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INDONESIA
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal
Published by The Prodia Education and Research Institute
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Public Health
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 15, No 5 (2023)" : 10 Documents clear
Viability, Migration Rate, and mRNA Expression of GLUT5, GLUT7, GLUT11 in WiDr Colorectal Cancer Cell Line Nurul Hidayah; Ika Yustisia; Rosdiana Natzir; Lia Hafiyani; Ilhamuddin Ilhamuddin; Hijral Aswad; Marhaen Hardjo
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 5 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i5.2534

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Insufficient glucose levels in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients leads to a condition where fructose might become an alternative source for cells proliferation, but the role of fructose or fructose-glucose combinations in development of CRC has not been elucidated well. In this study, the effect of fructose-glucose variations on viability, migration, and glucose transporter (GLUT)5, GLUT7, GLUT11 mRNA expressions in WiDr CRC cell line were examined.METHODS: Cells were treated with varying ratios of fructose-glucose (F100%; F75%:G25%; F50%:G50%; F25%:G75%; G100%; F: Fructose, G: Glucose). Untreated cells (F0:G0) were used as cell control. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used for cell viability test, scratch assay was used to examine the cell migration, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to examine mRNA expressions. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed with Tukey's post-hoc test, with p<0.05 consideres as significant.RESULTS: Fructose-glucose combinations and glucose 100% significantly increased the cell viability compared to control (p<0.05). All treatment groups showed a significant increase in cell migration compared to control (p=0.000). Only GLUT7 and GLUT11 expressions in the G100% group were significantly different compared to the control (p=0.000). GLUT7 and GLUT11 expressions were also significantly different in F100% and F50%:G50% treatments compared to G100% (p=0.000).CONCLUSION: Taken together, fructose might play important role in cell migration. However, in cell viability, combination with glucose could increase fructose's effect. Fructose might not affect the mRNA expressions of GLUT5, GLUT7 and GLUT11.KEYWORDS: GLUT5, GLUT7, GLUT11, fructose transporter, colorectal cancer, WiDr
Osimertinib as a Potential Targeted Therapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC) Patients with EGFR Exon 20 T790M Nur Zam Zam; Harun Iskandar; Nur Ahmad Tabri; Arif Santoso; Nurjannah Lihawa; Harry Akza Putrawan; Ferry Sandra
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 5 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i5.2431

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Emergence of drug resistance due to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) Exon 20 T790M poses a challenge in the effective management of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Significant breakthrough in the management of NSCLC with a specific genetic alteration causes substantial condition improvement in patients whose cancer progressed after first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment and who developed tumors with EGFR Exon 20 T790M mutation. The present study analyzed a cohort of NSCLC patients and investigated the incidence of the EGFR Exon 20 T790M status with Osimertinib therapy, along with its impact on survival rates.METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study on 22 NSCLC subjects who were genetically examined for EGFR status from plasmic cell free total nucleic acid. Subjects with EGFR Exon 20 T790M mutation were treated with/without Osimertinib. Demographic and clinical data were descriptively summarized, and the differences of each variable and correlation between survival rate and EGFR Exon 20 T790M were analyzed.RESULTS: Subjects with (n=13) and without (n=9) EGFR Exon 20 T790M had survival rates of 10.77±2.45 and 4.78±1.48, respectively (p=0.000). Based on 1-year survival status of subjects with EGFR Exon 20 T790M, there were 3 Osimertinib-treated survivors and 2 Osimertinib-treated non-survivors. Eight subjects with EGFR Exon 20 T790M and without Osimertinib treatment did not survive (p=0.001).CONCLUSION: Since the treatment of Osimertinib demonstrated a noteworthy survival rate among NSCLC subjects with EGFR Exon 20 T790M, thus Osimertinib could be suggested as a potential targeted therapy for NSCLC subjects with EGFR Exon 20 T790M.KEYWORDS: non-small cell lung carcinoma, EGFR, Exon 20, T790M, osimertinib 
Dendritic Cell as Potential Immunotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Cancer: A Review Albertus Budi Sulistya; Rima Haifa; Geofanny Facicilia; Kristin Talia Marbun; Marsya Nilam Kirana; Yussy Afriani Dewi; Cynthia Retna Sartika; Andi Wijaya; Keri Lestari Dandan
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 5 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i5.2389

