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All Journal AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment)
moh rifqi maulana
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Energy Environmental Science

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Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite from Snail Shells Using the Precipitation Method rahel aditya amara putri; moh rifqi maulana; erwan adi saputro; caecillia pujiastuti; Ni ketut sari
AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment) Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy (SAFE-Network)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29165/ajarcde.v10i2.1014

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a bioceramic widely used in biomedical applications due to its excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. This study aims to synthesise hydroxyapatite from rice field snail shells (Pila ampullacea) using the precipitation method and to evaluate the effects of phosphoric acid (H?PO?) concentration and heating time on the synthesised hydroxyapatite's characteristics. The synthesis was conducted by varying H?PO? concentration from 0.25 to 2 M and heating time from 1 to 3 hours at a calcination temperature of 800°C. The resulting hydroxyapatite was characterized by SEM-EDX, XRF, XRD, and FTIR analyses, and the Ca/P ratio was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). SEM-EDX analysis revealed porous and agglomerated surface morphology, indicating successful thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate into calcium oxide                precursor. XRF results showed that increasing H?PO? concentration and heating time significantly reduced the Ca/P ratio toward the stoichiometric value of                hydroxyapatite (1.67), with optimum conditions achieved at 1.5–2 M H?PO? and         2–2.5 hours heating time. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of crystalline              hydroxyapatite with an average crystal size of 14.62 nm and crystallinity degree of 81.23%. FTIR spectra identified characteristic phosphate functional groups,           confirming hydroxyapatite formation. The RSM optimization demonstrated that both H?PO? concentration and heating time significantly influence the Ca/P ratio. These findings indicate that rice field snail shells have strong potential as a                 sustainable and cost-effective alternative calcium source for hydroxyapatite synthesis in biomaterial applications. Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):SDG 3: Good Health and Well-BeingSDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and InfrastructureSDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
Co-Authors Caecillia Pujiastuti Erwan Adi Saputro Ni Ketut Sari rahel aditya amara putri