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All Journal Jurnal Otomasi Kontrol dan Instrumentasi
Gibran, Mohammad Attar
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering

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Desain dan Evaluasi Low-Cost Sunshine Duration Recorder Otomatis Menggunakan Solar Cell Berbasis Internet of Things Gibran, Mohammad Attar; Rachmat, Adrian Renaldi; Izaaz, Afif; Tempo, Neil Farel Rindra; Abraham, Gabrielle Luoise; Sidauruk, Vasco Yehezkiel; Saragih, Kris Anderson P.
Jurnal Otomasi Kontrol dan Instrumentasi Vol 18 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Otomasi Kontrol dan Instrumentasi
Publisher : Pusat Teknologi Instrumentasi dan Otomasi (PTIO) - Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/joki.2026.18.1.13

Abstract

Sunshine duration (SD) is an important meteorological parameter for climate analysis and solar energy planning. In Indonesia, SD measurement still heavily relies on manual Campbell–Stokes (CS) recorders, which are prone to subjective errors, labor-intensive, and unreliable under cloudy conditions. This study develops a low-cost IoT-based SD logger using a solar cell and an INA219 sensor to estimate direct solar radiation. An ESP32 microcontroller processes the data, supported by an RTC module and an SD card for timestamping and local storage. Calibration was performed against Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) satellite data, applying the WMO pyrheliometric threshold of 120 W/m². Remote access is provided via a Telegram bot. A 14-day field test yielded RMSE = 104.8 W/m², MAE = 56.1 W/m², and stronger correlation against CAMS (R² = 0.640, r = 0.802) than CS (r = 0.749). The mean daily SD difference was 1.09 hours against CAMS and 2.03 hours against CS. Binary classification for sunshine detection achieved an accuracy of 88.4%, precision of 79.3%, recall of 77.2%, and F1-score of 78.2%. This prototype offers an automated, accurate, weatherproof, and remotely accessible alternative to conventional CS recorders, with strong potential to advance SD monitoring and modernize meteorological infrastructure in Indonesia.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Pemantauan Kadar Air dan Suhu Tanah Otomatis Berbasis IoT Rachmat, Adrian Renaldi; Gibran, Mohammad Attar; Izaaz, Afif; Tempo, Neil Farel Rindra; Abraham, Gabrielle Luoise
Jurnal Otomasi Kontrol dan Instrumentasi Vol 18 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Otomasi Kontrol dan Instrumentasi
Publisher : Pusat Teknologi Instrumentasi dan Otomasi (PTIO) - Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/joki.2026.18.1.10

Abstract

Modernization of meteorological observation systems at the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG) is necessary, particularly for soil temperature and soil water content parameters that are still commonly measured using conventional methods. This study presents the design and evaluation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring system to improve observation efficiency. The system integrates PT100 sensors to measure soil temperature at depths of 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 cm, and Capacitive Soil Moisture v2.0 sensors to measure volumetric soil water content at depths of 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100 cm. Data is transmitted in real time via Wi-Fi to Google Spreadsheet and a Telegram bot, enabling remote monitoring and automatic notifications, while also being stored locally on an SD card for reliability. Sensor performance was evaluated through laboratory calibration in a temperature chamber and an 11-day field deployment at the BMKG Regional II Headquarters. Results show good accuracy, with RMSE of 0.93 °C (MAE 0.66 °C) at 5 cm depth and RMSE of 0.43 °C (MAE 0.29 °C) at 10 cm depth, demonstrating reliable system performance.
Co-Authors Abraham, Gabrielle Luoise Izaaz, Afif Rachmat, Adrian Renaldi Saragih, Kris Anderson P. Sidauruk, Vasco Yehezkiel Tempo, Neil Farel Rindra