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All Journal Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education Journal (Birle Journal) Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal (BIoEx Journal) Britain International for Linguistics, Arts and Education Journal (BIoLAE Journal) Rowter Journal Matondang Journal Economit Journal Polit Journal LingLit Journal Lakhomi Journal
Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Department of Physics, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
Religion Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Social Sciences Other

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Journal : rowter journal

 1 
Divine Echoes: the Spiritual Significance of Thunder and Lightning across Religions Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Rowter Journal Vol 3 No 2 (2024): Ȓowteɍ Journal
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/rowter.v3i2.1121

Abstract

This study traces the progression of human knowledge from ancient mythical interpretations to contemporary scientific explanations, investigating the cultural significance of thunder and its role in the development of scientific thought. The goal is to explore how thunder has impacted scientific perspectives and cultural ideas throughout history the shift from supernatural explanations to empirical data and the application of artificial intelligence to modern weather forecasting. The process comprises a review of historical and contemporary scientific literature thus, a textual examination of religious texts from many traditions, such as the Bible, Quran, and Vedas. The findings suggest that although thunder was originally thought to be a sign from God, scientific progress, especially during the Enlightenment, has led to a better understanding of thunder as a meteorological event. Furthermore, the modern world is still impacted by the ancient cultural respect for thunder in popular culture, literature, and the arts. The study concludes that the transformation of thunder's meaning from a representation of divine anger to an occurrence with scientific explanations reflects the advancement of human cognition and the fusion of scientific knowledge with cultural legacies. This knowledge emphasizes how crucial it is to see natural occurrences via cultural and scientific glasses, appreciating the influence of customs while embracing technological progress.
A Systematic Review of Internet of Things (IoT) Applications in Sustainable Project Management in Ethiopia Belay Sitotaw Goshu; Muhammad Ridwan
Rowter Journal Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Ȓowteɍ Journal
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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Abstract

The rapid advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has created significant opportunities for sustainable project management in developing countries, including Ethiopia. As Ethiopia advances initiatives such as the Digital Ethiopia 2030 strategy, smart city programs, and climate-resilient development policies, IoT integration has become increasingly important in infrastructure, agriculture, energy, and environmental management. This systematic review examines the current applications, benefits, and challenges of IoT in sustainable project management within the Ethiopian context. The study employed a structured review methodology using academic databases, institutional repositories, government publications, and peer-reviewed literature. A total of 23 relevant studies and policy documents were critically analyzed using thematic synthesis approaches to identify sectoral applications, sustainability contributions, and implementation barriers. The findings indicate that IoT applications in Ethiopia are concentrated in construction and infrastructure, agriculture, energy systems, and environmental monitoring. IoT technologies improve economic sustainability through operational efficiency, resource optimization, and reduced maintenance costs. Environmental sustainability benefits include real-time monitoring of ecosystems, efficient resource utilization, and climate resilience. Social sustainability outcomes involve enhanced food security, infrastructure safety, and public service reliability. However, adoption remains constrained by inadequate infrastructure, high implementation costs, limited technical expertise, cybersecurity concerns, and weak institutional coordination. The study concludes that IoT technologies possess substantial potential to support sustainable development in Ethiopia. The review recommends increased investment in digital infrastructure, technical capacity building, localized innovation, and stronger regulatory and cybersecurity frameworks.
Geopolitical Risk and Macroeconomic Spillovers in a Frontier Market: The Sectoral Transmission of the US–Iran–Israel Conflict to Ethiopia Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Rowter Journal Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Ȓowteɍ Journal
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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Abstract

The escalating geopolitical tensions between the United States, Iran, and Israel in 2025–2026 have generated significant global economic disruptions through oil price volatility, maritime chokepoint closures, and trade route diversions. Frontier markets, particularly landlocked, net oil-importing economies, face asymmetric vulnerability to such distant geopolitical shocks. This study examines the transmission channels and sectoral impacts of the US–Iran–Israel geopolitical conflict on Ethiopia's economy, providing a disaggregated analysis of how the shock propagates across productive sectors. Drawing on projections from the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, national authorities, and sectoral reports, the analysis employs a qualitative and analytical approach, synthesizing available data to construct a comprehensive sectoral impact assessment across energy, maritime trade, agriculture, industry, transport, construction, and household welfare. Findings: The conflict transmits through four primary channels; energy prices, maritime logistics, agricultural inputs, and remittances. While Ethiopia's GDP growth remains robust at 9.2 percent, inflation has accelerated to 13.9 percent, reversing prior moderation. The fiscal position faces strain from increased subsidy outlays, and the birr faces persistent depreciation pressure. Agriculture confronts acute vulnerability through fertilizer shortages (a 68%channels: urea price surge) and elevated shipping costs; the industry faces rising energy costs and supply chain bottlenecks; transport experiences soaring operational costs; and urban households bear the regressive burden of rising food prices, with 15–15. 9 million people are facing a crisis or emergency food insecurity. Ethiopia's experience exposes profound structural vulnerabilities characteristic of frontier markets. The crisis offers a strategic opportunity to accelerate the renewable energy transition, diversify supply chains, and strengthen macroeconomic buffers. Recommendations: Policymakers should establish strategic fuel reserves, diversify port access and fertilizer sources, maintain fiscal consolidation while protecting pro-poor expenditures, and adequately fund social safety nets. Channels:
From Billions of Seedlings to Sustainable Livelihoods: A Critical Review of Ethiopia's Green Economy Strategy, Afforestation Outcomes, and Community Co-Benefits Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Rowter Journal Vol 5 No 1 (2026): Ȓowteɍ Journal
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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Abstract

