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All Journal African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Gabriel, Benjamin Ogunma
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Hepato-Safety Effect of the Poly-Herbal Aqueous Extract Using Animal Model Gabriel, Benjamin Ogunma; Uwaokhonye, Christabel Osemudiame; Oshomoh, Emmanuel Ola
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 2 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i2.3460

Abstract

Poly-herbal formulation has been used all around the world due to its medicinal and therapeutic applications. These effects encompass mutual enhancement, mutual assistance, mutual restraint, and mutual antagonism.This research investigated the impact of a poly-herbal aqueous extract on the liver protective effect in Wistar rats. Plant samples were collected and processed into an extract. Twenty Wistar rats were divided into control group and graded doses (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) of the poly-herbal aqueous extract. The rats were orally administered graded doses of the extract for 28 days. Various hepatic function tests (Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Total Bilirubin, Conjugated Bilirubin, Albumin, and Total Protein), were evaluated using standard protocol. The results indicated a significant increase in Aspartate Aminotransferase, total protein, and Globulin levels across the different doses when compared to the control group. A decrease in the Alkaline Phosphatase levels across the lowest doses. A significant decrease in Alanine Transferase, Total Bilirubin, Conjugated Bilirubin, and Albumin levels was observed across graded doses compared to the control group. In conclusion, this finding agreed with the report of the folklore findings on the poly-herbal aqueous extract with hepato-protective effect.
Antioxidant and Chromatographic Profile of Ganoderma lucidum Idu, MacDonald; Okojie, Susan Omo; Gabriel, Benjamin Ogunma; Okhuoya, John  A. 
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 2 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i2.3475

Abstract

Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal fungus which possesses a wide range of biological activities due to its nutritional, antioxidant and therapeutic values. This study examine the antioxidant and phytochemical properties of G. lucidum aqueous extracts in Sample A (boiled for 1 hour) and Sample B (boiled for 3 hours). The antioxidant activity and DPPH radical-scavenging assay were determined using standard procedures, while further phytochemical composition of the extracts was determined through chromatographic analysis. Sample A demonstrated higher DPPH radical scavenging activity (67.85%) while Sample B, displayed an increased trend with time compared with ascorbate. Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) analysis, revealed Sample A with higher TAC (56.79 mg/ml) than Sample B (51.71 mg/ml). Phytochemical composition of G. lucidum aqueous extracts exhibited higher percentage of alkaloids at Sample A (3.00 ± 0.12%) and TAC (56.79 ± 0.04 µg/ml), while Sample B displayed higher percentages of saponins (8.00 ± 0.12%), flavonoids (51.50 ± 0.77 µg/ml), proanthocyanidins (38.23 ± 0.18 µg/ml), phenols (16.18 ± 0.07 µg/ml), and FRAP (64.00 ± 2.00 mg/ml). Chromatographic profiles illustrated that both samples displayed 32 peaks, with varying constituents. The highest peak in Sample A was recorded at PEAK 22 (31.317), while in Sample B was observed at PEAK 37 (35.927). These peaks represented different identified constituents, including Pyrrolidine, 1-methyl-3, 2'-spiro-benzo-1, 3-dioxolane-Benzene, 1,3,5-tris(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2-iodo-4-nitro-Propanamide, and 2,2-dimethyl-N-(3-methylphenyl)-. These findings provide insights into the potential health benefits associated with G. lucidum and guide further exploration of its bioactive compounds.
Biorenal Effects of the Polyherbal (Andrographis paniculata, Annona muricata, Zingiber officinale) Aqueous Extract on Wistar Rats Gabriel, Benjamin Ogunma; Osawese, Ehonwa Lisa; Oshomoh, Emmanuel
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 2 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i2.3476

Abstract

There has been a reliance on medicinal plant parts and their extracts for the prevention and treatment of diseases throughout history. Toxicological studies have now shown concern on the unavailability of standard dosage for the treatment of these substances that causes for concern. This study evaluated the bio-renal safety of the polyherbal aqueous extract of in Wistar rats. The aqueous extracts were obtained using standard methods. A total of 25 adult rats were used and administered to the tested groups for 28 days. Kidney function test was carried out together with histopathological evaluations of the kidneys of the rats. The results obtained showed that urea, creatinine, Na+, K+, Cl- and HCO- concentrations across 25-57 mg/dl, 0.1-0.8 mg/dl, 134-142 μmol/l, 4.4-4.9 μmol/l, 96-103 μmol/l and 21-28 μmol/l, had no significant difference at graded doses of the treatment groups respectively. These results were in the normal range when compared with the control. The histopathological study of the kidney tissues showed normal architectural structures with visible renal corpuscles and distinct tubules. In conclusion, the polyherbal aqueous extract had no adverse effects across the tested animals at graded doses. However, further research is recommended for drug evaluation.
Biosafety Profiling of “Makann”, a Bi-herbal Formulation in Histopatology of the Brain and Uterus Itemire, Anne Oghenekevwe; Idu, MacDonald; Enitome, Bafor Evi; Eze, Gerald Ikechi; Gabriel, Benjamin Ogunma
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v2i2.5456

