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All Journal Journal of Selvicoltura Asean Research Psychologie, Orientation et Conseil
Mahmud, Khalid
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Education Other

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THE HIDDEN TREASURE OF THE FOREST: THE RISE OF NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS (NTFPS) AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY OPPORTUNITIES BASED ON NATURAL COMMODITIES Mahmud, Khalid; Idris, Adam; Ismail, Nadiah
Journal of Selvicoltura Asean Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/jsa.v3i1.2741

Abstract

The global push toward a Circular Economy (CE) demands leveraging regenerative resources, making Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) critical assets for a sustainable bio-economy. This study addresses the profound structural inefficiency within current NTFP value chains, which operate on a linear model, resulting in significant material waste and limiting local economic value. The core research objective was to rigorously assess material efficiency and identify the governance barriers preventing the transition to zero-waste systems, thereby developing a prescriptive NTFP-Circular Economy (NTFP-CE) Model. The methodology employed a comparative process mapping design, integrating Mass Balance Analysis across twelve diverse processing units with qualitative interviews focused on institutional failure and technology adoption. Findings demonstrate a critically low average Conversion Efficiency Rate (CER) of 61%, revealing that 39% of raw forest biomass is discarded as unused residue. This inefficiency is not primarily technological, but fundamentally institutional, driven by the absence of formal Residue Governance Standards and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection. These institutional failures collectively block the necessary industrial investment in zero-waste bio-refinery systems. The study concludes that the NTFP-CE Model provides the essential, evidence-based framework for policy intervention, arguing that standardized residue management and policy-driven risk-sharing are vital to transform discarded residues into high-value industrial feedstocks, ensuring sustainable and equitable forest bio-economy development.
EXAMINING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE Idris, Adam; Mahmud, Khalid; Lhamo, Pema
Research Psychologie, Orientation et Conseil Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/rpoc.v3i2.3744

Abstract

Employee engagement has become a critical factor in enhancing organizational performance. Engaged employees are believed to be more motivated, productive, and committed, which in turn leads to better organizational outcomes. Understanding the psychological effects of employee engagement is vital for organizations seeking to optimize their human capital and improve overall performance. This study aims to examine the psychological effects of employee engagement on organizational performance. The research explores how factors such as motivation, job satisfaction, and emotional commitment contribute to the relationship between employee engagement and organizational performance. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing surveys to collect data from 350 employees across various industries. The survey measured employee engagement, psychological well-being, job satisfaction, and organizational performance using established scales. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify the correlations and causal relationships between these variables. The findings indicated a strong positive relationship between employee engagement and organizational performance. High levels of employee engagement were linked to increased job satisfaction, lower stress, and higher productivity. Additionally, engagement was found to mediate the relationship between job satisfaction and performance outcomes.
Co-Authors Idris, Adam Ismail, Nadiah Lhamo, Pema