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All Journal International Journal of Advanced Health Science and Technology
Rusmiati Rusmiati
Department of Environmental Health, Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
Electrical & Electronics Engineering Health Professions Nursing Public Health

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The Influence of Airborne Lead (Pb) and Individual Characteristics on Subjective Complaints Among Petrol Station Operators in Surabaya: A Cross-Sectional Study Salsabila Ro'iqoh; Rusmiati Rusmiati; Winarko Winarko; Khambali Khambali; Seow Ta Wee
International Journal of Advanced Health Science and Technology Vol. 4 No. 5 (2024): October
Publisher : Forum Ilmiah Teknologi dan Ilmu Kesehatan (FORITIKES)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/ijahst.v4i5.396

Abstract

Lead (Pb) is an air pollutant present in particulate form, often known as metallic powder. Gas station operators are one of the groups at risk of exposure to lead from motor vehicle emissions, which is harmful to health because it can accumulate in the body. This study aims to analyse the effect of airborne lead (Pb) and individual characteristics on the subjective complaints of petrol station operators in Surabaya. This study is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional approach with a sample size of 28 respondents. Data were collected through measurements, observations and interviews, which were then processed and analysed using chi-square test. The results showed that airborne Pb measurements at two points met the NAB based on Permenaker No. 5 of 2018, which is less than 0.05 mg/m3. Based on the chi-square test, it was found that the variables of working time and the habit of using PPE had an effect on subjective complaints with a p-value <0.05. The variables airborne Pb, age and smoking habits had no effect on subjective complaints.
Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Carbon Monoxide Exposure for Security Guards and Ticketing Officers at Safe N Lock Sidoarjo Nazahah Hunafa; Rachmaniyah Rachmaniyah; Rusmiati Rusmiati; Khambali Khambali
International Journal of Advanced Health Science and Technology Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): April
Publisher : Forum Ilmiah Teknologi dan Ilmu Kesehatan (FORITIKES)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35882/ijahst.v5i2.435

Abstract

Security guards and ticketing officers inhale the CO gas from motor vehicles, which can lead to health complaints like sore and watery eyes. The purpose of this study is to assess the health risks of CO gas exposure to the health of security guards and ticketing officers at Safe N Lock Sidoarjo. This research is descriptive, cross-sectional, and employs an ARKL approach. The population of 43 security guards and 7 ticketing officers at the same time became the sample. The research variables are CO gas concentration, temperature, humidity, wind speed, vehicle generation, fuel type, exposure frequency, exposure time, exposure duration, inhalation rate, average time period, body weight, RfC, intake, and risk characterisation. The data collection technique uses direct measurement, interview sheets, and observation. The data processing technique involves the computation of risk. We analysed the data using both univariate and risk analysis techniques. The results of the study showed an average CO concentration of 100.982 μg/m³. Security guard exposure time was 12 hours/day, while ticketing officers were 8 hours/day. Security guard exposure frequency was 261 days/year, while ticketing officers were 313 days/year. The highest duration of exposure was 25 years. The highest intake rate was 26.048 mg/kg/day with an RQ value of 0.086 mg/kg/day. The risk assessment concludes that the RQ value is less than 1, indicating a low risk of health disorders due to CO gas exposure. The researcher recommends that security guards and ticketing officers use personal protective equipment such as glasses and masks when working.
Co-Authors Khambali Khambali Nazahah Hunafa Rachmaniyah Salsabila Ro'iqoh Seow Ta Wee Winarko Winarko