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All Journal FLYWHEEL : Jurnal Teknik Mesin Untirta
Hamid, Abdul
Universitas Sunan Giri Surabaya
Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Transportation

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Cooling Media Variation in Welding Stations and Its Effects on Labor Productivity and Operator Requirements Darmawan, Didit; Hamid, Abdul
FLYWHEEL : Jurnal Teknik Mesin Untirta Vol 12, No 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62870/fwl.v12i1.39690

Abstract

Cooling media variation in welding stations determines waiting time between cycles, directly affecting labor utilization, daily welding cycles, and operator requirements. Water provides shortest waiting time but risks metallurgical damage on hardenable steels. Compressed air offers safest cooling for critical materials but longest waiting time. Water mist allows adjustable cooling rates, balancing productivity and quality. Labor utilization ranges from 50 percent with air cooling to 90 percent with water cooling under optimal conditions. Daily cycles per operator vary inversely with waiting time. Operator count for fixed production targets increases proportionally with waiting time. Material thickness, welding position, base metal type, application method, operator skill, and production line integration moderate these relationships. Economic analysis must consider trade offs between additional labor costs and rework or failure costs.
Co-Authors Didit Darmawan