronary artery.CONCLUSION: MMP-9 increased in unstable coronary artery plaque compared with that of stable coronary plaque. Unstable coronary artery plaques absorbed SPLA2 from the vasculars more than the stable plaques and control plaques. MMP-9 and SPLA2 may be used as markers of stability of a plaque in coronary artery in relation to its rupture potential.KEYWORDS: stable and unstable plaque, myeloperoxidase, matrix metalloproteinase-9, secretory phospholipase A2, CD40 Ligand
Association of Free Fatty Acid (FFA), Fatty Acid Binding Protein (FABP) and Adiponectin with Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Among Obese Non Diabetic Males Yani Lina; Gatot Susilo Lawrence; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 1, No 2 (2009)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v1i2.91

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically in recent years. It is commonly associated with type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and hypertension. White adipose tissue (WAT) is a major site of energy storage and is important for energy homeostasis. WAT has been increasingly recognized as an important endocrine organ that secretes a number of biologically active “adipokines”. The resultant higher FFA, FABP4, FABP5 concentration; and lower concentration of adiponectin is known to be correlated with inflammation. The aim of this study was to observe the correlation between FFA, FABP4, FABP5 and adiponectin with TNF-α and Interleukin-6 as markers of inflammation.METHOD: The study was observational with a cross sectional design. The analysis was done on 69 male subjects aged 30-60 years with non diabetic abdominal obesity which is characterized by waist circumference (WC) 98.7±6.5 cm and fasting blood glucose 87.1±9.7 mg/dL. FFA testing was performed by enzymatic colorimetric assay; whereas FABP4, FABP5, TNF-α, adiponectin and IL-6 were performed by ELISA. All statistical calculations were performed with the SPSS 11.5 statistical software package. We used the Pearson or Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient to assess the correlation between various anthropometric and biochemical measures. We also used path analysis Lisrel 8.30 for Windows.RESULT: This study revealed that there was no correlation between FFA, FABP4 and adiponectin with TNF-α and Interleukin-6, whereas there was correlation between FABP5 with TNF- and Interleukin-6. This study also showed there were correlations between WC and hsCRP (r=0.314, p=0.000), WC and IL-6 (r=0.276, p=0.022), FFA and FABP4 (r=0.263, p=0.029), FABP4 and WC (r=0.249, p =0.039), FABP4 and BMI (r=0.311, p=0.009), FABP5 and TNF- (r=0.408, p=0.000), FABP5 and FABP4 (r=0.296, p=0.014), FABP5 and Interleukin-6 (r=0.248, p=0.04), Adiponectin and HDL-Cholesterol (r=0.301, p=0.012).CONCLUSION: Abdominal obesity might contribute to inflammation in obese nondiabetic males. This study indicated that in abdominal obesity, FFA may induce inflammation through FABP4 and FABP5. Advancing our understanding of the function and measurement of FABP4 and FABP5 serum concentration will give insight into the clinical diagnosis of obesity-related metabolic disorders.KEYWORDS: Obesity, Waist Circumference, Free Fatty Acid (FFA), Fatty Acid Binding Protein (FABP), Adiponectin, TNF-α, Interleukin-6, Inflammation

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