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All Journal PALAR : Pakuan Law Review
Abdurrakhman Alhakim
Faculty of Law, Batam International University, Indonesia
Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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The Role of Criminal Law in Doxing Cybercrime In Indonesia Denis Edensius Silalahi; Abdurrakhman Alhakim; Rufinus Hotmaulana Hutauruk
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): Volume 12, Number 1 January-March 2026
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v12i1.35

Abstract

The rapid development of digital technology has triggered an increase in cybercrime, including doxing, which is the unauthorized disclosure and dissemination of personal data through digital media. In Indonesia, doxing cases have increased significantly in the last five years and target activists, journalists, academics, and individuals who are active in the digital public space. Despite causing serious psychological and social impacts, legal protection for victims is still inadequate because there is no regulation that explicitly regulates doxing in the Information and Electronic Transactions Law (ITE Law) and the Personal Data Protection Law (PDP Law), so that law enforcement practices are weak and inconsistent. This research uses an empirical juridical method with legislative, case, and conceptual approaches, as well as qualitative analysis of legal materials and case reports for 2020–2025. The results of the study show that the effectiveness of law enforcement against doxing is hampered by factors of legal substance, law enforcement officials, facilities and infrastructure, public awareness, and legal culture as stated in Soerjono Soekanto's Theory of Legal Effectiveness. From the perspective of M. Yahya Harahap's Legal Certainty Theory, the norms in the ITE Law still contain ambiguity, while the PDP Law is relatively more progressive but not optimal in its implementation. Therefore, comprehensive regulatory reforms, strengthening digital forensic capacity, institutional coordination, and improving public legal literacy are needed to ensure legal certainty and protection of privacy rights in the ever-evolving digital era.   Keywords: Criminal, Crime, Personal data protection.  
Child Protection In Cases Of Physical Violence And Bullying That Occurs To School Children In Batam City Ricky Bintang Perdana; Winsherly Tan; Abdurrakhman Alhakim
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): Volume 12, Number 1 January-March 2026
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v12i1.74

Abstract

Physical violence and bullying are actions carried out by individuals against other parties and have the potential to have various adverse impacts on the victim. This research is focused on assessing the protection of children in cases of physical violence and bullying that occurs in the school environment, as well as examining the effectiveness of policies and protection mechanisms that have been implemented. The impact of such violent practices not only affects the physical condition of children, but also has an impact on psychological aspects, social interactions, and academic achievements. Ideally, schools function as a safe and conducive educational space for children's development, but in reality there are still various cases of violence that have not been handled optimally. Therefore, it is necessary to have a comprehensive identification of the factors that cause violence, as well as the strategic role of schools, parents, and the government in building an effective child protection system that can accurately identify children's needs. This research is expected to contribute ideas in the formulation of prevention and handling efforts to create a safe, comfortable, and free learning environment from violent practices. The type of research carried out empirically, with data collection carried out through interviews with the relevant agencies, namely the Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Office which has authority in child protection. Keywords: Child Protection, Physical Violence, Bullying, School, Batam City, Children's Rights
Co-Authors Denis Edensius Silalahi Ricky Bintang Perdana Rufinus Hotmaulana Hutauruk Winsherly Tan