Abstract

The biosafety of Garcinia kola and Carica papaya aqueous root extract "makann," a bi-herbal formulation, on the brain and uterus of female mice was examined. Plant roots were harvested, washed, shade-dried, and processed into an aqueous formulation extract. The bi-herbal formulation extract was administered orally at a dose of 2 g/kg in the treatment groups, as a single dose for 24 hr and 14 days, with a daily dose of 2 g/kg for 14 days. The investigation measured body weight, temperature, hematological parameters, organ weights (brain and uterus), and histology of the organs using standard experimental techniques. The results revealed no significant changes in body weight and temperature in the treated animals compared to the control group in all treatment groups. Hematological parameters in the 24-hour treated group showed a significant increase in white blood cell count, lymphocytes, red blood cell count, hemoglobin levels, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration compared to the control (p<0.05). However, in 24-hr single, 14-day single and 14-day daily doses, platelet count was significantly increased. The organ weights of the brain and utserus showed no significant difference in bi-herbal formulation extract-treated groups compared with the control group (p<0.05). Histopathological evaluations of the examined organs did not reveal any lesions or signs of toxicity in the brain and uterus across all treatment groups compared to the control. In conclusion, the non-adverse changes in the parameters studied suggest that the bi-herbal formulation at 2 g/kg and for a period not more than 2 weeks may exhibit minimal or no toxicity, and its effect on long-term use should be investigated.
Effects of Reproductive and Contractile Potential of “Makann” a Bi-herbal Formulation in Mice Itemire, Anne Oghenekevwe; Idu, MacDonald; Enitome, Bafor Evi; Gabriel, Benjamin Ogunma
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i2.5154

Abstract

Spontaneous uterine contractions are strictly controlled and coordinated for the success of various reproductive functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate uterine activity of bi-herbal formulation of G. kola and C. papaya roots in rodents. Ex-vivo BH cumulative concentrations response on spontaneous contractions, oxytocin induced contraction in the presence and absence of calcium and potassium induced contraction were determined. In vivo reproductive investigation in female mice and oestrogenicity in immature rats were carried out using standard methods. In uterine contractility studies, there was an increase in amplitude of spontaneous contractions with a steady decrease in the frequency. An increase in oxytocin amplitude and frequency was observed in calcium physiological salt solution (PSS) however, only amplitude was increased in oxytocin calcium-free PSS. Potassium chloride had a slight increase in amplitude. The reproductive cycle and uterothrophic assay exhibited no significant increase in relative uterine weight. The histology of the ovary, cervix and uterus showed normal cellular structural architecture. Oestrous cycle regularity and cycle number were increased in the BH treatment groups. In conclusion, an increase in female hormone as evident in oestrous cycle response validate the use of this formulation in traditional medicine for the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding.
Phytochemistry and Uterine Contractile Effect of VLC Fractionated Bi-herbal Formulation “Makann” in Mice Itemire, Anne Oghenekevwe; Idu, MacDonald; Enitome, Bafor Evi; Ofeimun, Josephine Omose; Gabriel, Benjamin Ogunma
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i2.5155

Abstract

This study evaluate the phytochemistry, uterine activity of a bi-herbal formulation of G. kola and C. papaya roots in rodents. Identification of phytochemical compounds in BH was done using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and fractionated with vacuum liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography. Ex-vivo BH elicited cumulative concentrations response on spontaneous contractions of oxytocin-induced contraction in the presence and absence of calcium and potassium induced contraction. The Phytochemicals showed alkaloids (Hordenine, Cytisine, Methyl Jasmonate, Galanthamine and an unidentified compound), flavonoids (benzoic acid, isoquercetin, rutin, chlorogenic acid and an unidentified compound), phenols (eugenol and ferulic acid) and cardiac glycosides (metildigoxin, cymarin and alpha-acetyldigoxin). The fractions were tested for spontaneous uterine contractions. Uterine contraction had an isncrease in amplitude spontaneous contractions with a steady decrease in frequency. In conclusion, the results obtained from this study adhere to the folklore report, validating its myometrial contractile response with the implicated phytoconstituents.
Co-Authors Chibuzo, Nkem Victor Eboreime, Ofunre Ozolua Enitome, Bafor Evi Eze, Gerald Ikechi Idu, MacDonald Ifechukwude, Grace Nonye Inomo, Innocent Inomo Itemire, Anne Oghenekevwe Odjimogho, Stella E. Odjimogho, Sunny E. Ofeimun, Josephine Omose Okhuoya, John  A.  Okojie, Susan Omo Oloruntoba, Evonamhe Emmanuel Osawese, Ehonwa Lisa Oshomoh, Emmanuel Oshomoh, Emmanuel Ola Uwaokhonye, Christabel Osemudiame