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All Journal Occupational and Environmental Medicine Journal of Indonesia
Lai, Alice
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Environmental Science Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Ratification Status of International Labour Organization (ILO) Fundamental Conventions on Occupational Safety and Health Trivedi, Ashish A; Lai, Alice
Occupational and Environmental Medicine Journal of Indonesia Vol. 2, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: A safe and healthy work environment is key to sustainable development and in view of this, in June 2022, the International Labour Organization (ILO) declared this to be a fundamental principle and right at work, and recognised the Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) and the Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 2006 (No. 187) as fundamental Conventions. The objective of this study was to assess the global as well as regional ratification status for ILO Conventions 155 and 187 among member countries, one year after their declaration as fundamental conventions. Methods: Updated ratification status was accessed in November 2023 through the ILO NORMLEX system, and presented in descriptive statistics using bar charts and line charts. Results: By November 2023, 80 (42.8%) and 62 (33.2%) ILO member countries had ratified ILO Conventions 155 and 187 respectively, with highest ratification numbers from countries in the Europe and Central Asia region, 62.7% and 56.9% for Conventions 155 and 187 respectively, and lowest ratification numbers from countries in the Arab states region, 18.2% and 9.1% respectively. Conclusion: Active ratification campaigns and awareness, especially in regions with low ratification numbers, can further improve the ratification status to achieve the target of universal ratification.
Burden of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Associated Risk Factors and Perceptions on Prevention Among Airport Baggage Handlers Trivedi, Ashish A, MD; Lai, Alice; Tasim, Mahmud; Tuah, Nik
Occupational and Environmental Medicine Journal of Indonesia Vol. 3, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background Airport baggage handlers are involved in manual handling of heavy loads, predisposing them to the risk of developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This study aimed to determine the burden of self-reported MSDs and their associated factors among airport baggage handlers in Brunei Darussalam. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we used a self-administered questionnaire to collect demographic and work profile data. We also incorporated the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire to assess body-part MSD symptoms over a 12-month period. Baggage handlers’ perceptions of the likelihood of specific work tasks related to MSDs and of preventative measures were also sought.  The data were summarized using descriptive statistics, and Pearson’s chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used to assess the statistical significance of associations between demographic and work factors and MSD burden. Results The study received a response rate of 58%. 12-month proportion for self-reported MSD was 86.5%. Low back pain (70%), upper back pain (62%), and shoulder pain (43%) were commonly reported MSDs. Loading containers in the baggage room, baggage handling inside narrow-body aircraft, and pushing/pulling trailers were found to be high-risk work tasks for MSD symptoms. Improved staff rostering, reduced process pace, and the use of ‘heavy’ tags were perceived as beneficial control measures. Conclusion The 12-month proportion of self-reported MSDs was high (86.5%) among airline baggage handlers. Longer employment duration and baggage handling in narrow-body aircraft were significantly associated with higher MSDs. These findings indicate the need to reinforce workplace policies, procedures, resource allocation, and targeted interventions to prevent MSD in this occupational group.
Co-Authors Tasim, Mahmud Trivedi, Ashish A Trivedi, Ashish A, MD Tuah, Nik