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer therapy is a promising adjuvant therapy for nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) after chemoradiation. Owing to low immunity after chemoradiation, DC therapy activates immune responses. Moreover, DC-based cancer therapy can decrease tumor progression, prolong lifespan, and increase the quality of life of patients. Various studies regarding the use of DC therapy for NPC have been reported, however there are limited reviews on the implementation and foundation of DC immunotherapy to expand this technology.METHODS: A literature search was performed on EMBASE, ScienceDirect, PubMed (MEDLINE), and Cochrane Library, with the term dendritic cells therapy for nasopharyngeal cancer, dendritic cell immunotherapy in nasopharyngeal cancer patients, and DC therapy in NPC, as the search keywords.RESULTS: A total of 199 literatures were reviewed, and four clinical trials were identified as relevant for this review. DC vaccines can be processed with various maturation and activation processes. Selected literatures reported antigens used when incubating the DC are latent membrane protein (LMP) 1, LMP2, and Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1). Although DC therapy was produced from different pathways, it has been reported that there are increases of cluster of differentiation (CD)8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and the progression free survival (PFS) rate in DC immunotherapy patients than the radiochemotherapy patients.CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that DC could be used as an adjuvant therapy alongside the standard therapy of NPC, which prolongs NPC patient survival.KEYWORDS: adjuvant cell therapy, nasopharyngeal cancer therapy, dendritic cells
Losartan Has a Comparable Effect to Human Recombinant ACE2 in Reducing Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Levels on Human Adipocytes Exposed to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Hanestya Oky Hermawan; Meity Ardiana; I Gde Rurus Suryawan; Primasitha Maharany Harsoyo; Muhammad Rafli
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 5 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i5.2552

Abstract

BACKGROUND: High angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression in adipocyte cells facilitates the initiation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and triggers a cytokine storm. This finding suggests that obesity is an independent risk factor for the severity of the symptoms caused by COVID-19. The use of cardiovascular medications that focus on ACE2, such as angiotensin II receptor blockers, remains controversial, and their effects on inflammatory cytokine production and ACE2 expression in cells, especially adipocytes, remain inconsistent.METHODS: The human adipocytes were isolated from obese donor subcutaneous adipose tissue and infected with the subunit S1 spike protein from SARS-Cov-2. The adipocytes were later treated with either hrsACE2 or losartan. The levels of ACE2 and inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ACE2 and S1 spike protein binding assays were also performed. RESULTS: ACE2, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were significantly increased in human adipocyte cells infected with SARS-Cov-2 but not IL-1β. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between ACE2 and IL-6 (r=0.878, p<0.001). Administration of losartan and hrsACE2 was shown to reduce ACE2 levels and its binding to the SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike protein, and IL-6 levels were statistically significant, but had no significant effect on IL-1β or TNF-α levels.CONCLUSION: This study shows that the administration of losartan in COVID-19 may not be harmful, but instead has a protective effect similar to that of hrsACE2 in preventing a cytokine storm, especially IL-6.KEYWORDS: obesity, SARS-CoV-2, losartan, IL-6, ACE2
Presence of blaCTXM-1, blaCTXM-9, and blaTEM-1 Genes in Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Hospital Wastewater Charlene Princess Salvador Tolenada; Geraldine Budomo Dayrit
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 5 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i5.2531

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) are selectively proliferated in the human gut, excreted through feces, and deposited through wastewater lines, with hospital wastewater acting as a major reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes and resistant bacteria, thus pose adverse effects to human health. This study aimed to determine the presence of blaCTXM-1, blaCTXM-9, blaTEM-1, and blaSHV-1 genes in ESBL-EC in wastewater from selected hospitals in Manila and Quezon City, the Philippines.METHODS: Influent and effluent in twelve hospital wastewater treatment plants were collected, screened for cefotaxime-resistant E. coli, and examined for the ESBL production through phenotypic characterization using conventional bacterial identification, disk diffusion method, and VITEK® 2 Compact system and genotypic identification of ESBL-EC blaCTXM-1, blaCTXM-9, blaTEM-1, blaSHV-1 genes using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR).RESULTS: Conventional bacterial identification methods and the VITEK® 2 Compact system results showed that both influent and effluent samples were positive for ESBL-EC at 33.3% and 16.7%, respectively. Multiplex PCR results revealed that various E. coli isolates were of ESBL-EC blaCTXM-1, blaCTXM-9, and blaTEM-1 genes. Multi-drug resistance was observed among all ESBL-EC isolates with resistance being highest against ampicillin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, piperacillin, and aztreonam.CONCLUSION: As the study revealed the presence of ESBL-producing bacteria, efforts must be made to ensure the prudent antimicrobial use with possible emphasis on antibiotic rotation accompanied by intensified infection prevention and control in hospital settings.KEYWORDS: antimicrobial resistance, beta-lactams, blaCTXM, blaTEM, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, E. coli, hospital wastewater
The Synergistic Cytotoxic Effect of Pentagamavunon-1 (PGV-1) and Curcumin Correlates with the Cell Cycle Arrest to Induce Mitotic Catastrophe in 4T1 and T47D Breast Cancer Cells Desty Restia Rahmawati; Arief Nurrochmad; Riris Istighfari Jenie; Edy Meiyanto
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 5 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i5.2594

