<![CDATA[This article examines the practice of shamanism disguised as ilmu hikmah, a form of spiritual knowledge or esoteric practice believed to produce supernatural effects through the use of prayers (doa), litanies (wirid), Qur'anic verses, or other prescribed religious recitations, from the perspective of Islamic theology (aqidah). This phenomenon remains prevalent among Indonesian Muslim communities as a result of the acculturation of Islamic teachings, local traditions, mystical culture, and beliefs in metaphysical powers. In practice, various forms of shamanism are often presented using Islamic religious symbols, such as wirid, Qur'anic verses, specific prayers, and Islamic spiritual terminology, making them appear consistent with Islamic law (sharia). This study aims to classify the various forms of shamanistic practices disguised as ilmu hikmah and to analyze their theological implications from the perspective of tawhid (Islamic monotheism). The research employs a qualitative method using a normative-theological approach based on a literature review of the Qur'an, Hadith, classical Islamic theological works, and relevant scholarly studies. The findings indicate that non-sharia-based healing, love charms, susuk (mystical beauty implants), fortune-telling, business talismans, and amulets contain theological elements that are considered inconsistent with the principles of rububiyyah (the oneness of Allah's Lordship) and uluhiyyah (the oneness of worship). These practices also reflect belief systems that attribute efficacy to metaphysical causes and unseen realities, which constitute important issues within the discourse of Islamic theology. This study argues that shamanistic practices conducted under the name of ilmu hikmah should not merely be understood as cultural or religious phenomena, but also as theological issues that continue to generate debate within Muslim communities. Therefore, strengthening Islamic religious literacy and a systematic understanding of aqidah is essential to enable Muslims to distinguish between religious practices grounded in authentic Islamic sources and those shaped by local mystical traditions.]]>
