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All Journal R.E.M (Rekyasa Energi Manufaktur) Jurnal Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering)
Hyginus Unegbu
Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Engineering

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Ergonomic Redesign of Farm Tools to Reduce Musculoskeletal Disorders among Nigerian Farmers Hyginus Unegbu; D.S Yawasa
Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) Vol. 14 No. 6 (2025): December 2025
Publisher : The University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jtepl.v14i6.2297-2315

Abstract

The persistent prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among Nigerian smallholder farmers remains a critical occupational health challenge, largely due to the prolonged use of poorly designed manual farm tools. This study investigated the ergonomic redesign of traditional hoes and cutlasses using a simulation-augmented, mixed-method experimental design aimed at reducing biomechanical stress and enhancing task efficiency. A total of 220 farmers (aged 18–65, with gender-balanced representation) from southwestern Nigeria participated in the study, ensuring population diversity and practical relevance. Redesign was guided by computer-aided design (CAD) modelling, finite element analysis (FEA), and field-collected anthropometric datasets. Key ergonomic indicators included Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) for postural risk, surface electromyography (EMG) for muscle fatigue, task completion time, and the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) for perceived effort. Results showed statistically significant improvements (p < 0.01) across all performance metrics. REBA scores decreased from high to moderate/low risk categories, EMG activity reduced by over 30%, and task completion time improved by 33–36%. RPE scores were halved, indicating increased user comfort. Effect sizes (Cohen’s d > 1.2) confirmed the strong practical impact of the redesigned tools. While limited by short-term field exposure and a regional study scope, the research offers a replicable model for ergonomic tool development in informal agricultural systems. The findings support actionable interventions such as standardised tool design guidelines, local manufacturing protocols, and farmer training programmes. This study demonstrates that ergonomic simulation using CAD and biomechanical tools can lead to meaningful reductions in MSD risk, improved task performance, and higher usability in resource-limited farming environments.
Design and Fabrication of a Modular Mini-Hydro Turbine for Off-Grid Electrification in Nigeria’s Riverine Communities Hyginus Unegbu; Danjuma YAWAS
R.E.M. (Rekayasa Energi Manufaktur) Jurnal Vol 11 No 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/r.e.m.v11i1.1776

Abstract

This research presents the design, simulation, fabrication, and performance evaluation of a modular crossflow mini-hydro turbine engineered to address persistent energy access challenges in Nigeria’s off-grid riverine communities. The system was conceived to operate efficiently under low-head, variable-flow conditions typical of inland watercourses, using a fully modular design framework that emphasises ease of deployment, maintenance, and scalability. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was employed during the design phase to optimise internal flow characteristics, nozzle geometry, and runner-blade profiles. The turbine achieved a hydraulic efficiency of 62% to 68% and produced a consistent power output of 300–340 W per module across a range of flow conditions. Empirical testing validated the CFD predictions with deviations remaining under 7%, confirming the design’s reliability. Environmental assessments revealed noise and vibration levels well within rural acceptability thresholds, and casing integrity was preserved under continuous operational testing. A key innovation of the system lies in its modular configuration. All primary components—including the shaft-runner assembly, generator unit, and control interface—were designed to be independently replaceable using basic tools. Scalability tests confirmed that dual-module operation retained 92% efficiency, demonstrating the viability of phased expansion in community-scale installations. The turbine aligns with national electrification objectives and offers a replicable, context-sensitive solution for rural electrification in sub-Saharan Africa. The study contributes a practical and scalable model for clean energy deployment, advancing the case for modular micro-hydro systems as critical infrastructure in remote and underserved regions.
Co-Authors D.S Yawasa Danjuma YAWAS