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The anti-cancer properties of pentagamavunon-1 (PGV-1) and curcumin have been documented. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of this combination on breast cancer cell growth using 4T1 and T47D cells, representing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-TNBC, respectively.METHODS: Cytotoxic assay was evaluated using MTT reagent for single and combination treatment of PGV-1 and curcumin in 4T1 and T47D cells. Cell cycle analysis was examined through flowcytometry with propidium iodide dye. May Grünwald-Giemsa staining was also performed to analyze the mitotic catastropheRESULTS: PGV-1 and curcumin alone had significant cytotoxic effects against two breast cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 4 μM and 40 μM for 4T1 and 2 μM and 20 μM for T47D, respectively. Both compounds showed high selectivity for the 4T1 and T47D cells (selectivity index >3). In addition, when PGV-1 and curcumin were combined, a synergistic effect was observed in both cell types with a combination index of <0.7. This combination results in cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, increased cell accumulation in the sub-G1 phase, and a synergistic increase in mitotic catastrophe.CONCLUSION: Combined intervention of PGV-1 and curcumin on TNBC and non-TNBC breast cancer cells substantially augments cell cycle arrest in the G2/M and sub-G1 phases, coupled with the occurrence of mitotic catastrophe. In summary, the results suggest that PGV-1 coupled with curcumin holds promise as an effective approach to addressing breast cancer and warrants further investigation.KEYWORDS: 4T1 cells, T47D cells, breast cancer, curcumin, mitotic catastrophe, PGV-1
Andrographolide Reverses Doxorubicin Resistance in Human Breast Cancer Stem Cells by Regulating Apoptotic Gene Expressions Septelia Inawati Wanandi; Resda Akhra Syahrani; Ayu Suraduhita; Elvira Yunita; Melva Louisa
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 5 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i5.2596

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) have been identified as playing a crucial role in therapeutic resistance. This resistance can be attributed to the anti-apoptotic protein survivin and the antioxidant MnSOD high expression. To overcome the resistance to doxorubicin (DOX), this study proposed the utilization of andrographolide (ANDRO), the primary bioactive compound in Andrographis paniculata leaves. The objective was to examine the role of andrographolide in regulating survivin, caspase-9, and caspase-3 gene expressions to reverse doxorubicin resistance in human BCSCs.METHODS: BCSCs were exposed to 0.1 µM DOX every two days or 50 µM rotenone (ROT) for 6 hours, subsequently supplemented with 0.3 mM ANDRO. Superoxide and peroxide levels were measured using DHE and DCFH-DA assay. The MnSOD, survivin, caspase-9, and caspase-3 mRNA expression levels were analyzed using qRT-PCR. Protein expressions were evaluated using Western blotting assay. MnSOD activity was determined using xanthine oxidase inhibition assay. The apoptotic cells were determined using Annexin-V/PI staining.RESULTS: This study indicated that the cytotoxic mechanisms of DOX, similar to ROT, in BCSCs were attributed to oxidative stress, as evidenced by an elevation in superoxide rather than peroxide levels, accompanied by a decrease in MnSOD activity. This study also highlighted that ANDRO reversed DOX resistance in BCSCs subjected to repeated DOX treatment by downregulating survivin and upregulating caspase-9 and caspase-3 mRNA expressions, thereby activating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.CONCLUSION: This study provides insights into the role of ANDRO in modulating the expression of apoptotic genes, such as survivin, caspase-9, and caspase-3, to overcome DOX resistance in BCSCs.KEYWORDS: breast cancer, breast cancer stem cell, andrographolide, doxorubicin, oxidative stress, apoptosis
Elevated Levels of Urinary Podocyte-Derived Microparticles in Nephrotic Syndrome Eka Laksmi Hidayati; Bambang Supriyatno; Sudung Oloan Pardede; Partini Pudjiastuti Trihono; Dewi Sukmawati; Dewi Wulandari; Oke Rina Ramayani
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 5 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i5.2553

