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All Journal African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Sunday, Danya
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Isolation and Identification of Bacteria Species Associated with the Deterioration of Painted Wall Surfaces in Wukari Metropolis, Taraba, Nigeria, North East Chibuike, Ogodo Alloysius; Sunday, Danya; Sabo, Ibrahim Alhaji
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v3i1.9090

Abstract

Wall paintings are among the most expressive forms of human creativity, serving not only decorative purposes but also protecting wall surfaces; however, bacterial colonization of water-based paints can lead to biodeterioration that reduces both durability and aesthetic value. This study aimed to identify and characterize the bacterial species responsible for painted wall degradation using combined conventional microbiological and molecular approaches. Samples were collected by scraping portions of intact and deteriorated painted walls, serially diluted, and cultured on nutrient and MacConkey agars to estimate bacterial loads and isolate different species. Identification and characterization of isolates followed a four-step process comprising macroscopic and microscopic observations, biochemical tests, and sugar fermentation assays. Total bacterial counts ranged from 0.2 × 10⁶ to 2.7 × 10⁶ CFU/g, while coliform counts varied between 0.9 × 10⁶ and 3.6 × 10⁶ CFU/g. Both traditional and molecular analyses identified Bacillus foraminis (CV53), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA01), and Staphylococcus aureus as key species associated with paint deterioration, with Bacillus foraminis (69%) being dominant, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20%) and Staphylococcus aureus (11%). Molecular data further revealed a broader bacterial diversity, including previously unreported taxa, with notable variation among sampling locations. Overall, this study advances the understanding of bacterial ecology on painted surfaces and provides a scientific basis for developing strategies to protect wall paintings and other painted substrates from microbial degradation.
Isolation and Identification of Bacteria Species Associated with the Deterioration of Painted Wall Surfaces in Wukari Metropolis, Taraba, Nigeria, North East Chibuike, Ogodo Alloysius; Sunday, Danya; Sabo, Ibrahim Alhaji
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v3i1.9090

Abstract

Wall paintings are among the most expressive forms of human creativity, serving not only decorative purposes but also protecting wall surfaces; however, bacterial colonization of water-based paints can lead to biodeterioration that reduces both durability and aesthetic value. This study aimed to identify and characterize the bacterial species responsible for painted wall degradation using combined conventional microbiological and molecular approaches. Samples were collected by scraping portions of intact and deteriorated painted walls, serially diluted, and cultured on nutrient and MacConkey agars to estimate bacterial loads and isolate different species. Identification and characterization of isolates followed a four-step process comprising macroscopic and microscopic observations, biochemical tests, and sugar fermentation assays. Total bacterial counts ranged from 0.2 × 10⁶ to 2.7 × 10⁶ CFU/g, while coliform counts varied between 0.9 × 10⁶ and 3.6 × 10⁶ CFU/g. Both traditional and molecular analyses identified Bacillus foraminis (CV53), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA01), and Staphylococcus aureus as key species associated with paint deterioration, with Bacillus foraminis (69%) being dominant, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20%) and Staphylococcus aureus (11%). Molecular data further revealed a broader bacterial diversity, including previously unreported taxa, with notable variation among sampling locations. Overall, this study advances the understanding of bacterial ecology on painted surfaces and provides a scientific basis for developing strategies to protect wall paintings and other painted substrates from microbial degradation.
Isolation and Identification of Microorganisms Found in Roasted Dog Meat Within Wukari Metropolis, North-East Nigeria Brown, Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye; Mohammed, Usman Ikrimah; Onyemaechi, Eze Emmanuel; Sunday, Danya
African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajcmpr.v2i3.7040

Abstract

This study evaluated the microbiological quality of roasted dog meat sold within Wukari Metropolis, Taraba State, to determine its safety for human consumption. Eight samples of roasted dog meat were collected and analyzed for Total Viable Count (TVC), coliform count, and bacterial identification using standard biochemical methods. The findings revealed varying levels of microbial contamination, with several samples exceeding the acceptable microbial load limits established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Notably, the highest TVC values were observed in samples YM2 (3.00 × 10⁶ cfu/g), YM1 (1.56 × 10⁶ cfu/g), and AS1 (1.20 × 10⁶ cfu/g), indicating significant bacterial presence. Coliform counts confirmed fecal contamination, with Escherichia coli identified in multiple samples. Biochemical analysis further revealed the presence of Salmonella spp. (20%), E. coli (13.33%), Staphylococcus aureus (13.33%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.67%), Chromobacterium violaceum (13.33%), and Neisseria mucosa (6.67%). The identification of these pathogenic organisms underscores serious public health concerns linked to inadequate hygiene, poor handling practices, and environmental contamination. The study emphasizes the urgent need for stricter food safety regulations, vendor hygiene training, and improved meat handling protocols. Additionally, public health awareness campaigns are recommended to educate both vendors and consumers on the risks associated with consuming improperly handled street-vended meat.
Co-Authors Brown, Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye Chibuike, Ogodo Alloysius Mohammed, Usman Ikrimah Onyemaechi, Eze Emmanuel Sabo, Ibrahim Alhaji