Nisha Pradhananga
Tribhuvan University

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Promoting Inclusion in Nepal: Case Studies of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Down Syndrome in a Classroom Embracing Inclusive Education Rabindra Shiwakoti; Nisha Pradhananga; Bishna Acharya
Innovation Business Management and Accounting Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): April - June
Publisher : Trescode Green Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56070/ibmaj.2025.022

Abstract

This study examined the case studies of children with autism spectrum disorder and down syndrome in an inclusive education classroom. The objectives of this study focus on lived experiences of children with autism spectrum disorder and down syndrome within an inclusive classroom. Drawing on the principles of inclusive education and the unique socio-cultural context of Nepal, the study examines the specific support strategies employed to facilitate their learning and participation. The study has been conducted through qualitative case study of two children, one with autism spectrum disorder and the other with Down syndrome, within an inclusive classroom in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Document review, observation guidelines and interview guidelines were used in this study. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with teachers and specialists. The collected data is analyzed using thematic analysis, a systematic approach involving several key steps. The themes are reviewed and refined through discussion and comparison with the original data, ensuring they accurately reflect the collected information.  This study finds the critical importance of individualized approaches, highlighting how visual supports, structured routines, and sensory regulation strategies significantly benefited the student with ASD. Conversely, the student with Down syndrome thrived in collaborative learning environments, underscoring the value of peer interaction and strengths-based pedagogy. The study emphasizes that successful inclusion in Nepal necessitates ongoing teacher training, collaborative partnerships between educators, families, and therapists, and a sustained commitment to dismantling barriers to create a truly inclusive learning environment where all children can thrive.
The Pretkalpa of the Garuda Mahapurana as a Reflection of Social History: A Sociological Study of Soul Purification Shukra Raj Adhikari; Bhawani Shankar Adhikari; Ganga Acharya; Nisha Pradhananga
Paramita: Historical Studies Journal Vol. 36 No. 1 (2026): Social and Intellectual History
Publisher : istory Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang in collaboration with Masyarakat Sejarawan Indonesia (Indonesian Historical Society)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/paramita.v36i1.33145

Abstract

Abstract:  This article examines the Pretkalpa of the Garuda Mahapurana as a source for understanding the moral imagination and social values of ancient Sanatani society. It focuses on the concepts of soul purification, karma, rebirth, heaven, hell, and posthumous reward and punishment as reflected in the text. Using a qualitative design and historical content analysis, this study interprets selected passages from the Garuda Mahapurana to explore how the text constructs ethical order and explains the consequences of human action. The findings show that the Pretkalpa presents the soul as immortal and places human life at the center of moral choice, where virtuous action leads to purification and favorable rebirth, while sinful conduct results in suffering, hell, and lower forms of existence. The text also portrays fear of punishment and hope of reward as important mechanisms for guiding human behavior. This study argues that the Garuda Mahapurana can be read not only as a religious scripture but also as a reflection of social history, because it preserves ideas about morality, ritual practice, and social control in the Puranic period. The article contributes to the study of ancient texts by showing how scriptural narratives functioned as ethical guides within historical society. Abstrak: Artikel ini mengkaji Pretkalpa dalam Garuda Mahapurana sebagai sumber untuk memahami imajinasi moral dan nilai-nilai sosial masyarakat Sanatani kuno. Kajian ini berfokus pada konsep pemurnian jiwa, karma, kelahiran kembali, surga, neraka, serta ganjaran dan hukuman setelah kematian sebagaimana tercermin dalam teks tersebut. Dengan menggunakan desain kualitatif dan analisis isi historis, penelitian ini menafsirkan bagian-bagian terpilih dari Garuda Mahapurana untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana teks tersebut membangun tatanan etis dan menjelaskan konsekuensi dari tindakan manusia. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pretkalpa memandang jiwa sebagai sesuatu yang abadi dan menempatkan kehidupan manusia sebagai pusat pilihan moral, di mana tindakan kebajikan mengarah pada pemurnian dan kelahiran kembali yang lebih baik, sedangkan perbuatan dosa berujung pada penderitaan, neraka, dan bentuk keberadaan yang lebih rendah. Teks ini juga menggambarkan rasa takut terhadap hukuman dan harapan akan ganjaran sebagai mekanisme penting dalam membimbing perilaku manusia. Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa Garuda Mahapurana tidak hanya dapat dibaca sebagai kitab keagamaan, tetapi juga sebagai refleksi sejarah sosial, karena memuat gagasan tentang moralitas, praktik ritual, dan kontrol sosial pada periode Puranik. Artikel ini berkontribusi pada kajian teks-teks kuno dengan menunjukkan bagaimana narasi kitab suci berfungsi sebagai pedoman etis dalam masyarakat.