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All Journal Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Casuarina: Environmental Engineering Journal
Adeecha Cinta Islamiah
MTsN 6 Malang
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology

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KARAKTERISASI KIMIA DAN MORFOLOGI BIOKOKAS DARI BAGLOG JAMUR DENGAN PEREKAT LIMBAH LILIN MALAM BATIK MENGGUNAKAN FTIR DAN SEM Hamim Mahfudhillah; Siti Azzahra Santika; Adeecha Cinta Islamiah
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v8i1.6468

Abstract

The global energy crisis caused by the depletion of fossil fuels and increasing greenhouse gas emissions has accelerated the development of biomass-based renewable energy such as biocoke. This study aims to analyze the chemical and morphological characteristics of biocoke derived from mushroom baglog with batik wax waste binder using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Samples were used are raw mushroom baglog (M50%) and pyrolyzed baglog biochar (P50%), each mixed with 50% batik wax waste. The pyrolysis process was carried out at 350-400 °C for 3 hours in an oxygen-limited reactor. FTIR analysis revealed that M50% biocoke contained strong aliphatic C–H and O–H hydroxyl groups, indicating high moisture (7.55%) and volatile matter (41.75%). In contrast, P50% biocoke exhibited intensified aromatic C=C peaks (1588 cm⁻¹) and reduced O–H bands (3616 cm⁻¹), reflecting higher carbonization with 46.76% fixed carbon and a heating value of 27.31 MJ/kg. SEM micrographs showed a distinct morphological difference: M50% had a fibrous and highly porous structure, while P50% displayed a compact, homogeneous surface with micro-pores (1–10 µm). The combination of pyrolysis and batik wax waste addition produced biocoke with improved combustion stability, higher thermal efficiency, and lower exhaust emissions. In conclusion, pyrolysis significantly enhances the energy quality and structural stability of biocoke, while batik wax waste acts as an effective thermoplastic binder, improving particle homogeneity and calorific performance.
Pengaruh Komposisi Limbah Malam Batik terhadap Kualitas dan Emisi Bio-Kokas dari Biochar Baglog Jamur : Bahasa Inggris Hamim Thohari Mahfudhillah; Siti Azzahra Santika; Adeecha Cinta Islamiah
Casuarina: Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan Vol 3 No 2 (2026): CEEJ APR 2026
Publisher : LRI Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33506/ceej.v3i2.4991

Abstract

Batik wax waste and oyster mushroom baglog waste have high potential as raw materials for biomass-based alternative energy. Batik wax waste contains carbon with a calorific value of approximately 42 MJ/kg, while mushroom baglog waste has a high lignocellulose content that functions as a natural adhesive. This study aimed to determine the effect of varying the composition of batik wax waste on the quality and emissions of pyrolyzed mushroom baglog waste-based bio-coke. Mushroom baglog waste was pyrolyzed at 350–400°C for three hours, then mixed with batik wax waste in varying concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%, with a total mass of 100 grams each. The pressing process was carried out using a Leybold-Heraeus Compact MDP 10-1 machine with a pressure of 2 tons. Bio-coke characterization included proximate tests (moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, and fixed carbon), calorific value using a Parr-6400 Calorimeter, and exhaust emissions using a KOENG KEG-500 Automotive Gas Analyzer. Results showed that increasing the composition of batik wax waste increased the calorific value from 20.37 MJ/kg (P10) to 27.31 MJ/kg (P50). Ash content decreased from 30.2% to 24.88%, while volatile matter increased from 16% to 26.5%. CO and HC emissions decreased significantly, approaching zero at mixtures of ≥20%. Thus, the addition of batik wax waste can improve energy efficiency and reduce pollutant emissions, making pyrolysis-derived bio-coke suitable for development as an environmentally friendly fuel to replace firewood in the small industrial sector.
Co-Authors Hamim Mahfudhillah Hamim Thohari Mahfudhillah Siti Azzahra Santika