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is the most common glomerular disease in childhood. The proposed hypothesis for the pathogenesis of this disease has changed over time, from immune dysregulation theory and systemic circulating factors theory, to the growing recognition of podocytopathies’ role. The existance of podocytopathies is usually examined by using podocyte-derived microparticles (MPs), such as nephrin, podocin, and podocalyxin (PCX). Therefore in this study, the difference between nephrin, podocin, and PCX expressions in NS children and healthy children was investigated.METHODS: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 33 children with NS and 22 age-matched healthy children as controls. Urine samples were collected from each subject in the early morning, before being processed and incubated with antibodies to detect nephrin, podocin, and PCX. The processed samples were then analyzed with flow cytometer methods.RESULTS: NS subjects had significantly higher expression of all three urinary podocyte-derived MPs compared to the control subjetcs. Nephrin, podocin, and PCX showed good discrimination in NS subjects with the area under curve (AUC) of 0.895, 0.849, and 0.728, respectively.CONCLUSION: This study revealed the differential expression of podocyte proteins in NS subjects compared to healthy controls. This supports the role of podocytopathies in the pathogenesis of NS. Therefore, nephrin, podocin, and PCX might have potentials to be future non-invasive diagnostic tools in glomerular disease.KEYWORDS: nephrin, nephrotic syndrome, podocalyxin, podocin, podocyte, urinary microparticle
High Leptin and Low Adiponectin Levels in The Metabolic Syndrome Patients with Malignancy Ria Ambarwati; Damai Santosa; Eko Adhi Pangarsa; Budi Setiawan; Mika Lumban Tobing; Muchlis Achsan Udji Sofro; Dharminto Dharminto; Tjokorda Gde Dalem Pemayun; Catharina Suharti
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 5 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i5.2567

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is characterized by insulin resistance, adipocyte accumulation, and obesity, has been linked to malignancy development. Both leptin, an adipose tissue-produced cytokine-like hormone, and adiponectin, a hormone secreted by adipose tissue, play roles in the progression of MetS. However, the presence of leptin and adiponectin is also assumed to be associated with cancer proliferation. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the profile of leptin and adiponectin levels in MetS patients with malignancy and non-malignancy.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 80 MetS subjects with and without malignancy. Leptin and adiponectin levels of subjects were analyzed by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare leptin and adiponectin levels between groups.RESULTS: Leptin levels were significantly higher in MetS patients with malignancy (32.99±22.47 ng/mL) than those without malignancy (6.17±7.46 ng/mL). Conversely, adiponectin levels were lower in the malignancy group (10.11±7.66 µg/mL) compared to the non-malignancy group (13.44±8.29 µg/mL), with both differences being statistically significant (p<0.001 for leptin, p=0.023 for adiponectin).CONCLUSION: Leptin levels were found to be higher while adiponectin levels were found to be lower in MetS patients with malignancy compared to those without malignancy. Therefore, it is suggested that leptin and adiponectin levels might be used as malignancy markers in MetS patients.KEYWORDS: adiponectin, leptin, metabolic syndrome, malignancy
Increased Levels of IFN-γ, PAI-1, and NT-proBNP are Associated with the Occurrence of Hypoxemia in COVID-19 Fathur Nur Kholis; Nur Farhanah; Charles Limantoro; Nyoman Suci Widyastiti; Mochamad Ali Sobirin
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 15, No 5 (2023)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v15i5.2457

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the severe complications of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that can lead to the occurrence of hypoxemia. Hypoxemia occurs due to the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines and coagulation factors. Several studies have shown that interferon (IFN)-γ, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are biological markers that can be used to evaluate the severity and prognosis of the disease in severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study was conducted to evaluate the association between IFN-γ, PAI-1, NT-proBNP and hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of COVID-19 subjects with hypoxemia. Hypoxemia assessment was performed based on arterial blood gas analysis. IFN-γ and PAI-1 were measured with ELISA, while NT-proBNP levels were measured with Roche NT-proBNP.RESULTS: Fifty-five COVID-19 subjects with hypoxemia were observed. Thirty subjects experiencing moderate to severe hypoxemia and 25 with mild hypoxemia. Levels of IFN-γ, PAI-1, and NT-proBNP were higher in COVID-19 subjects with moderate to severe hypoxemia compared to those with mild hypoxemia (261.14 (121-348.60) pg/mL vs. 145.50 (59.90-348.60) pg/mL, p<0.001; 5.47 (3.50-8.50) pg/mL vs. 3.40 (2.20-9.30) pg/mL, p<0.001; 760 (112-34,066) pg/mL vs. 71 (48-364) pg/mL, p<0.001).CONCLUSION: Elevated levels of IFN-γ, PAI-1, and NT-proBNP are associated with hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients, suggesting that these markers may be useful in assessing hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients.KEYWORDS: IFN-γ, PAI-1, NT-proBNP, hypoxemia, COVID-19

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