Ethiopia's Green Legacy Initiative (GLI), launched in 2019, represents one of the most ambitious reforestation programs globally, aiming to plant 50 billion seedlings by 2026. This critical review synthesises evidence on the GLI's policy architecture, ecological outcomes, community co-benefits, and implementation challenges, drawing on peer-reviewed literature, policy documents, and empirical studies published between 2011 and 2026. The review reveals remarkable quantitative achievements: over 48 billion seedlings planted district forest cover expansion from 17.2% to 24%, soil erosion reduction from 1.9 billion to 208 million tonnes annually, and the creation of over 767,000 jobs. However, significant implementation gaps persist. Independent studies report seedling survival rates as low as 39.80% at the district level, substantially below the 85% officially reported, while 90,000–100,000 hectares of forest continue to be lost annually. Community benefits remain unevenly distributed, with smallholder farmers facing compliance challenges under international regulations such as the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR). Institutional weaknesses in law enforcement, data systems, land tenure, and coordination, compounded by a critical financing gap, with only 6% of the required US$7.5 billion annual budget available, undermine long-term sustainability. The review concludes that transitioning from quantity-focused planting to quality-oriented ecosystem restoration, strengthening participatory governance, enhancing monitoring and evaluation systems, and scaling up private sector engagement are essential pathways forward. Ethiopia's experience offers valuable lessons for the Global South on navigating the complex terrain of environmental restoration, economic development, and social equity, demonstrating that political will and mass mobilization must be complemented by robust institutional frameworks and equitable benefit distribution to achieve lasting impact.
Reconciling History and Realpolitik: A Win-Win Institutional Framework for Ethiopian Red Sea Access and Eritrean Sovereignty in the Horn of Africa Belay Sitotaw Goshu
Rowter Journal Vol 6 No 1 (2027): Ȓowteɍ Journal
Publisher : Britain International for Academic Research (BIAR) Publisher

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Abstract

The Ethiopia-Eritrea dispute over Red Sea access represents one of the most consequential geopolitical questions in the Horn of Africa, a region described as a "geopolitical chessboard for both local and global powers." Ethiopia, the world's most populous landlocked country with over 130 million citizens, has been without direct sea access since Eritrea's 1993 secession, with 95% of its foreign trade dependent on the Port of Djibouti. Yet Eritrea's sovereignty over Massawa and Assab is absolute under international law. This article argues that despite deep historical grievances, particularly the unilateral 1962 dissolution of the UN-mandated federation without popular consent, the contemporary solution lies not in territorial revisionism but in a legally binding, commercially incentivized "win-win" institutional framework. Drawing on UNCLOS Article 125, comparative transit regimes, and regional integration theory, the article proposes a tripartite governance model involving a Joint Port Authority, revenue-sharing mechanisms, and international guarantees that simultaneously secures Ethiopia's economic lifeline and upholds Eritrea's sovereign borders. Economic analysis demonstrates that cooperation could save Ethiopia $300–500 million annually, generate $200–400 million yearly for Eritrea, and expand bilateral trade from $50–100 million to $1 billion by 2030. The article concludes that a win-win agreement is not merely desirable but strategically necessary for regional stability and that the key variable is political will on both sides and constructive international engagement.
Co-Authors Anantasha Titisania Rimadewi Arifulhak Aceh Bikila Merga Deresa Duol Dak Maluel Kassahun Desealegn Asfaw M. Yoserizal Saragih Melaku Masresha Woldeamanueal Muhammad Ridwan Muhammad Ridwan Muhammad Ridwan Muhammad Ridwan Muhammad Ridwan Nigussie Mamushet Degeif Nurvita Sari Musdiani Silalahi Ramlan Ramlan Ramlan Solomon Zerihun Wan Nurul Atikah Yohana Belay